Areas of multiple deprivation, income and car ownership

Who has access to cars? Will these cars be compliant?

Number of cars or vans per household

<0.5 0.8 1 1.5 2.2

• ~1.4 million households in the inner charging zone

• 45% of these have a car or van available

• Average of 0.6 vehicles per household.

• Spatial variability with households further out from the centre having on average 1 or more vehicles per household

•The average age of private cars registered in the inner zone is approximately15 years

•Approximately 77% of the cars registered in the Inner charging zone will be compliant with the ULEZ standards

• Multiple deprivation takes into account household income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing / services and living environment. Some of England’s most deprived areas are within the inner charging zone (see the two darker shades for10% most deprived areas in England).

• Typically the areas of higher car ownership in map 1 correspond to areas of least deprivation. • In addition, data from LTDS shows that car ownership increases with higher household incomes. In households with an average income of less than £10k,

only 15% own a car with this increasing to 30% for household earning between £15k and £20k. • The more deprived areas in the north of the zone also correspond to areas of below average compliance (around 65% to 70%)

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

< £5,000 (7% of HHs.)£5,000 - £9,999 (9% of HHs.)

£10,000 - £14,999 (7% of HHs.)£15,000 - £19,999 (6% of HHs.)£20,000 - £24,999 (6% of HHs.)£25,000 - £34,999 (9% of HHs.)£35,000 - £49,999 (8% of HHs.)£50,000 - £74,999 (7% of HHs.)£75,000 - £99,999 (4% of HHs.)

£100,000+ (6% of HHs.)

No car One car Two cars More than two

% of cars compliant

Source: Census 2011

Source: DCLG Indices of Deprivation Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: DfT Car Registration Data 2016. Assumed 6 yrs and 15 yrs for compliant diesel and petrol vehicles respectively

What about reducing car use? Who has good access to PT?

Wor

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Best

Neighbourhoods less likely to: Neighbourhoods more likely to:

• Access to public transport varies considerably with the outer areas experiencing lower access.

• Around 18% of the area of the zone has a PTAL of 1b or lower (the worst 3 categories).

• These are also the areas where car ownership is typically highest.

• The Transport Classification of Londoners (TCoL) can tell us if residents within a given neighbourhood are likely to reduce their car use (assuming they do have access to one).

• The areas where individuals are more likely to change tend to cover areas of lower car ownership • The area of higher deprivation in the north of London where compliance is lower than average is

also an area where households are less likely to reduce their car use. This suggests that this group will be more likely to want to upgrade their vehicles but potentially less financially able to

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What are residents of the inner charging zone using their cars for?

48% of residents in the inner charging zone use a car with the following frequency:

28% 9% 4% 4% 9% 12% 10% 25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Not used in the last 12 months At least once a year At least once a month At least once a fortnight

1 day a week 2 days a week 3 or 4 days a week 5 or more days a week

34% 18% 19% 11% 6% 5% 4% 3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

EntertainmentWork relatedShoppingDrop off / pick up - otherDrop off / pick up - schoolPersonal BusinessOtherEducation

• Approximately 23% of trips made by inner London residents make use of a car.

• Over a third of these trips are for entertainment and nearly a fifth are related to travelling to work or other work actives and separately to shopping.

• The school run accounts for around 6 per cent of car trips.

• 52% of residents in the zone say they never use a car. • Of the remaining 48%, more than a third use their vehicles 3

days or more per week. • Interestingly around 30% also state that they haven’t used a

car in the past 12 months.

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Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: PTAL at LSOA level

Source: TfL’s Transport Classification of Londoners

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

< £5,000£5,000 - £9,999

£10,000 - £14,999£15,000 - £19,999£20,000 - £24,999£25,000 - £34,999£35,000 - £49,999£50,000 - £74,999£75,000 - £99,999

£100,000+

No car One car Two cars Two or more Cars

Areas of multiple deprivation, income and car ownership

Who has access to cars? Will these cars be compliant?

Number of cars or vans per household

<0.5 0.8 1 1.5 2.2

• There are 4.6 million residents and ~1.7 million households in the Outer zone.

• 70% of households have a car or van available.

• Spatial variability with households further out from the centre having on average 1 or more vehicles per household.

•The average age of private cars registered in the Outer zone is approximately17 years

•Approximately 78 per cent of the cars registered in the Outer zone will be compliant with the ULEZ standards

• Multiple deprivation takes into account household income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing / services and living environment. Some of England’s most deprived areas are within the inner charging zone (see the two darker shades for10% most deprived areas in England).

• Typically the areas of higher car ownership in map 1 correspond to areas of least deprivation. • In addition, data from LTDS shows that car ownership increases with higher household incomes. In households with an average income of less than £10k,

only 30 per cent own a car with this increasing to 67 per cent for household earning between £15k and £20k. • The majority of the Outer London zone has low deprivation.

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% of cars compliant

Source: Census 2011

Source: DCLG Indices of Deprivation

Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: DfT Car Registration Data 2016. Assumed 6 yrs and 15 yrs for compliant diesel and petrol vehicles respectively

46% 13% 12% 6% 2% 2% 4% 16%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%5 or more days a week 3 or 4 days a week 2 days a week1 day a week At least once a fortnight At least once a monthAt least once a year Not used in the last 12 months

24% 21% 12% 10% 9% 7% 6% 5% 2% 2% 1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

What are residents outside the charging zone using their cars for? Entertainment/ sport/ social

ShoppingUsual workplaceDrop off/ pick up - otherDrop off/ pick up - school/ collegeEducation (as a pupil)Other workPersonal Business / use servicesWorship/ other religious observanceDrop off/ pick up - workOther

What about reducing car use? Who has good access to PT?

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Best

Neighbourhoods less likely to: Neighbourhoods more likely to:

• Access to public transport varies considerably with the outer areas experiencing lower access.

• Around 87 per cent of the area of the zone has a PTAL of 2 or lower (the worst 3 categories).

• These areas are car dependent.

• The Transport Classification of Londoners (TCoL) can tell us if residents within a given neighbourhood are likely to reduce their car use (assuming they do have access to one).

• Outer London is more homogeneous than inner London – with neighbourhoods highly likely to be characterised by a reluctance to reduce their car use. This closely reflects the PTAL map with areas of low connectivity being less likely to change their car use.

• There are some neighbourhoods that would be open to changing their car travel – these are generally located near the north south circular in areas with higher PTAL.

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What are residents of the inner charging zone using their cars for?

57% of residents outside the charging zone use a car with the following frequency:

• Approximately 42 per cent of trips made by Outer London residents make use of a car.

• Almost a quarter of these trips are for entertainment and just over a fifth are related to shopping, and 12 per cent for work.

• The school run accounts for around 9 per cent of car trips.

• 7 per cent of car trips made by Outer residents have their destination into the Inner zone.

• 43 per cent of residents in the zone say they never use a car. • Of the remaining 57 per cent, more than half use their

vehicles 3 days or more per week. • Interestingly around 16 per cent also state that they haven’t

used a car in the past 12 months.

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Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: LTDS 2014/15

Source: PTAL at LSOA level Source: TfL’s Transport Classification of Londoners