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Where we left off…
Hitler’s youth: Surviving Child, attended Vienna school to become an artist
Served in WWI as a communication runner and was injured twice
Hitler blamed everyone but Germany for losing the war, thought it was a political scheme
He became fascinated with Nationalism and anti-Jewish philosophies
He joined the party, takes leadership, creates the NAZI party, and stages a coup in 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch
Where we left off
Fails, get’s arrested and writes a book in jail: Mein Kampf which becomes a national best seller
Gains a lot of popularity and is appointed chancellor in 1933
In 1935, the president dies and he becomes the Fuhrer
He Stops elections, takes absolute power of Germany
Discussion: Groups
1) What was the Treaty of Versailles? What happened to Germany?
2) What is the National Socialism Worker’s party, why were they formed? What did they want?
3) List a few of Hitler’s belief. Are they the same as those from members of the National Socialism Worker’s party?
4) How did he take power?
YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezao4SaB_94
The Birth of the League of nations
Originally proposed by the United States at the end of WWI (Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points)
Designed to be a place to discuss international conflict and ensure peace through mutual defense
Flawed from beginning- USA didn’t join- Soviet Union and Germany were not allowed in- The Spirit of Locarno (avoid war at all costs)
The League was just the will of England and France (both withdrew from aggressive foreign policy after the war)
Totalitarianism
- A term used by some political scientists to describe a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible
- First developed in a positive sense in the 1920s by the Weimar German jurist
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGIMES
Totalitarianism (Extreme, total power)
Democracy
Charisma High Medium
Role conception Leader as function Leader for the people
Ends of power Public Private
Corruption Low (no need, no tolerance) High
Official ideology Yes No- Not as it seems
pluralism NoYes- Liberal, conservative, green party, etc.
Legitimacy Yes (because they make it so) Yes
Dictators
Well Usually… They are quite intelligent (Sometimes)They are power HungryCharismatic They take power during Crisis They promise a better FutureThey are patriots- ProudThey rage RAGE WARThey terrorize
Imperial Japan
In the 1930’s, Japan’s government was lead by the Military
Driven by their lack of natural resources and their dependence on foreign trade (especially with the USA), Japan attempted to expand its empire into Asia
Japanese Atrocities
The Japanese Imperial Army was extremely brutal in their treatment of the enemy
They routinely killed prisoners of war, murdered civilians, kidnapped girls to be used as “comfort women,” and used chemical and biological weapons against defenseless people
The world was outraged but the League of Nations did nothing to stop them
Fascist Italy
Benito Mussolini, a former newspaper editor, comes to power in Italy after the “March on Rome” in 1922
He is riding the people’s anger over Italy’s treatment at the treaty of Versailles, crushing poverty and a failing Italian government
Mussolini creates fascism – a combination of dictatorship (one person in charge), nationalism, imperialism, militarism with work creation schemes and social programs to provide for the people
Mussolini become wildly popular and served as a model for Hitler and other dictators
Basically
Fascism: the country is considered more important than any one person, group, liberty, or provision.
Their race is the master race
One leader
They support labor Unions (in theory)
They allow private economy but they control it
Created because they thought democracy was weak.
What does the symbol mean? A Fasces
This is an ancient Imperial Roman symbol of power carried by lectors in front of magistrates; a bundle of sticks featuring an axe, indicating the power over life and death
The image has survived as a representation of magisterial power
Like most dictators, Mussolini grew power hungry, so he…
A) Steps down from power
B) Invades other countries
Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
As part of his idea to “rebuild the Roman Empire” Mussolini invades Ethiopia (the last free African State)
The Ethiopians have few advanced weapons but effectively fight a guerilla style war
The Italians became frustrated with the lack of progress and decided to force Ethiopia’s surrender by attacking civilians
Hundreds of thousands are killed as the Italians bomb and shell innocent people in their homes
Again, the world is outraged but nothing is done to stop the horror
NEXT UP: Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union (formerly Russia)
Perhaps the most brutal dictator in history
Starves to death, imprisons and executes millions of his own people
And finally: Francisco Franco & Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco, Spanish General, invades Spain from Morocco
A civil war starts between Franco’s supporters and the rest of Spain
Italy and German sent troops and weapons to help Franco
Franco seizes power in 1939
In Summary
Dictators (Franco, Mussolini, Hitler etc.) rise from poverty and discontent
They use brutal methods at home and against other nations
The League of Nations does not have the strength or will power to stop them
Since these dictators are not stopped, they only become more bold and aggressive
The failure of the League of Nations to act created a situation where dictators eventually gained so much power that it took a full scale war to stop them
TOP 10 DICTATORS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZmduW_Ye_8