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Who are the Historians??. History is the study of the past. Historians use clues to understand how people lived in the past. Much like piecing together a puzzle. -Methods used by historians include: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WHO ARE THE HISTORIANS?? History is the study of the past. Historians use clues to understand how
people lived in the past. Much like piecing together a puzzle.
-Methods used by historians include:-Studying Primary and secondary sources such as: diaries, paintings, letters, and works of earlier historians.
-Tools: written or depicted evidence of past events
ARCHAEOLOGISTS (WHAT THEY DO AND HOW)
Archaeology is the study of the past, based on items people left behind.
Artifacts- These are the manmade items that have been found through excavation.
-Methods Excavation- Process of removing earth, stone, or
other materials covering the remains of the past (digging up stuff)
-Carbon dating-a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic(bones, plants, hair) matter materials.
TOOLS ARCHAEOLOGIST USE
Tools
-Shovels, trowels, sifting screens, metal detectors, math for measuring, handheld brooms, measuring tapes!
WHY SHOULD WE STUDY THE PAST? History:
helps us understand how people think and
act.
explains how today was shaped by past
events.
promotes good decision- making skills.
teaches you about other people and cultures
provides you with a better understanding of
where and how you live
EARLY HOMINIDS
Mr. Bowling
7th Golden
KEY TERMS
Prehistory Time Before there was writing
Hominid An early ancestor of humans
Paleolithic Age Early Stone Age
Biped Walks on Two Feet
Hunters-Gathers People who hunt animals, gather wild plants,
seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
AUSTRALOPITHECUS• Short compared to
humans today. – Remains show they
were about 3 Feet Tall• Arms were long, but
hands and feet were similar to a modern humans
• Large head, and their forehead and jaw stuck out from her face
• Many scientists believe they were BIPEDS
• Their brain was only about 1/3 the size of ours
• They also weren’t able to talk
• 3-4 million years ago in Africa• Discovered by Donald
Johanson • Called her “Lucy” b/c
of the song Lucy in Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS
HOMO HABILIS: HANDY MAN
• 2nd Group of hominids discovered• Searching for signs of hominids in AFRICA• Named Homo Habilis or “Handy Man”
because of the ability to make tools• 1.5-2 million years ago• Walked on two feet• Brain was 2 times bigger than earlier
hominids• Lived in groups
HOMO HABILIS
TOOLS OF THE HANDY MAN
• Very Simple Tools
• Rocks were used for Chopping Tools
• Animal bones as digging sticks
• Sharp pieces of stone for Cutting
HOMO ERECTUS: UPRIGHT MAN
• Stood straight up• First group to
migrate out of Africa…Their remains have been found in Europe and Asia
• Taller and Thinner than previous hominid groups.
• Stronger Bones Good Walkers and Runners
TOOLS OF THE UPRIGHT MAN
• More complex tools– Ex. Strong Hand-Axes made of stone
• Were able to use fire.– Scientists have found burned animal bones in the
same places as Upright Man remains• Were able to use tools to build shelters and
this allowed for travel to new areas and longer time for survival
HOMO SAPIENS: NEANDERTHAL MAN
• Lived in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia
• Lived about 230,000-30,000 years ago
• Walked upright• Shorter and stockier
than modern man, but much stronger
• Large brains• First group to hunt
in organized groups
NEANDERTHAL COMMUNITY Strong Sense of Community
When members died they were laid in burial mounds with hunting tools and flowers.
Worked together when hunting Went in groups and trapped the animals
Cared for the injured and sick
HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS: EARLY MODERNHUMANS• Lived from 35,000 to 12,000 B.C.E.• Originated in Africa
– Then spread to Europe, Asia, and Australia– Came across LAND BRIDGES to North and South
America• Looked more like us than Neanderthals did• Had much better tools• Could not adapt to the cold as well as
Neanderthals
TOOLS OF THE EARLY MODERN HUMANS
Made tools for engraving and sculpting Needles for sewing animal skins together Built shelters out of stone and earth Spear throwers and the bow and arrow
Hunted from a distance and therefore was much safer
THE STONE AGES
Section 1: The First People
SECTION FOCUS
Humans have lived on the earth for millions of years.
Prehistoric people learned to adapt to their environment for survival.
Period of time before writing is called prehistory.
HOMINIDS AND EARLY HUMANS
Hominids first appeared in Africa 3 million years ago.
3 Main groups of Hominids: (Early) Homo Habilis – Skillful Man (Middle) Homo Erectus – Man who walks upright (Last) Homo Sapiens – Man who thinks
Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) appeared about 200,000 years ago in Africa.
HOMINIDS AND EARLY HUMANS
STONE AGE TOOLS The first humans lived during
the Stone Age.
People began using stone tools during the Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age.
Stone Age tools grew more complex as time passed.
STONE AGE TOOLS Earliest tools found in
East Africa.
Each stone was hit with another to create a sharp edge.
First tools were used to cut and grind food.
STONE AGE TOOLS
STONE AGE TOOLS
Improved tools by using better stones and attached wooden handles.
People were now able to hunt larger animals from a distance.
HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES
Early humans formed hunter-gatherer societies.
Society: community of people who share a common culture.
Hunted animals and gathered plants and seeds to survive.
Groups were small and lived in caves.
HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES
HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES
Hunter-gatherer societies developed language, art, and religion.
The most important development was language:Allowed more relationships to
formEasier to huntAllowed food distribution
Paleolithic Age lasted more than 2 million years and ended 10,000 years ago.
HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES