Upload
rosamond-hicks
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Who Defines Universal Design’s
Constituents?
Aimi Hamraie
Emory University
Universal Design
Universal Design:
• Broad inclusion• Accessibility-by-
design
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA):
• Specific disabilities• Barrier-removal
Seven Principles of UD
1. Equitable use
2. Flexibility in use
3. Simple and intuitive
4. Perceptible information
5. Tolerance for error
6. Low physical effort
7. Size and space for approach and use
Universal?
• Assimilation
• “Normate” (Garland-Thomson)
Universal?
• Inclusion
• Flexibility
• Universal vulnerability
Blusson Spinal Cord Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Models• Social
Models• Social
• Medical
Models• Social
• Medical
• Scientific
Steven Epstein
Inclusion: the politics of difference in
medical research (2007)
Universal Design research
Disability rightsmovement
Universal Design research
Disability rightsmovement
EnvironmentalDesign
Research
Environmental Design Research
Pre-1970’s:
Human-environment
systems
1970’s and after:User-centered
design
From Harry H. Laughlin, The Second International Exhibition of Eugenics (1921)
Anthropometry & eugenics
Credit: Architectural Graphic Standards, 1941; 1981
Anthropometry & design
Credit: Center for Inclusive Design & Environmental Access
Anthropometry of disability