Where There is No Vet

8/7/2019 Where There is No Vet

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HOW TO USETHIS BOOKWHEN YOU GET THIS BOOK:Read the list of CO NT EN TS at the beginning. This tells you whateach chapter is about and gives the page numbers for the differentsubjects discussed.T O LOOK UP A DISEASE OR OTHER HEALTH PROBLEM:1. Look at pages 371-380 at the end of the book. This is an IND EXthat lists, in the order of the alphabet, all the subjects in this book.Under m any subjects there will be other things to do with thesubject (for example, under birth are listed: normal, problems in,

signs of, etc.).2. Check the list of CONTENTS. When you find what you want,turn to the pages shown. . '\i'k.''IF YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND TH E MEANING OFSOME OF THE WORDS IN THIS BOOK:Look for the word in the WORD LIST on page 363 at the back of thebook. Words explained in the Word List are written in italics the firsttime they are used in a chapter or section of text.BEFORE USING ANY MEDICINE:Always look at pages 311-352 for information on uses, dosage, risks,and precautions. An A-Z of medicines is also included on medicinesfor particular problems.T O BE READY FOR EMERGENCIES:1. Keep the basic equipment listed on pages 9-13 handy in the houseor in the village.2. Study this book before it is needed, especially Section 4, Chapter 9,Emergencies and first aid and Section 6 on Signs of disease.T O HELP KEEP YOUR ANIMALS HEALTHY:Carefully study Section 3 on Healthy animals and how to keepanimals healthy at different stages in their life.T O IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF ANIMALS IN YOURCOMMUNITY:Organise a meeting of your neighbours, to study this book anddiscuss the health problems of animals in the community. UseSection 2 of the book to share your knowledge and give trainingsessions. Study Section 5 on How to prevent and control disease.Discuss with your neighbours how everyone in the community canhelp to control things such as parasites and infections to make all theanimals healthy.


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LIBRARYWhere There is N o V e tBill Forse

This book is due for return on or before the last date shown below.

21 APK ?00f

jUL 2001

Don Gresswell Ltd , Lond on, N.21 Cat No 1208


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Copyright text Bill Forse 1999 Copyright illustrations Macmillan Education Ltd 1999All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission ofthis publication may be made without written permission.No paragraph o f this publication may be reproduced, copied ortransmitted save with written permission or in accordance withthe provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issuedby the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road,London WIP 9HE.Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to thispublication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civilclaims for damages.First published 1999 byMACMILLAN PRESS LTDLondon and OxfordCompanies and representatives throughout the world

ISBN 0-85598-409-0 (Oxfam edition)10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 108 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling andmade from fully managed and sustained forest sources.Printed in Hong Kong

A catalogue record for this book is available from theBritish Library.

Illustrations by Richard Barton

Cover photographs courtesy of OXFAM/Jenny Mathews/mainpicture; PANOS Pictures/Jim Holmes (bo ttom left), Jeremy Hartley(second left); OXFAM (bottom right, second right)

This book converted to digital file in 2010


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ACP-EU Technical Centrefor Agricultural and RuralCooperationThe ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was establishedin 1983 under the Lome Convention between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)States and the European Union Member States.

CTA's tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information foragricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries toproduce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in these areas. CTA's programmes areorganised around three principal themes: strengthening facilities at ACP information cen-tres, promoting contact and exchange of experience among CTA's partners and providinginformation on demand.Through its co-publishing programmes CTA improves the access of readers in theACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States to information on agricultural andrural development. The Centre has provided support to the origination, production anddistribution of Where There is No Vet in order to further this objective.

CTA, Postbus 380, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands.

OxfamOxfam GB is a member of Oxfam International, a group of autonomous, non-p rofit devel-opm ent agencies. Oxfam believes that all people have basic rights: to earn a living, and tohave food, shelter, health care and education. Oxfam works to overcome poverty andsocial injustice through the empowerment of partner organisations and communities toachieve sustainable development and livelihoods, irrespective of nationality, race, politicalsystem, religion or colour.

Oxfam GB supports community-based animal health schemes in many countries inAfrica, Asia and Latin America, through the provision of training for local livestock owners,support for village pharmacies, and participation in vaccination and disease-monitoringprogrammes.Oxfam GB has supported the publication of this book through funding and facilitatingthe author in his research, as part of Oxfam's commitment to the development of sustain-able livelihoods in communities around the world.


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Contributors to this bookSo many people have helped with this book that trying to mention them all would be torisk leaving someone out by mistake. I thank all these people for their kindness and gen-erosity in sharing their knowledge.Some people have made comments or contributions that I have been able to use moreor less directly in the book, all of these have been welcome and I am very grateful for them .Contributors to this edition include: Gezu Bekele, Farm Africa, Ethiopia; Boubakar Ly,A.P.E.S.S., Burkina Faso; Ousman Ba, A.D.F., Senegal; Jimmy Okot, Oxfam, South Sudan;Bryan Hartley, Kenya and Tanzania; Mbaye Bernard Sene, Senegal; Djimtoloum GueteinDoyo, S.E.C.A.D.E.V., Chad; Abou ag Assibit, T.A.S.S.A.G.H.T., Mali; Yero Doro Diallo,A.R.E.D., Senegal; Rashid Maksoud, Pakistan; Fisseha Meketa, S.C.F. (USA), Ethiopia; AlexKirui, H.P.I., Kenya; Sam Gonda, Oxfam, Uganda; Seif Maloo, I.L.R.A.D., Kenya; EvelynMathias, I.I.R.R., Philippines; Jacob Wanyama, I.T.D.G., Kenya; Abdou Sarr, Oxfam,Senegal; Darlington Akebw ai, Oxfam, Kenya and Uganda.

Rhone Merieux contributed advice and help w ith parts of the section on medicines: PeterJeffries, (Trypanosome medicines) France; Chris Schermbrucker, (Vaccines) England.I hope that new editions will improve this book and keep it up to date. I will be grate-ful for any comments or inform ation that could make a new edition better. I wo uld alsolike contributions from around the world to include in a future edition. Please contact meat the publisher's address: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants,RG21 6XS, UK. Bill Forse

For my father and mother.


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Contents

Section 1 ABOUT THIS BOOK AND HOW TO USE IT 11 Introduction 1Animals 1 How to use different sections of thePlants 3 book 4Words 3 Treatments and techniques 5A skilled worke r 32 Diseases tha t people get from animals 6People with Aids, HIV, 5IDA 6 Tapeworms that people get fromDiseases that come from m ilk 6 animals 73 Vet equipment and medicines 9Basic equipment 9 Basic medicines 13

Extra equipment 11 Extra medicines 134 How to handle animals for treatment 145 How to measure liquids and solids 26Section 2 SHARING YOUR KNOWLEDGE 296 Ways to share your knowledge using this book 29

How to plan a training session 29 Training session: Parts of the body 31How to give a training session 30 Training session.How to tell the age ofan animal 43Section 3 HEALTHY ANIMA LS 447 Taking care of animals 44How to feed animals well 45 How to tell skilled workers about yourHow to buy healthy animals 47 animals 478 How to keep animals healthy at different stages in their life 48Heat (Oestrus) 48Mating 50 What to do with a new-born animal 59Pregnancy 52 What to do after birth 61What happens when an animal New-born animals with no mother 63gives birth normally 53 Weaning 64

Things that go wrong with birthand what to do about them 55


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Section 4 EMERGENCIES AN D SIMPLE OPERATIONS (Pink pages) .Emergencies and first aidBreathing has stoppedBleeding 66Choking 68Collapse or shock 68

Poisoning 69Wounds 69Burns 73Broken bones 73

656565 Dislocated joints 75Broken horns 75Colic - severe pain in the abdomen(horses especially) 76

Sudden swellings and lumps 76Prolapsed uterus 76Birth difficulties 78

10 Simple operationsCastration 79How to remove horns 83How to remove extra teatsBlocked teats 84 84Care of the teeth 85Care of the feet 85Burning and branding 87How to kill animals to eat 87

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Section 5 HOW TO PREVENT AND CONTROL DISEASE 8811 InfectionMicrobes and parasites 88How does infection spread? 88How to prevent infection 90How to avoid stress 92

88How to control infection when animalsare sick 92Disease control programmes 93

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How to control parasites inside the bodyHow to control roundworms 94 How to control tapewormsHow to control liver flukes 99 101

How to control parasites outside the bodyHow to control flies 103 How to control ticks 105How to control tsetse flies 103 Resistance to insecticides 108Section 6 SIGNS OF DISEASE14 What does a sick animal look like?Body temperature 109Breathing and heart rate 11115 How to look for signs of diseaseAsk about sick animals 113Look at sick animals froma short distance away 114Examine animals from noseto tail 115

Mucous membranes 112

How to make blood smears 118How to take a sample of faeces 120Examining a dead animal 120

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109109

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16 A quick guide to signs of disease and what they mean 121Animals that die suddenly 122Signs to do with eyes 123Signs to do with ears 124Signs to do with skin 124Signs to do with lumps andswellings 126Signs to do with breathing 128Signs to do w ith e ating anddigestion 130

Signs to do with reproduction and theudder 133Signs to do with urine 135Signs to do with behaviour andmovement 135Signs to do with many different parts ofthe body 138

Section 7 DISEASES AND PROBLEMS AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM 140

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How to care for a sick animalDiseases and problems mostly to do with animals dying suddenlyAnthrax 141 Enterotoxaemia, Pulpy kidney

Blackquarter, Blackleg 144 Lightning 146Duck viral hepatitis 145

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Diseases and problems mostly to do with eyesBlindness 147 Conjunctivitis, Eye infection 149Injury or something in the eye 147 Kerato-conjunctivitis, Pink-eye 150Eyelids turned in 148 Eyeworms, Thelaziosis 150

147

Diseases and problems mostly to do with earsEar infection 152 Earworm, Rhabditis bovisEar mites 152152153

Diseases and problems mostly to doMange (mites) 154Ticks 156Lice 157Fleas 158Flies 158Flystrike, Myiasis 161Allergy 162Sunburn 163Photosensitisation 163Rain sores 164Saddle sores 165Anhydrosis, Dry coat 166Besnoitiosis, Globidiosis 166Contagious pustular dermatitis,

Contagious ecthyma, Orf 167Contagious skin necrosis 169

with skin 154Dermatophilosis, Streptothricosis, Lumpywool 170Erysipelas 171Habronemosis, Summer sores 173Horn cancer 173Hump sore, Stephanofilariosis 174Leeches 175Leishmaniosis, Leishmaniasis 175Lumpy skin disease 176Pox 177Ringworm 180Scrapie 182Skin tumours 183Sweating sickness 184Worm nodules, Onchocercosis 185

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21 Diseases and problems mostly to do with lumps and swellingsAbscesses 186 Epizootic lymphangitisHaematoma 187 Farcy 192Hernia 188 Ulcerative lymphangitisOedema, large areas ofswelling 19022 Diseases and problems mostly to do w ith breathing

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194Coughing and distressed (noisy)breathing 194Pneumonia 195Contagious bovinepleuropneumonia, CBPP 195Contagious caprinepleuropneumonia, CCPP 197Glanders 197Heartworm, Dirofilariosis 199Influenza 199

Diseases and problems mostly to doDiarrhoea 211Constipation 212Loss of appetite, Eating less thannormal 214Bloat 215Colic 217Worms (roundworms), Parasiticgastro-enteritis 218Ascaris worms 220Hookworm 221Whipworm, Pinworm 221Blood flukes, Schistosomosis 222Rumen flukes,Paramphistomosis 224Coccidiosis 224Sacf feetf) 226

Lungworms, Parasiticbronchitis 200Nasal bots 202Pasteurellosis 202Snoring disease 203Strangles 204Tuberculosis 205/\wan coryza 207Fow/ cholera, Pasteurellosis 207Newcastle disease, Fowl pest 208with eating and digestionCr/jb b/f/ng 226Overeating grain 227fa r/ng p/ast/c bags 227Some thing stuck in the m outh 228Some thing stuck in the oesophagus,Choke 228Lack of minerals 229Fowl typhoid 231

Johne's disease, Paratuberculosis 232iamb dysentery 233Mucosal disease, Bovine virusdiarrhoea 234Pullorum disease, Bacillary whitediarrhoea 235Salmonellosis 235

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24 Diseases and problems mostly t o do w i th reproduction and the udder 237Animals not in heat whenexpected 237Animals mate but do not becomepregnant 237Animals in heat more oftenthan normal 238Abortions 238Brucellosis 239

Discharge from the penis 240Metritis, Infected uterus 241Retained placenta 241Prolapsed vagina 242Prolapsed uterus 243Sore teats 243Mastitis 244Contagious agalactia 245

Diseases and problems mostly to do with urineBlocked urethra 247 Babesiosis, Redwater fever 247248

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26 Diseases and problems mostly to do w ith behaviour and movem ent 250

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Lameness 250Arthritis 250Navel ill, Joint ill 251Foot abscess 252Footrot 254Azoturia, Tying-up, Exertionalmyopathy 255

Diseases and problems to do withFever 266Dehydration 267Anaemia, Pale or white mucousmembranes 268Heatstroke, Sunstroke,Overheating 268African horse sickness 270Anaplasmosis 271Bluetongue 273Canine ehrlichiosis, Nairobi

bleeding disease 21ADistemper, Hardpad 275East Coast fever 276Corridor disease 27'8Ephemeral fever, Three daysickness 278Foot and mouth disease 279Goat plague, Peste des Petits

Ruminants, PPR 282

Botulism 256Heartwater, Cowdriosis 257Laminitis 259Paralysis 260/?ab/es 260Tetanus 26377dr paralysis 265

285287

many different parts of the bodyHaemorrhagic septicaemia, HS,Pasteurellosis 283Leptospirosis 284/./Ver f/u/ce disease, FasciolosisMalignant catarrhal fever, MCFNairobi sheep disease 288Rift Valley fever 289Rinderpest 2905w/ne fei/er, Hog cholera 292African sw ine fever 293Tropical theileriosis, Mediterranean Coast

fever 294Trypanosomosis spread by tsetse flies 295Trypanosomosis: dourine 297Trypanosomosis: Surra, Cameltrypanosomosis 298

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28 Common poisons and what to do about themAn A-Z of common poisons and what to do about them 301303Section 8 MEDICINES 31129 Medicines for different diseasesGeneral information aboutmedicines 311Antiseptics, disinfectants and

wound dressings 324Antibiotics and other medicinesfor infections 328Medicines for trypanosomosis,trypanocides 33430 VaccinesWhat are vaccines and how dothey work? 353Live vaccines 353Dead vaccines 354

311Medicines for worms 336Medicines for parasites outside thebody, insecticides 339

Medicines for problems witheating and digestion 345Medicines for other problems 348

353Traditional vaccination 354How to keep vaccines 354How to use vaccines 356

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Section 9 WHERE TO GET MORE HELP 359Books 359 Organisations that can help you 359

Word list 363Index 371

Documents

Where There is No Vet