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Where do earthquakes occur?
Plate Tectonics
The Ring of Fire
EarthquakesWhat instrument do we
use to measure earthquakes? What do the values
mean?
What scale do we use to report the magnitude of an
earthquake?
Magnitude Average Annually
8 and higher 1 ¹
7 - 7.9 17 ²
6 - 6.9 134 ²
5 - 5.9 1319 ²
4 - 4.9 13,000
(estimated)
3 - 3.9 130,000
(estimated)
2 - 2.9 1,300,000
(estimated)
¹ Based on observations since 1900. ² Based on observations since 1990.
Earthquakes
How many Earthquakes (on average) occur on the Earth each
year?
RecentEarthquake in Haiti
• January 12th 2010, Magnitude 7.0 on the Richter Scale!!
•Lot’s of BIG (<6.0) ‘aftershocks’
• Occurred 15 km below the surface of the Earth (why there?)
Recent Earthquake in Haiti
What type of fault?
Recent Earthquake in Haiti
230,000 Confirmed Deaths…
(6th deadliest earthquake)
Recent
Earthquakes in Chile• February 27th 2010, Magnitude 8.8 on the Richter Scale!!
•Lot’s of BIG (<6.5) ‘aftershocks’
• Occurred 35 km below the surface of the Earth (why so deep?)
• ~500 people died
SubductionWhere do we get earthquakes?Where do we get volcanoes?
CHILE
volcanoes
Where do we get earthquakes?Where do we get volcanoes?
Focus
Epicenter
Hait vs. Chile Discussion
What are the main differences between the
Haiti and Chile Earthquakes?
Haiti
Chile
Where was the LARGEST recorded Earthquake in the WORLD?
Earthquakes
• May 22nd, 1960 in CHILE!!! Magnitude 9.5Magnitude 9.5 on the Richter Scale!
EarthquakesThe Earthquake in 1960 in CHILE was SO BIG that it
is thought to have caused a volcano to erupt!!
Cordon Calle volcano with an eruption cloud. The volcano, which was within 200 km (~124 miles)
of the earthquake epicenter, began to erupt two days after the earthquake.