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WHERE DOES THE MAJORITY OF THE MASS GO FROM THE FOOD YOU EAT?
coordinate plane- (‘co ‘or di nate plane)-the plane consisting of the “x” axis and the “y”axis
You could graph your age in years (x) and your height in inches (y) in a coordinate plane to get a visual picture of how your height has changed over the years.
THE MAJORITY OF THE MASS FROM FOOD YOU EAT GETS EXHALED AS CARBON DIOXIDE!!
DON’T BELIEVE ME?
All organisms need energy in order to carry out their every day functions. Such as breathing, walking, running, eating,
thinking, growing, etc. However, this energy has to come from
somewhere. Organisms are specialized to make this
energy!
ENERGY
2009-2010
ATP
What is energy in biology?
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Every organism needs ATP!
ATP = ADENOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE When energy is needed, the bond between the last two phosphates breaks, releasing a burst of energy
Adenosine
Adenosine
PPPPPP
ENERGY
ENERGY
PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS Producers: can make their own food/energy
Consumers: must eat other organisms in order to make energy
REACTIONS / CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Reactants = Materials in = Written on the left of the arrow Products = Materials out = Written on the right of the arrow Reactants Products
A + B C + D
Reactants Products
2 CELLULAR PROCESSES MAKE ATP
Cellular Respiration Done by all living animals Happens in the Mitochondria Makes ATP from breaking down food
Photosynthesis Done by plants Happens in the Chloroplast Makes ATP from sunlight Some ATP is used for food for the plant
ENERGY REACTIONS
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Which are the reactants and which are the products?
Location of Reactions
Photosynthesis:
Cellular Respiration:
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Purpose: to break down glucose
Remember: glucose is a carbohydrate Carbohydrates provide quick energy
Can be done with or without oxygen With Oxygen: Aerobic Respiration Without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration
GlucoseGlucose Energy
Energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glucose is turned into energy during
cellular respiration. Where does this glucose come from??
From the food that we eat!The food is broken down in the stomach then glucose is absorbed in the blood It travels to the mitochondria for CR.
Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
1. Glycolysis Happens in the cytoplasm Glucose is split in half Makes 2 ATP
2. Kreb’s Cycle Happens in Mitochondria Breaks down Glucose
further Makes 2 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain Happens in Mitochondria Uses O2 Gas Makes 32 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS: GLUCOSEPYRUVATE
Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate
Gives off 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose molecule broken down
Gives off 2 NADH per glucose molecule
KREB’S CYCLE: PYRUVATECO2 + H20
Completes the breakdown of glucose Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it
down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and H2O
Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2 (these become important in next step)
Production of only 2 more ATP but produced lots of H+ and electrons
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN NADH and FADH2 pass the electrons down the
‘staircase
They provide the energy needed to convert oxygen into water
The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which takes on H+ protons to make water molecules
This step creates a total of 32 ATP
WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?
WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?
Without oxygen!
When would be a time your body wouldn’t have enough oxygen?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: FERMENTATION 2 Types of Fermentation
EXIT TICKET
What is the difference between cellular respiration with oxygen and without oxygen? Discuss what each are named and how many ATPs are produced through each process.
Based on that answer, why is it necessary that we have oxygen available to survive?
ENERGY TALLY
36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
Glycolysis 2 ATP
Kreb’s 2 ATP
Electron Transport 32 ATP Total: 36 ATP
BACK TO THE EQUATION….
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP
C6H12O6 (food we eat)+ 6 O2 (air we breathe) 6 H2O (liquid waste) + 6 CO2 (what we exhale) + 38 ATP (no mass)