Who is this lady and what did she stand for???

Brain Scan

• 20% of Males between 25 and 34 are now living where?– At home

• One out of seven Americans have ten of these. What are they?– Credit Cards

• Every state in the U.S. has a city with this name. What is it?– Lincoln

Progressive Era Progressive Era

What does the word “Progressive” mean?

Progressive Goals

Progressives urged the government to:

1. Distribute Wealth Equally

1. Protect Social Welfare

1. Promoting Moral Improvements

1. Creating Economic Reform and Stop Unfair Business Practices

1. Reduce government corruption

1. Fostering Efficiency

The Origins of Progressive Era The Origins of Progressive Era

Social Reforms

Social Welfare Reform MovementPeople/Groups Involved

• YMCA, Salvation Army, Settlement Houses, Hull House, etc…

• Jane Adams, Florence Kelly, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Created a variety of public services

Moral Reform MovementPeople/Groups Involved

• Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League

• Frances Willard, Carey Nation, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Prohibition adopted by many town and state governments

• 18th Amendment (Prohibition)

Economic Reform MovementPeople/Groups Involved

• American Socialist Party, Muckrakers

• Eugene Debs, Ida Tarbell, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Exposed corruption in different industries

• Equal distribution of wealth • 16th Amendment (Income

Tax)

Movement for Industrial EfficiencyPeople/Groups Involved

• Ford Motor Company• Fredrick Winslow Taylor,

Henry Ford, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Ford Assembly Line, the “Five Dollar Day”, Scientific Management

Movement to Protect WorkersPeople/Groups Involved

• National Child Labor Committee

• Louis Brandeis, Florence Kelly, Josephine Goldmark, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Keating-Owen Act, Workers Compensation, 10 hour workday for women and men

Political Reforms

Movement to Reform Local Government

People/Groups Involved

• Commissions, City Councils • Hazen Pingree, Tom

Johnson (Socialists)

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Property taxes, public ownership of utilities and transportation, as well as other economic reforms

State Reform of Big BusinessPeople/Groups Involved

• Robert M. La Follette, James Hogg, etc…

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Laws regulating railroads, and end government corruption because of relationships with Big Business

Movement for Elections ReformPeople/Groups Involved

• William S. U’Ren

Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc…)

• Secret Ballot, Initiative, Referendum, recall, direct primary, and the 17th Amendment (direct election of senators)

Women in Public Life

Chapter 17 Sec 2

What types of jobs were women in each group likely to hold?

Lower Class• Agricultural, domestic and

manufacturing

Middle and Upper Class• White-collar jobs (book

keepers, stenographers, operators, etc…)

What types of jobs were women in each group likely to hold?

African Americans• Agricultural and domestic

Immigrants• Agricultural, domestic,

piecework, taking in boarders, and manufacturing

How did educational opportunities for middle-and upper-class women change?

• New women’s colleges established

How did these new opportunities affect the lives of middle-and upper-class women?

• Marriage was no longer a woman’s only alternative

• Offered opportunity to pursue a profession• Allowed to devote oneself to reform

movement

SuffrageWhat three strategies were adopted by

the suffragist to win the vote?

1. Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote

2. Pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment

3. Campaigned for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote

What results did each strategy produce?

1. Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho granted women the vote (other states it failed)

2. The Supreme Court ruled that women were citizens, but that citizenship did not automatically confer the right to vote

3. It was always voted down

Progressive Presidents

T.R./TAFT/WILSON

Teddy Roosevelt Big Business

Enforced Sherman Anti-Trust Act (49 Cases)

Hepburn Act (Interstate Commerce Commission)

Federal Reforms “Square Deal”=progressive reforms to

even the playing field Negotiated deals b/t workers and owners

(ex: coal strike 1902) Meat Inspection Act /Pure Food and Drug

Act Conservation

National Reclamation Act (1902) Set aside 200 million acres of land

U.S. Forest Service (1905) Civil Liberties

Women Supported Women Suffrage

Race Failed to truly endorse African

Americans Invited Booker T Washington to the

White House

William Taft Big Business

Enforced Sherman Anti Trust Act (90 cases)

Lowered Tariffs slightly (Payne Aldrich Act)

Federal Reforms Supported Labor Department of Labor

Conservation Allowed private business group to obtain

several millions of acres of Alaskan public land (angered conservationists)

Reserved more land then T.R. Civil Liberties

Women Supported Suffrage

Race Talked about issues but did nothing

for African Americans

Woodrow Wilson• Big Business

– Clayton Anti-Trust Act• Federal Reforms

– 16th Amendment=income tax– Federal Trade Commission– Federal Reserve System – Supported strikes, picketing, and

boycotts• Conservation

– Signed the National Park Service Bill (1916)

• Civil Liberties– Women

• Lightly supported Suffrage – Race

• Extended Jim Crow Laws• Endorsed “Birth of a Nation”

What were the reasons for these “Progressive” movements?

To address the problems that had contributed to the social upheavals of the 1890’s

Election Of 1912

CandidateCandidate partyparty Popular Vote

Popular Vote %%

Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt

William Taft

Eugene Debs

Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt

William Taft

Eugene Debs

Democrat

Bull Moose

Republican

Socialist

Democrat

Bull Moose

Republican

Socialist

6,296,000

4,118,000

3,486,000

900,000

6,296,000

4,118,000

3,486,000

900,000

42% (435)

27% (88)

23% (8)

6% (0)

42% (435)

27% (88)

23% (8)

6% (0)

Why did Wilson win the Presidential Election of 1912?

Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican Ticket

Progressive Era LegislationDate Legislation Purpose

1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Outlawed monopolies and unfair business practices

1905 United States Forest Service

Create to manage nation’s water and timber resources

1906 Meat inspection Act

Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure clean conditions

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

Outlawed dishonest labeling of food and drugs

1913 Department of Labor

Cabinet department created to promote welfare of working people