What’s a Concept map?

Example: PhotosynthesisTerms: solar energy, food energy, CO2, H2O, O2, green plants

solar energy

green plants

CO2 H2O

glucose + O2

food energy

Concept Map:

Objective: to help see the link between terms and ideas learned in class

Terms: simple carb, fiber, fructose, added sugar, glucose, complex carb, natural sugar, sucrose, glycogen, lactose, starch, grains, honey, plain yogurt, pears, liver and muscle stores.

Practice: Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

carbohydrates

Concept Map:

Objective: to help see the link between terms and ideas learned in class

Terms: simple carb, fiber, fructose, added sugar, glucose, complex carb, natural sugar, sucrose, glycogen, lactose, starch, grains, honey, plain yogurt, pears, liver and muscle stores. NOW add blood sugar

Practice: Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

carbohydrates

Blood Sugar

Lows and Highs

Tools for Control-Overview Insulin (I)

Protein based, pancreas produced hormone

Attaches to cells-Allows glucose inside cellResult blood glucose (sugar) level

decreases Glucagon (G) raises blood sugar level (BSL) Goal BSL ~80-100 mg % Too high or too low= TROUBLE

dizzy, confused

sweaty, rapid heart rate

grouchy, anxious

To: TREAT ACUTE SYMPTOMS: simple carb (sugars)

To: PREVENT SYPTOMS: restrict simple carb (sugars)

Low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia (Low BSL) Acute danger but uncommon condition RBC’s and brain need glucose 24/7 Basic Cause: I:G out of balance low BSL Prevention (different than treatment)

No meal skipping Include healthy complex carb/protein at

meals Limit simple and avoid ‘added’ sugarFocus naturally high fiber foods

What happens….???

>126 mg%

Diabetes Projections: 2000 to 2030

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Hyperglycemia (high fasting BSL) Cause: not enough or ineffective Insulin

Not caused by consuming too much sugar! Result: too much sugar in blood-not enough in

cell Consequence: cells/tissues are glucose starved

chronic inflammation occursblood lipids, blood pressure rise, arteries

harden tissue/cell function declines

DM: A chronic, progressive disease Common consequences

Vascular disease (#1 cause-diabetic deaths)

BlindnessAmputationsKidney disease

Renal Dialysis

Classifications of Diabetes Type I

pancreas fails to make insulin

early onset in life Rx: requires

insulin. Monitor diet, regular exercise.

Classifications of Diabetes Type 2

90-95% of all cases Insulin is ineffectiveMost adult DM Increasingly common in kidsTreatment: Medical pills/injections Lifestyle

diet/exercise/stress mgt.

Self-Check BSLHelps gauge day to day management successFasting BSL ✓ morning, bedtime and/or exerciseLong term ✓of BSL = hemoglobin A1C

Achieve a healthy weight Quit smoking Daily exercise Trickle in healthy carbs over the day No meal skipping Foods/beverages without added sugar Replace saturated (animal) with unsat

(plant) fats Monitor BSL

Check List: Managing BSL

Concept Map:

Terms: blood sugar (glucose), hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glucagon, insulin, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin

Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

Blood Sugar Level

Optional slides

Blood Sugar Level

Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

Glucagon releasedInadequate Insulin

Ineffective insulin

DM Type 1DM Type 2

Release liver glycogen

Bloodglucose

Concept Map: Controlling BSL

Insulin released

Blood glucose

insulin deficiency

Too much sugar in blood vessels (hyperglycemia)

vessel damage

heart nervesretina

blindness

heart attack gangrene

amputation

kidneys can’t handle excess sugar

kidney failure

kidney transplant

dialysis

cells can’t absorb sugar

ketones build up

blood becomes

acidic

glycosuria

polyuria

polydipsia

dehydration

shock

coma

death

Concept Map of Diabetescells no longer

sensitive to insulin

No insulin (not

enough)

cells burn fat and

protein only

1

Not enough sugar IN cells

kidneys

heart disease

retinal damage

Neuro-pathy

numbness

2 3 4 5 6

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