Where Do We Go From Here? Community Focused Tourism

Development And The Possibility for Change In Today’s Tourism Industry

Emily McIntyreKatie Vivian

Michelle Ramalho

TREN 4P10

Agenda

• Introduction• Sustainability and Community-based Tourism• Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia• Stakeholder Involvement and Participation• Collaboration and Partnerships• Stakeholder Activity• Benefits of Community-based Tourism• Obstacles to Community-based Tourism• Recommendations for the Future• Conclusion

Introduction

• Key Terms– Community Based Tourism:___ (Katie maybe that definition from

your paper could go here)– Development:__– Sustainable:___– Responsible/Ethical or best practice development:___ ??

• Questions to keep in mind…(these could also go on the handout for class to think of throughout pres.)– Who is traditionally involved in development decisions within

tourism? (Locally, at destinations)– Based on your previous answer, why do you think this is the

case?– Can you recall any examples (local/global) where community

based tourism development has, or should have been used?

Sustainability and Community-based Tourism

• Empowering Communities• Providing Opportunities• Grassroots involvement• Democracy and Holistic Planning• Break free from the destructive influences of

mass tourism • Regard for Socio-cultural and economic

conditions• Treated as subjects, and not objects

Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia

• Stakeholder involvement in processes• Traditional knowledge and cultural variables• Education in Resource management and

English• Radio Announcements• Work with Non-profit FORKANI• Environmental and Cultural preservation• Initiatives to spread the income

Doxey’s Irridex

Stakeholder Involvement and Participation

• Local Control• All voices should be heard• Stakeholder’s involved in

all processes from the beginning

• Indigenous systems are often more sustainable (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002)

• Harmonized with cultural traditions

• Community cohesion and cooperation Source: Brocku.ca/campusministries.com

Collaboration and Partnerships

• Lack of coordination in developing countries• Collaborative effort is necessary for success in

developing tourism (Bramwell and Lane, 2002)• Private, Public and Government Agencies• Cross-border Cooperation• Co-management as a solution to share resources

(Plummer and Fitzgibbon, 2004)• Collaboration under Sustainable DevelopmentDo you believe partnerships in tourism development

initiatives between the aforementioned groups (locals, government and tourism officials) are mutually beneficial?

Partnerships (Bramwell and Lane, 2000)

Benefits-Range of stakeholders

involved for change and improvements

 -Democracy -Social acceptance -Coordination of policies - Importance of non-

economic issues -Pooling of resources -Non-tourism activities may

be encouraged

Barriers-Limited tradition of

stakeholders participating in policy making

-Difficult for equal representation

 -Healthy conflict may be stifled

 -Collaborative efforts may be under-resourced

  -May block innovation -Costly & time consuming 

Benefits of Community-based Tourism

• Higher degree of local participation

• Community-friendly destinations

• Infrastructure development

• Local products and labour

• Raises community-awareness

• Economic benefits

Obstacles to Community-based Tourism

• Traditional views of Power concentration

• Political power or coercion

• Role of Women

• Inadequate local expertise in tourism

• A sense of inadequacy

• Economic Issues

Conclusion

• Community-based tourism provides a more sustainable alternative than mass tourism

• Role of Community leaders • Continual monitoring and management• Potential for Political, Social, Economic

and Psychological empowerment• Acheives sustainability, harmony and

cultural integrity

Questions

Recommendations for the Future

References

Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (2000). Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships: Politics, Practice and Sustainability. Great Britain: Biddles Ltd.

Jamal, T. and Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and Community Tourism Planning. Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1), 186-204.

Plummer, R. and Fitzgibbon, J. (2004). Co-Management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework. Environmental Management 33 (6), 876-885.

Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (2002). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

Sharpley, R. & Roberst, L. (2004) Rural tourism – 10 years on. International Journal of Tourism Research 6, 119-124.