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Professor Stanley R Fernandez 1
Concepts and Theories of Politics
What’s inside the dirty kitchen: A discussion on the
Man is by nature a political animalARISTOTLE Politics, 1
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 2
The chef’s guide to political science
Politics is exciting because people disagree.
The question of HOW in politics leads us perhaps in the effort to introduce CHANGE, REFORM & INNOVATION
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 3
Concepts of State and Government
What’s in the cook book?
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 4
The concept of state and government
A state Community of person Definite portion or territory With a government Enjoys freedom from external control
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 5
The concept of state and government
Origins of state Divine right theory Necessity or force theory Paternalistic theory Social Contract Theory
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 6
The concept of state and government
State distinguished from nation State distinguished from government Purpose and necessity of
government
1. Advancement of the public welfare2. Consequence of absence
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 7
The concept of state and government
Forms of government
AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSON EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER
Monarchy Aristocracy Democracy
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 8
The concept of state and government
Forms of government
AS TO THE EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Unitary government Federal government
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 9
The concept of state and government
Forms of government
AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT
Parliamentary government Presidential government
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 10
Important Note
Fundamentally, what determines the effectiveness of a government in all aspects is not in its form
Effectiveness can only be achieved through the quality of men and women who serve in it
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 11
Government, Systems and Regimes
The tools for cooking the best gourmet
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 12
The traditional system of classification
WHAT is being classified and WHY we need to classify
We need to define ‘Government’ We need to define ‘Political Systems’
and its subsystem We need to define ‘Political Regimes’
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 13
The characteristics of classification
2 sources of classification It aids in understanding of politics It facilitate evaluation rather than
analysis
The drawbacks of classification The danger of simplification Value biases
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 14
The classical typologies
Who rules?
One person The few The many
Who benefits? Ruler Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy
All Monarchy Aristocracy Polity
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 15
The classical typologies
Form Observation People
Tyranny Worst form Slaves
MonarchyAristocracy Impractical
Community before
the rulers interest
Polity Practicable Rule by the many
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 16
The classical typologies
The development was passed to the early liberals
The road to the cause of constitutional government
Locke: Sovereignty is to the people Montesquieu: Check and balance Result: Constitutional Republicanism
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 17
Cooking Political ideology
What’s for breakfast?
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 18
Liberalism
The elements liberalism Individualism Freedom Reason Equality Toleration Consent Constitutionalism
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 19
Liberalism
The taste of liberalism
CLASSICAL Liberalism MODERN Liberalism
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 20
Conservatism
The elements of conservatism Tradition Pragmatism Human imperfection Organicism Hierarchy Authority Property
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 21
Socialism
Elements of socialism Community Fraternity Social Equality Need Social Class Common Ownership
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 22
Other Ideological Traditions
Fascism Anarchism Feminism Environmentalism Religious Fundamentalism
Professor Stanley R Fernandez 23
The EndHave a good cooking!