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Where/When Does Mating Disruption Work?. Art Agnello, Cornell University Randall Paddock, Paddock Agricultural Services Deborah Breth, CCE-LOF. Did you use mating disruption pheromones in 2009?. Yes No. Panel will answer several questions…. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Where/When Does Mating Disruption Work?Art Agnello, Cornell UniversityRandall Paddock, Paddock Agricultural ServicesDeborah Breth, CCE-LOF
Did you use mating disruption pheromones in 2009?
1 2
71%
29%
1. Yes2. No
Panel will answer several questions…•What pests do we have good pheromone products to incorporate into IPM programs?
•What situations are the best fit for pheromones?
•How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
•Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
What pests?
•220 acres of apple – CM and OFM▫4 years experience
•170 acres in peaches – OFM▫10 years experience
•60 acres in peaches – PTB and LPTB▫2 years
RCPaddock
What products used?
•7 apple growers – ▫mainly Isomate CM/OFM TT – for 1-4 seasons▫Checkmate Duel – in 2009
▫Puffers in 2009
▫Checkmate CM-F and OFM-F (sprayables) for 3 seasons
RCPaddock
Which pests are a good fit for IPM programs Which pests are a good fit for IPM programs that incorporate pheromone products?that incorporate pheromone products?
Oriental Fruit Moth (especially in stone fruits) • very susceptible to mating disruption • both hand-applied and sprayable formulations are affordable and
very effective- Hand applied: Isomate M-100- Sprayable: Checkmate OFM-F; SPLAT OFM; Puffer OFM
• combined with CM pheromone in several products- Checkmate CM/OFM Duel; Isomate-CM/OFM TT
• Borer Moth Species
Stone Fruits- Peachtree Borer/Lesser Peachtree Borer:
Isomate LPTB; Isomate PTB Dual (just registered)Apples- Dogwood Borer?
Isomate LPTB; Isomate DWB (soon?)
Panel will answer several questions…•What pests do we have good pheromone products to incorporate into IPM programs?
•What situations are the best fit for pheromones?
•How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
•Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
Why Borers are a Good Fit for Pheromones -Why Borers are a Good Fit for Pheromones -Standard Chemical Control Recommendations: Standard Chemical Control Recommendations:
Trunk SpraysTrunk Sprays• Borers require “extra consideration”; fall outside of normal pest program
- occur sporadically- mode of attack doesn’t lend itself to treatment with cover sprays- have to protect point of attack (trunks) with direct insecticide spray
• Lorsban (usual material of choice) infiltrates burrknots, lasts a long time in wood, giving both eradicant and protectant control of borers for the entire season when applied as early as HIG
• Alternative products (pyrethroids, Thionex) similar; may need re-sprays
However,• Dedicated trunk sprays (i.e., using a
handgun) are difficult and time-consuming; therefore, most growers don’t do them (or don’t do them well)
• Threat of losing Lorsban with increased regulatory scrutiny in the future
In what situations do you see the best fit for pheromones?•Do you have damage?
▫Evidence of worms (worm holes) in processing fruit
▫Loads rejected for worms▫Seeing damage during harvest▫Damage has driven our decision to use Mating disruption
RCPaddock
In what situations do you see the best fit for pheromones?
•Why do you have damage?▫Pesticide resistance?▫Poor choice of materials?▫Inadequate spray schedule?▫Poor spray coverage?▫Damage builds up over time?
•All of the above issues can be addressed with mating disruption.
RCPaddock
In what situations do you see the best fit for pheromones?•Blocks size matters
▫Mating disruption is intended in large blocks, in the Western States, disrupted blocks are 100 acres. “Area Wide”
▫NY, block size is smaller which has forced us to try MD on smaller blocks.
▫Started in peach in blocks ranging from 10-65 acres, now in 3-4 acres?
▫For CM – started with 20-acre blocks. ▫Shape matters! RCPaddock
In what situation do you see the best fit for pheromones?
•Specific fits:▫OFM in peach, use MD on any peach
block where OFM is present.
▫CM/OFM in apples, if you currently have internal lep damage, consider MD
▫PTB/LPTB starting in 2nd leaf blocksRCPaddock
Panel will answer several questions…•What pests do we have good pheromone products to incorporate into IPM programs?
•What situations do you see the best fit for pheromones?
•How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
•Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
RCPaddock
How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
•OFM in peach – ▫Isomate M100 twist ties at 100/acre▫Apply in mid-June before second flight▫Double up on borders▫Install as high in canopy as you can reach from
ground▫Monitor with pheromone traps▫Scout growing terminals after each generation▫If damage in terminals or fruit, spray
insecticideRCPaddock
How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
CM/OFM in apple– 3 yr program• Year 1:
▫Isomate CM/OFM TT or Checkmate Duel at 200/acre. Full rate!
▫Apply pink to early bloom.▫Double up on borders▫Install in top 2-3 feet of canopy▫Continue complete spray program, 2 sprays
per generation▫Monitor with pheromone traps▫Scout fruit after each generation
RCPaddock
CM/OFM in apple– 3 yr program (cont.)•Year 2:
▫Use full rate of dispensers▫Reduce insecticide program to 1 spray per
generation▫Monitor and treat for other pests – aphids,
plum curculio, leafrollers, apple maggot, etc.•Year 3:
▫If block is clean after Year 2, eliminate all insecticides specifically targeted at CM/OFM
▫Reduce dispenser rate by 25%▫Continue to monitor. Don’t want surprises!
RCPaddock
PTB/LPTB Mating Disruption
PTB/LPTB Mating Disruption
PTB/LPTB Pheromone Trap CatchesPTB/LPTB Pheromone Trap Catches
0
5
10
15
20
6/9 6/23 7/7 7/21 8/4 8/18 9/1
Furber 2000
Avg
. N
o./
Trap
0
5
10
15
20
6/9 6/23 7/7 7/21 8/4 8/18 9/1
Herman 2000
Avg
. N
o./
Trap
0
1
2
3
4
5
5/20 6/5 6/20 7/5 7/21 8/5 8/20
Furber 2001
LPTB Disrupted PTB Disrupted
LPTB Check PTB Check
Avg
. N
o./
Trap
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
5/20 6/5 6/20 7/5 7/21 8/5 8/20
Herman 2001
LPTB Disrupted PTB Disrupted
LPTB Check PTB Check
Avg
. N
o./
Trap
AnAlternative
forDogwood
Borer
AnAlternative
forDogwood
Borer The active ingredient of Isomate Lesser Peachtree Borer pheromone
dispensers (E, Z - 3,13-ODDA) has been identified as an antagonist to DWB males — it repels them.
When DWB pheromone is synthesized in the lab, this a.i. occurs as a contaminant; most methods available for preventing this contamination (Zhang et al.) are very expensive, so developing a commercial DWB pheromone dispenser may take some time.
Leskey et al. (USDA-WV) evaluated pheromone-based management strategies for dogwood borer in commercial orchards in 2008.
WV trial showed nearly complete trap shutdown using Isomate LPTB pheromone dispensers against DWB.
The active ingredient of Isomate Lesser Peachtree Borer pheromone dispensers (E, Z - 3,13-ODDA) has been identified as an antagonist to DWB males — it repels them.
When DWB pheromone is synthesized in the lab, this a.i. occurs as a contaminant; most methods available for preventing this contamination (Zhang et al.) are very expensive, so developing a commercial DWB pheromone dispenser may take some time.
Leskey et al. (USDA-WV) evaluated pheromone-based management strategies for dogwood borer in commercial orchards in 2008.
WV trial showed nearly complete trap shutdown using Isomate LPTB pheromone dispensers against DWB.
LPTB female DWB male
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
6/5
6/12
6/19
6/26 7/
37/
107/
177/
247/
31 8/7
8/14
8/21
8/28 9/
49/
11
Date
# m
oth
s
Trt N
Trt C
Trt S
CK N
CK C
CK S
Hilltop - 2009Hilltop - 2009
Active infestation of apple burrknots in Isomate-LPTB Treated and Untreated
Trees - 2008
Active infestation of apple burrknots in Isomate-LPTB Treated and Untreated
Trees - 2008
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Rich. Rd. Dutch St. Hilltop Rich. Rd. Dutch St. Hilltop
LorsbanIsomateCheck
Mea
n #
infe
sted
bur
rkno
ts
Pro
port
ion
infe
sted
bur
rkno
ts1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Number infested Proportion infested
0 0 0 0 0 0** **
**
** **
**
** **
Active infestation of apple burrknots in Isomate-LPTB Treated and Untreated
Trees - 2009
Active infestation of apple burrknots in Isomate-LPTB Treated and Untreated
Trees - 2009
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
0.24
0.28
0.32
Richardson Rd. Dutch St. Hilltop
IsomateCheck
Pro
port
ion
infe
sted
bur
rkno
ts
*
**
Panel will answer several questions…•What pests do we have good pheromone products to incorporate into IPM programs?
•What situations do you see the best fit for pheromones?
•How do we best implement mating disruption for specific pests?
•Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
• OFM (single species of concern in stone fruits): Don’t need as many sprays (or any? Depends on pressure)
• PTB/LPTB: - Can completely replace sprays - Tactic of choice
• Dogwood Borer:- Not absolutely sure, but early indications are good
New Developments: - Isomate-LPTB to be phased out (can probably use “Dual”)- New “true blend” DWB dispenser eventually available
Can we reduce insecticide applications when implementing mating disruption?
• OFM (single species of concern in stone fruits): Don’t need as many sprays (or any? Depends on pressure)
• PTB/LPTB: - Can completely replace sprays - Tactic of choice
• Dogwood Borer:- Not absolutely sure, but early indications are good
New Developments: - Isomate-LPTB to be phased out (can probably use “Dual”)- New “true blend” DWB dispenser eventually available
4 Year Summary –Isomate CM/OFM TT
ECB
Sprayable Checkmate - Morrisey
2007 2008 2009MD No MD MD No MD MD No
MDCheckmate CM-F
5 0 6 0 6 0
Checkmate OFM-F
4 0 4 0 4 0
OP 3 5 2 2 2 4*Pyreth 1 1 0 0 0 0Neo 5 2 2 2 1 2Del/Alt - - 2 2 0 0IGR 1 0 1 1 0 0$/acre 495 156 372 181 214 155% damage
1.0 (.3)
7.2 (1.2)
0.6 (.2)
3.8 (1.4)
1.2 (.2) 0.2 (0)
$180
Summary•We have effective pheromones for mating
disruption for:▫ Oriental fruit moth, codling moth, and
dogwood borer in apples▫Oriental fruit moth, peach tree borer and
lesser peachtree borer in stone fruit▫Mating disruption will turn a high pressure
block into a low pressure block▫Sprayables can be effective if maintained
during active flight periods, and reapplied after rain.
▫Dispensers provide more consistent trap shut down.
Summary•Can you reduce insecticides under mating
disruption?▫Yes, eventually, the second season▫Eliminate late season sprays depending on
apple maggot pressure, border sprays…▫Improve control in high pressure blocks.▫More insecticides are applied in non-
disrupted blocks but still more damage results.
▫Theoretically, reduce “sting” damage in insecticide only blocks under high pressure.
▫Increase accessibility to work in orchards.
Summary
If you have high insect pressure and poor spray coverage, insecticides alone will still result in damage from internal leps pests.
Improve spray coverage or use mating disruption.
What kind of pheromone repels Dogwood borer?
1 2 3
13% 11%
76%1. Oriental fruit
moth2. Lesser peach
tree borer3. Codling moth