Whole-Group Small-Group Instructional Modeled and …6-ODYSSEY... · Whole-Group Instruction 20 Minutes ... "Sirens; Scylla & Charybdis" Type Essays READ ... Symbol Worksheet Read

Whole-Group Instruction 20

Minutes

Small-Group Instruction 20

Minutes

Instructional Software 20

Minutes

Modeled and Independent

Reading 20 Minutes

Whole-Group Wrap-Up 10 Minutes

Day 1 Intro Life as a Journey (EL 877); Odyssey Intro (878-885)

Reading #1 (RJ) Begin Epic "Tell the Story"; Map 888

Read 180 READ Input Reading Log

Check Test: Questions and Answers Elements 884

Day 2 Intro Continued (878-885); Reading # 2 "Calypso" Summary

Reading #3 "Lotus Eaters"; Handout #1 (RJ) Figurative Lang & Imagery


Day 3 Writing Workshop: Intro Essay, Brainstorm goals, review outlines, share model

Outline for Body Paragraph #1



Day 4 Reading #4 (RJ) "The Cyclops"

Reading #4 "The Cyclops


Day 5 Reading #5 (RJ) "The Cyclops Continued"

Finish Reading #5 "The Cyclops Continued"

Read 180 READ Record 2 Annotations


Minutes


Minutes


Minutes


Reading 20 Minutes


Day 6 Introduce Handout #2 (RJ) Cyclops Sequencing Worksheet

Continue Handout #2; Review Paragraphs


Day 7 Reading #6 (RJ) "Sirens; Scylla & Charybdis"

Reading #6 "Sirens; Scylla & Charybdis"


Day 8 WW Narration Handout #4 (RJ) Brainstorm temptations Sirens as example

Write Tempation paragraph

Type Essays READ Input Reading Log

Day 9 Reading #6 (RJ) "Sirens; Scylla & Charybdis"

Reading #6 (RJ) "Sirens; Scylla & Charybdis"


Day 10 Watch Movie Selections

Review Essays Read 180 READ Record 2 Annotations


Minutes


Minutes


Minutes


Reading 20 Minutes


Day 11 Reading #7 (RJ) "The Test of the Great Bow"

Reading #7 (RJ) "The Test of the Great Bow"


Day 12 Reading #7 (RJ) "The Test of the Great Bow"

Reading #7 (RJ) "The Test of the Great Bow"


Day 13 WW Review Exposition Paragraph on difficulties faced once goal is achieved

Essay Revising and Conferencing


Day 14 Whole-Group Instruction 20 Minutes

Continue Reading #8 (RJ) "Death at the Palace"


Day 15 Reading #9 (RJ) "Odysseus & Penelope"

Handout #3 (RJ) Symbol Worksheet

Read 180 READ Record 2 Annotations


Minutes


Minutes


Minutes


Reading 20 Minutes


Day 16 Reading #10 (RJ) "Welcome a Religious Duty"

Reading #10 (RJ) "Welcome a Religious Duty"


Day 17 Reading #10 (RJ) "Ithaca" Poem

Reading #10 (RJ) "Ithaca" Poem


Day 18 Writers' Workshop Writing an Intro Follow Outline

Writing a Conclusion Follow Outline


Day 19 Finish Movie Selections

Finish Rbook Journal or Work on Essays


Day 20 Odyssey Test Finish Rbook Journal or Work on Essays

Type Essays READ Record 2 Annotations

TheOdysseyCLAStandardsReading1.0WORDANALYSIS,FLUENCY,ANDSYSTEMATICVOCABULARYDEVELOPMENT1.3IdentifyGreek,Roman,andNorsemythologyandusetheknowledgetounderstandtheoriginandmeaningofnewwords(e.g.,thewordnarcissisticdrawnfromthemythofNarcissusandEcho).2.0ReadingComprehension(FocusonInformationalMaterials)2.5Extendideaspresentedinprimaryorsecondarysourcesthroughoriginalanalysis,evaluation,andelaboration.3.0LiteraryResponseandAnalysis3.2Compareandcontrastthepresentationofasimilarthemeortopicacrossgenrestoexplainhowtheselectionofgenreshapesthethemeortopic.3.3Analyzeinteractionsbetweenmainandsubordinatecharactersinaliterarytext(e.g.,internalandexternalconflicts,motivations,relationships,influences)andexplainthewaythoseinteractionsaffecttheplot.3.6Analyzeandtraceanauthor’sdevelopmentoftimeandsequence,includingtheuseofcomplexliterarydevices(e.g.,foreshadowing,flashbacks).3.7Recognizeandunderstandthesignificanceofvariousliterarydevices,includingfigurativelanguage,imagery,allegory,andsymbolism,andexplaintheirappeal.LiteraryCriticism3.12Analyzethewayinwhichaworkofliteratureisrelatedtothethemesandissuesofitshistoricalperiod.(Historicalapproach)WritingApplications2.1Writebiographicalorautobiographicalnarrativesorshortstories:

a.Relateasequenceofeventsandcommunicatethesignificanceoftheeventstotheaudience.b.Locatescenesandincidentsinspecificplaces.c.Describewithconcretesensorydetailsthesights,sounds,andsmellsofasceneandthespecificactions,movements,gestures,andfeelingsofthecharacters;useinteriormonologuetodepictthecharacters’feelings.d.Pacethepresentationofactionstoaccommodatechangesintimeandmood.e.Makeeffectiveuseofdescriptionsofappearance,images,shiftingperspectives,andsensorydetails.

2.2Writeresponsestoliterature: a.Demonstrateacomprehensivegraspofthesignificantideasofliteraryworks.

b.Supportimportantideasandviewpointsthroughaccurateanddetailedreferencestothetextortootherworks.c.Demonstrateawarenessoftheauthor’suseofstylisticdevicesandanappreciationoftheeffectscreated.d.Identifyandassesstheimpactofperceivedambiguities,nuances,andcomplexitieswithinthetext.

CLA Standard: Literary Response and Analysis 3.3, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.12

BigIdea:WhatdoesHomerwanttheMusetohelphimwith?__________________________________________________________________

!ReactDoyouthinkpreviewsofastoryormoviespoilitfortheaudience?Whyorwhynot?

StudentObjecEves:‐‐Totracesequen/aldevelopment‐‐Tounderstandhowcharacters'mo/va/onsaffectplot‐‐Torecognizefigura/velanguageandimagery‐‐Toanalyzehowhistoricalissuesinfluenceliterature

(Book1ofTheOdyssey)TELLTHESTORY

Homeropenswithaninvoca5on,orprayer,askingtheMusetohelphimsinghistale.No5cehowthesingergiveshislistenershintsabouthowhisstoryistoend.

Singinme,Muse,andthroughmetellthestoryofthatmanskilledinallwaysofcontending,thewanderer,harriedforyearsonend,aNerheplunderedthestrongholdontheproudheightofTroy.

Hesawthetownlandsandlearnedthemindsofmanydistantmen,andweatheredmanybiQernightsanddaysinhisdeepheartatsea,whilehefoughtonlytosavehislife,tobringhisshipmateshome.Butnotbywillnorvalorcouldhesavethem,fortheirownrecklessnessdestroyedthemall‐‐childrenandfools,theykilledandfeastedonthecaQleofLordHellos,theSun,andhewhomovesalldaythroughheaventookfromtheireyesthedawnoftheirreturn.

Reading1:TheOdyssey

DidyouKnow?Muses:TheGreeksbelievedthattherewerenineMuses,daughtersofZeus,thechiefgod.TheMusesinspiredpeopletoproducemusic,poetry,dance,andallotherarts.

Themodernwords'museum,''music,'and'amuse'allhavetheiroriginswiththeMuses.

Canyouthinkofanotherwordwithrela/ontotheMuses?(Hint:youvisitthisplacetoseeartwork)__________________

1


LiteraryElements

1.UnderlinethereasonwhyOdysseus'mendonotsurvivethejourneyhome.

Foreshadowinggivinghintsaboutthefuture.

2.Writethreeexamplesofforeshadowing.1.__________________

2.__________________

3.__________________

3.Circle:True/orFalse

Odysseus'troublesstoponcehegetshome.

Oftheseadventures,Muse,daughterofZeus,tellusinour/me,liNthegreatsongagain.BeginwhenalltherestwholeNbehindthemheadlongdeathinbaQleoratseahadlongagoreturned,whilehealones/llhungeredforhomeandwife.HerladyshipCalypsoclungtohiminhersea‐hollowedcaves—anymph,immortalandmostbeau/ful,whocravedhimforherown.

Andwhenlongyearsandseasonswheelingbroughtaroundthatpointof/meordainedforhimtomakehispassagehomeward,trialsanddangers,evenso,aQendedhimeveninIthaca,nearthoseheloved.Yetallthegodshadpi/edLordOdysseus,allbutPoseidon,ragingcoldandroughagainstthebraveking/llhecameashoreatlastonhisownland....

WordstoKnow!Contending(v)‐‐compe/ng;arguingPlundered(v)‐‐takenduringwarValor(adj)‐‐braveryNymph(n)‐‐afemalenaturespiritwhowouldliveintrees

2

CLAStandard:LiteraryResponseandAnalysis3.2

PARTONE:THEWANDERINGS

SummaryofCALYPSO,THESWEETNYMPH

Thefirstbooksoftheepic(Books1‐4)tellaboutOdysseus'son,Telemachus.TelemachushasbeensearchingtheMediterraneanworldforhisfather,whohasneverreturnedfromtheten‐yearTrojanWar.(Today,OdysseuswouldbelistedasmissinginacFon.)

WhenwefirstmeetOdysseus,inBook5oftheepic,heisaprisonerofthebeauFfulgoddessCalypso.Theoldsoldierisindespair:Hehasspenttenyears(sevenofthemasCalypso'snotenFrelyunwillingcapFve)tryingtogethome.

ThegoddessAthenahassupportedandhelpedOdysseusonhislongjourney.Nowshebegsherfather,Zeus,tohelpherfavorite,andZeusagrees.HesendsthemessengergodHermestoCalypso'sislandtoorderOdysseusreleased.ItisimportanttorememberthatalthoughCalypsoisnotdescribedasevil,herseducFvecharms‐‐evenherpromisesofimmortalityforOdysseus‐‐threatentokeeptheheroawayfromhiswife,Penelope.

HermestellsCalypsothatshemustgiveupOdysseusforever.

CalypsopromisesOdysseusaraQandprovisionstohelphimhomewardwithoutharm‐providedthegodswishit...OdysseusandCalypsosaygoodbye.

SoOdysseusbuildstheraQandsetssail.ButtheseagodPoseidonisbynomeansreadytoallowaneasypassageoverhiswaterydomain.HeraisesastormanddestroystheraQ.ItisonlywiththehelpofAthenaandaseanymphthatOdysseusarrives,brokenandbaSered,ontheislandofScheria.'Therehehideshimselfinapileofleavesandfallsintoadeepsleep.(book5)

BigIdea:Whatinternal(ontheinside)andexternal(ontheoutside)conflictsdoesOdysseusface?_____________________________________________________________________

!ReactCantoomuchofagoodthingbecomeaproblem?Explain.

WordstoKnow!Provisions‐‐(n)foodandsuppliesDomain‐‐(n)theareaoflandcontrolledbyonepersonEpicGenre‐‐alongstoryaboutaherothatisusuallywriFeninpoetry

Reading2:TheOdyssey

4

CLAStandard:LiteraryResponseandAnalysis3.3,3.6,3.7,and3.12

BigIdea:WhathappenedtothemenwhoatetheLotus?________________________________________________

"Forge:ngYourHomeland"

Thesedays,whatdopeopledototrytoforgettheirtroubles?

1.______________________

2.______________________

3.______________________

StudentObjec:ves:‐‐Totracesequencialdevelopment‐‐Tounderstandhowcharacters'moEvaEonsaffectplot‐‐TorecognizefiguraEvelanguageandimagery‐‐Toanalyzehowhistoricalissuesinfluenceliterature

(FromBook9)THELOTUSEATERS

"UponthetenthwecametothecoastlineoftheLotusEaters,wholiveuponthatflower.Welandedtheretotakeonwater.Allships'companiesmusteredalongsideforthemiddaymeal.ThenIsentouttwopickedmenandarunnertolearnwhatraceofmenthatlandsustained.Theyfellin,soonenough,withLotusEaters,whoshowednowilltodousharm,onlyofferingthesweetLotustoourfriends‐butthosewhoatethishoneyedplant,‐‐theLotus,nevercaredtoreport,nortoreturn:theylongedtostayforever,browsingonthatnaEvebloom,forgeZuloftheirhomeland.Idrovethem,allthreewailing,totheships,Eedthemdownundertheirrowingbenches,andcalledtherest:'Allhandsaboard;come,clearthebeachandnoonetastetheLotus,oryouloseyourhopeofhome,'Filingintotheirplacesbytherowlocks.myoarsmendippedtheirlongoarsinthesurf,andwemovedoutagainonourseafaring..."

Reading3:TheOdyssey

5


BigIdea:Whatistheselec0onmainlyabout?__________________________________________________________________

!ReactIsitstrangethattheCyclopstreatstheewessowellandthevisitorssocruelly?Whyorwhynot?

(FromBook9)

THECYCLOPSInhisnextadventureOdysseusdescribeshisencounterwiththeCyclopsnamedPolyphemus,Poseidon'sone‐eyedmonsterson.Polyphemusmaywellrepresentthebruteforcesthatanyheromustovercomebeforehecanreachhome.NowOdysseusmustrelyonthespecialintelligenceassociatedwithhisname.OdysseusisthecleverestoftheancientGreekheroesbecausehisdivineguardianisthegoddessofwisdom,Athena.ItisOdysseus'famedcuriositythatleadshimtotheCyclops'scaveandthatmakeshiminsistonwaiEngforthebarbaricgiant.OdysseusissEllspeakingtothecourtofKingAlcinous.

"WelitafIre,burntanoffering,andtooksomecheesetoeat;thensatinsilencearoundtheembers,waiEng.WhenhecamehehadaloadofdryboughsonhisshouldertostokehisfIreatsupperEme.Hedumpeditwithagreatcrashintothathollowcave,andweallscaLeredfasttothefarwall.

Thenoverthebroadcavernfloorheusheredtheeweshemeanttomilk.HeleOhisramsandhe‐goatsintheyardoutside,andswunghighoverheadaslabofsolidrocktoclosethecave.Twodozenfour‐wheeledwagons,withheavingwagonteams,couldnothavesErredthetonnageofthatrockfromwherehewedgeditoverthedoorsill.NexthetookhisseatandmilkedhisbleaEngewes.ApracEcedjobhemadeofit,givingeachewehersuckling;thickenedhismilk,then,intocurdsandwhey,sievedoutthecurdstodripinwithybaskets,andpouredthewheytostandinbowlscoolingunElhedrankitforhissupper.

Whenallthesechoresweredone,hepokedthefIre,heapingonbrushwood.Intheglarehesawus.

'Strangers,'hesaid,'whoareyou?Andwherefrom?Whatbringsyouherebyseaways‐afairtraffic?Orareyouwanderingrogues,whocastyourliveslikedice,andravageotherfolkbysea?'

Wefeltapressureonourhearts,indreadofthatdeeprumbleandthatmightyman.ButallthesameIspokeupinreply:

Reading4:TheOdyssey

11


butCyclopswentonfillinguphisbellywithmanfleshandgreatgulpsofwhey,thenlaydownlikeamastamonghissheep.MyheartbeathighnowatthechanceofacEon,anddrawingthesharpswordfrommyhipIwentalonghisflanktostabhimwherethemidriffholdstheliver.Ihadtouchedthespotwhensuddenfearstayedme:ifIkilledhimweperishedthereaswell,forwecouldnevermovehisponderousdoorwayslabaside.SowewereleOtogroanandwaitformorning.

WhentheyoungDawnwithfingerEpsofroselituptheworld,theCyclopsbuiltafireandmilkedhishandsomeewes,allindueorder,pu[ngthesucklingstothemothers.Then,hischoresbeingalldispatched,hecaughtanotherbraceofmentomakehisbreakfast,andwhiskedawayhisgreatdoorslabtolethissheepgothrough‐buthe,behind,resetthestoneasonewouldcapaquiver.TherewasadinofwhistlingastheCyclopsroundedhisflocktohigherground,thensEllness.AndnowIponderedhowtohurthimworst,ifbutAthenagrantedwhatIprayedfor.HerearethemeansIthoughtwouldservemyturn:

aclub,orstaff,laytherealongthefold—anolivetree,felledgreenandleOtoseasonforCyclops'hand.Anditwaslikeamastaluggeroftwentyoars,broadinthebeam‐‐adeep‐seagoingcraO‐mightcarry:solong,sobigaround,itseemed.NowIchoppedoutasix‐footsecEonofthispoleandsetitdownbeforemymen,whoscrapedit;andwhentheyhaditsmooth,Ihewedagaintomakeastakewithpointedend.Iheldthisinthefire'sheartandturnedit,tougheningit,thenhidit,wellbackinthecavern,underoneofthedungpilesinprofusionthere.NowcametheEmetotossforit:whoventuredalongwithme?WhosehandcouldbeartothrustandgrindthatspikeinCyclops'seye,whenmildsleephadmasteredhim?Asluckwouldhaveit,themenIwouldhavechosenwonthetoss‐‐fourstrongmen,andImadefiveascaptain.

!ReactDoyouthinkOdysseusshouldhavekilledtheCyclopswhenhehadthechance?Whyorwhynot?

Odysseusshould/shouldnothavekilledtheCyclopswhenhehadthechancebecause_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

***NoEce***Theresponsesentenceisacompletesentence!

13


Now,bythegods,Idrovemybighandspikedeepintheembers,charringitagain,andcheeredmymenalongwithbaLletalktokeeptheircourageup:noqui[ngnow.Thepikeofolive,greenthoughithadbeen,reddenedandglowedasifabouttocatch.Idrewitfromthecoalsandmyfourfellowsgavemeahand,luggingitneartheCyclopsasmorethannaturalforcenervedthem;straightforwardtheysprinted,liOedit,andrammeditdeepinhiscratereye,andIleanedonitturningitasashipwrightturnsadrillinplanking,havingmenbelowtoswingthetwo‐handledstrapthatspinsitinthegroove.Sowithourbrandweboredthatgreateyesocketwhilebloodranoutaroundthered‐hotbar.Eyelidandlashwereseared;thepiercedballhissedbroiling,andtherootspopped.

Inasmithy'oneseesawhite‐hotaxheadoranadze"plungedandwrunginacoldtub,screechingsteam—thewaytheymakesoOironhaleandhard‐‐

justsothateyeballhissedaroundthespike.TheCyclopsbellowedandtherockroaredroundhim,andwefellbackinfear.Clawinghisfacehetuggedthebloodyspikeoutofhiseye,threwitaway,andhiswildhandswentgroping;thenhesetupahowlforCyclopeswholivedincavesonwindypeaksnearby.Someheardhim;andtheycamebydiverswaystoclumparoundoutsideandcall:

'Whatailsyou,Polyphemus?Whydoyoucrysosoreinthestarrynight?Youwillnotletussleep.Surenoman'sdrivingoffyourflock?Nomanhastrickedyou,ruinedyou?'

Ac0onVerbs:

PutastarnexttothreeacEonverbsthathelpwithvividdescripEons.

!ReactChooseoneofthefollowingwordstodescribeOdysseus.Thengiveoneexampletoproveyourpoint.‐‐Smart‐‐Arrogant‐‐Selfish‐‐Responsible

Odysseusprovesheis_________________whenhe__________________________________________________________________________________________

15


LiteraryElements

1.UnderlinethesentencethatdescribestheCyclopsstrength.

2.CirclethedescripEvepassagethatmakesgooduseofimageryandsimiles.

3.SimilesOdysseus'companionsarecomparedtosquirming_________.

TheCyclopscruncheslikeamountain________.

'WearefromTroy,Achaeans,blownoffcoursebyshiOinggalesontheGreatSouthSea;homewardbound,buttakingroutesandwaysuncommon;sothewillofZeuswouldhaveit.WeservedunderAgamemnon,sonofAtreus‐‐thewholeworldknowswhatcityhelaidwaste,whatarmieshedestroyed.Itwasourlucktocomehere;herewestand,beholdenforyourhelp,oranygiOsyougive‐‐ascustomistohonorstrangers.Wewouldentreatyou,greatSir,haveacareforthegods'courtesy;Zeuswillavengetheunoffendingguest.'

Heansweredthis

fromhisbrutechest,unmoved: 'Youareaninnyorelseyoucomefromtheotherendofnowhere,tellingme,mindthegods!WeCyclopescarenotawhistleforyourthunderingZeusorallthegodsinbliss;wehavemoreforcebyfar.IwouldnotletyougoforfearofZeus‐‐youoryourfriends‐‐unlessIhadawhimto.Tellme,wherewasit,now,youleOyourship‐‐aroundthepoint,ordowntheshore,Iwonder?'

Hethoughthe'dfindout,butIsawthroughthis,andansweredwithareadylie:

'Myship?PoseidonLord,whosetstheearthatremble,brokeitupontherocksatyourland'send.Awindfromseawardservedhim,droveusthere.Wearesurvivors,thesegoodmenandI.'

Neitherreplynorpitycamefromhim,butinonestrideheclutchedatmycompanionsandcaughttwoinhishandslikesquirmingpuppiestobeattheirbrainsout,spaLeringthefloor.Thenhedismemberedthemandmadehismeal,gapingandcrunchinglikeamountainlion—everything:innards,flesh,andmarrowbones.Wecriedaloud,liOingourhandstoZeus,powerless,lookingonatthis,appalled;

WordstoKnow!Boughs‐‐(n)treebranchesGales‐‐(n)strongwindsWhim‐‐(n)asuddenfeelingthatyouwouldliketodosomething,especiallywhenthereisnoimportantreasonforitMarrow‐‐(n)thesoOsubstanceinthehallowcenterofbones

12


Ateveningcametheshepherdwithhisflock,hiswoollyflock.Theramsaswell,thisEme,enteredthecave:bysomesheepherdingwhim‐‐oragod'sbidding‐‐nonewereleOoutside.HeheOedhisgreatboulderintoplaceandsathimdowntomilkthebleaEngewesinproperorder,putthelambstosuck,andswiOlyranthroughallhiseveningchores.Thenhecaughttwomoremenandfeastedonthem.Mymomentwasathand,andIwentforwardholdinganivybowlofmydarkdrink,lookingup,saying:

'Cyclops,trysomewine.Here'sliquortowashdownyourscrapsofmen.Tasteit,andseethekindofdrinkwecarriedunderourplanks.Imeantitforanofferingifyouwouldhelpushome.Butyouaremad,unbearable,abloodymonster!AOerthis,willanyothertravelercometoseeyou?’

Heseizedanddrainedthebowl,anditwentdownsofieryandsmoothhecalledformore:

'Givemeanother,thankyoukindly.Tellme,howareyoucalled?I'llmakeagiOwillpleaseyou.EvenCyclopesknowthewinegrapesgrowoutofgrasslandandloaminheaven'srain,buthere'sabitofnectarandambrosia!'

ThreebowlsIbroughthim,andhepouredthemdown.Isawthefuddleandflushcomeoverhim,thenIsangoutincordialtones:

'Cyclops,youaskmyhonorablename?RememberthegiOyoupromisedme,andIshalltellyou.MynameisNobody:mother,father,andfriends,everyonecallsmeNobody.'

Andhesaid:'Nobody'smymeat,then,aOerIeathisfriends.Otherscomefirst.There'sanoblegiO,now.'Evenashespoke,hereeledandtumbledbackward,hisgreatheadlollingtooneside;andsleeptookhimlikeanycreature.Drunk,hiccupping,hedribbledstreamsofliquorandbitsofmen.

ComprehensionFocus

SequenceofEventsSequenceistheorderinwhicheventshappen.Tofindthesequenceofevents:

→Trytoremembertheorderinwhicheventstakeplace.

→LookforEmes,dates,andsignalwordssuchasfirst,then,earlier,now,andfinally.

→Whenyouknowtheorder,checkitagain.Makesureitmakessense.

Foreshadowing

WhydoesHomersaythatalltheramscameinsidethecaveperhapsby"agod'sbidding"?Whatcouldthismeanforthemen'sfuture?

Circlethreesignalwordsthatindicatethesequenceofevents.

WordstoKnow!whey‐‐(n)thewateryliquidthatisleOaOerthesolidparthasbeenremovedfromsourmilk,whenmakingcheeseponderous‐‐(adj)bigandheavydispatched‐‐(v)finishedprofusion‐‐(n)alargesupplyambrosia‐‐(n)foodeatenbythegods 14


OutofthecavethemammothPolyphemusroaredinanswer:'Nobody,Nobody'strickedme.Nobody'sruinedme!'

Tothisroughshouttheymadeasagereply:

‘Ahwell,ifnobodyhasplayedyoufoulThereinyourlonelybed,wearenouseinpainGivenbygreatZeus.Letitbeyourfather,PoseidonLord,towhomyoupray.’

Sosayingtheytrailedaway.AndIwasfilledwithlaughtertoseehowlikeacharmthenamedeceivedthem.NowCyclops,wheezingasthepaincameonhimfumbledtowrenchawaythegreatdoorstoneandsquaLedinthebreachwitharmsthrownwideforanysillybeastormanwhobolted—hopingsomehowImightbesuchafool.ButIkeptthinkinghowtowinthegame:deathsattherehuge;howcouldweslipaway?Idrewonallmywits,andranthroughtacEcs,reasoningasamanwillfordearlife,unElatrickcame‐anditpleasedmewell.TheCyclops'sramswerehandsome,fat,withheavyfleeces,adarkviolet.

ThreeabreastIEedthemsilentlytogether,twiningcordsofwillowfromtheogre'sbed;thenslungamanundereachmiddleonetoridetheresafely,shieldedleOandright.Sothreesheepcouldconveyeachman.Itookthewoolietram,thechoicestoftheflock,andhungmyselfunderhiskinkybelly,pulledupEght,withfingerstwisteddeepinsheepskinringletsforanirongrip.So,breathinghard,wewaitedunElmorning.

'Sweetcousinram,whylagbehindtherestinthenightcave?Youneverlingerso,butgrazebeforethemall,andgoafartocropsweetgrass,andtakeyourstatelywayleadinalongthestreams,unElateveningyouruntobethefirstoneinthefold.Why,now,sofarbehind?CanyoubegrievingoveryourMaster'seye?Thecarrionrogueandhisaccurstcompanionsburntitoutwhenhehadconqueredallmywitswithwine.Nobodywillgetoutalive,Iswear.

ConflictWritethreereasonswhytheCyclopsispunishedsoharshly.1._____________________

2._____________________

3._____________________

AHistoricalLook

Lookattheconflictsyouwroteabove.WhatthreethingsdoyouthinktheancientGreeksvalued?1.Hospi______________

2.Respectfortheg_______

3.Communi_______

ImageryUnderlineoneexampleofvisualimagery(sight)

andoneexampleofauditoryimagery(hearing).

16

CLAStandards:LiteraryResponseandAnalysis3.3,3.6,3.7,and3.12

Characteriza*onChoosetwowordsthatdescribeOdysseusinthissecAon.a)angry c)pridefulb)jealous d)fearful

!React

Inyouropinion,wasitagoodideaforOdysseustoyelloutandteasetheCyclops?Whyorwhynot?

THECYCLOPScon*nued...toridetheresafely,shieldedleGandright.Sothreesheepcouldconveyeachman.Itookthewoolliestram,thechoicestoftheflock,andhungmyselfunderhiskinkybelly,pulledupAght,withfingerstwisteddeepinsheepskinringletsforanirongrip.So,breathinghard,wewaitedunAlmorning.

WhenDawnspreadoutherfingerApsofrosetheramsbegantosAr,movingforpasture,andpealsofbleaAngechoedroundthepenswheredamswithuddersfullcalledforamilking.Blinded,andsickwithpainfromhisheadwound,themasterstrokedeachram,thenletitpass,butmymenridingonthepectoralfleecethegiant'sblindhandsblunderingneverfound.Lastofthemallmyram,theleader,came,weightedbywoolandmewithmymeditaAons.TheCyclopspaSedhim,andthenhesaid:

'Sweetcousinram,whylagbehindtherestinthenightcave?Youneverlingerso,butgrazebeforethemall,andgoafartocropsweetgrass,andtakeyourstatelywayleadingalongthestreams,unAlateveningyouruntobethefirstoneinthefold.Why,now,sofarbehind?CanyoubegrievingoveryourMaster'seye?Thatcarrionrogueandhisaccurstcompanionsburntitoutwhenhehadconqueredallmywitswithwine.Nohbdywillnotgetoutalive,Iswear.

Oh,hadyoubrainandvoicetotellwherehemaybenow,dodgingallmyfury!Bashedbythishandandbashedonthisrockwallhisbrainswouldstrewthefloor,andIshouldhaverestfromtheoutrageNohbdyworkeduponme.’

Hesentusintotheopen,then.Closeby,Idroppedandrolledclearoftheram'sbelly,goingthiswayandthattounAethemen.Withmanyglancesback,weroundeduphisfat,sAff‐leggedsheeptotakeaboard,anddrovethemdowntowherethegoodshiplay.Wesaw,aswecamenear,ourfellows'facesshining;thenwesawthemturntogrieftallyingthosewhohadnotfledfromdeath.

Reading5:TheOdyssey

17


Atthishegaveamightysobandrumbled:

'Nowcomestheweirduponme,spokenofold.Awizard,grandandwondrous,livedhere‐‐Telemus,asonofEurymus;greatlengthofdayshehadinwizardryamongtheCyclopes,andthesethingsheforetoldforAmetocome:

mygreateyelost,andatOdysseus'hands.AlwaysIhadinmindsomegiant,armedingiantforce,wouldcomeagainstmehere.Butthis,butyou‐‐small,piAful,andtwiggy‐‐youputmedownwithwine,youblindedme.ComebackOdysseus,andI'lltreatyouwell,prayingthegodofearthquaketobefriendyou—hissonIam,forhebyhisavowalfatheredme,and,ifhewill,hemayhealmeofthisblackwound‐heandnootherofallthehappygodsormortalmen.'

FewwordsIshoutedinreplytohim:'IfIcouldtakeyourlifeIwouldandtakeyourAmeaway,andhurlyoudowntohell!Thegodofearthquakecouldnothealyouthere!'

Atthishestretchedhishandsoutinhisdarknesstowardtheskyofstars,andprayedPoseidon:'0hearme,lord,bluegirdleroftheislands,ifIamthineindeed,andthouartfather:grantthatOdysseus,raiderofciAes,neverseehishome:Laertes'son,Imean,whokepthishallonIthaca.ShoulddesAnyintendthatheshallseehisroofagainamonghisfamilyinhisfatherland,farbethatday,anddarktheyearsbetween.Lethimloseallcompanions,andreturnunderstrangesailtobiSerdaysathome.'..."

VerbalIronyiswhenacharactersaysonethingbutmeansanother.

Staroneexampleofverbalirony.

!ReactWhodoyouthinkisthemostprideful,OdysseusorPolyphemus?Why?

19


Characteriza*onPutastarnexttoastanzathatshowsOdysseus'pride.

ExternalConflicts

1.Writetwoexternalconflictsthatoccurinthesetwopages.a._____________________

______________________

b._____________________

______________________

Ihushedthem,...andinalowvoicetoldthem:'Loadthisherd;movefast,andputtheship'sheadtowardthebreakers:Theyallpitchedinatloading,thenembarkedandstrucktheiroarsintothesea.Farout,asfaroffshoreasshoutedwordswouldcarry,Isentafewbacktotheadversary:

'0Cyclops!Wouldyoufeastonmycompanions?Puny,amI,inaCaveman'shands?HowdoyoulikethebeaAngthatwegaveyou,youdamnedcannibal?Eaterofguestsunderyourroof!Zeusandthegodshavepaidyou!'

TheblindthinginhisdoubledfurybrokeahilltopinhishandsandheaveditaGerus.Aheadofourblackprowitstruckandsankwhelmedinaspuminggeyser,agiantwavethatwashedtheshipsternforemostbacktoshore.Igotthelongestboathookoutandstoodfendingusoff,withfuriousnodstoalltoputtheirbacksintoaracingstroke‐‐row,roworperish.Sothelongoarsbentkickingthefoamsternward,makingheadunAlwedrewaway,andtwiceasfar.

NowwhenIcuppedmyhandsIheardthecrewinlowvoicesprotesAng:‘Whybaitthebeastagain?Lethimalone!ThatAdalwavehemadeonthefirstthrowallbutbeachedus.'

'Allbutstoveusin!'

'GivehimourbearingwithyourtrumpeAng,he'llgettherangeandloboaboulder.' 'AyeHe'llsmashourAmbersandourheadstogether!'Iwouldnotheedtheminmygloryingspirit,butletmyangerflareandyelled: 'Cyclops,ifevermortalmaninquirehowyouwereputtoshameandblinded,tellhimOdysseus,raiderofciAes,tookyoureye:Laertes'son,whosehome'sonIthaca!'

MakeaPredic*onWhatmighthappenasaresultofOdysseusrevealinghisrealname?

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

18


BigIdea:WhatdoesCircewarnOdysseusabout?__________________________________________________________________

!ReactOdyssyeusandhiscrewmustfacetheSirens,Scylla,Charibdys,[email protected]?Why?

Wordstoknow!Harpies‐‐(n)monsterswhoarehalfbirdandhalfwomanandaregreedyforvicJmswhelp's‐‐(n)puppy'sserried‐‐(adj)crowdedtogether;denselypackedperilous‐‐(adj)dangerous

StudentObjecJves:‐‐Totracesequencialdevelopment‐‐Tounderstandhowcharacters'mo8va8onsaffectplot‐‐Torecognizefigura8velanguageandimagery‐‐Toanalyzehowhistoricalissuesinfluenceliterature

(FromBook10)

THESIRENS;SCYLLAANDCHARYBDIS

OdysseusandhismenreturntoCirce'sisland,whereCircewarnshimoftheperilsthatawaithim.ThefollowingpassageistoldbyOdysseus,s<llspeakingatAlcinous’court.Heisquo<ngCirce.

"'Listenwithcaretothis,now,andagodwillarmyourmind.Squareinyourship'spathareSirens,cryingBeautytobewitchmencoas8ngby;woetotheinnocentwhohearsthatsound!Hewillnotseehisladynorhischildreninjoy,crowdingabouthim,homefromsea;theSirenswillsinghismindawayontheirsweetmeadowlolling.TherearebonesofdeadmenroXnginapilebesidethemandflayedskinsshrivelaroundthespot.

Steerwide;keepwelltoseaward;plugyouroarsmen'searswithbeeswaxkneadedsoZ;noneoftherestshouldhearthatsong.

Butifyouwishtolisten,letthemen8eyouinthelugger,handandfoot,backtothemast,lashedtothemast,soyoumayhearthoseHarpiesthrillingvoices;shoutasyouwill,beggingtobeun8ed,yourcrewmustonlytwistmorelinearoundyouandkeeptheirstrokeup,8llthesingersfade....'''

Reading6:TheOdyssey

21


Thelthacanssetoff.OdysseusdoesnottellhismenofCirce'slastprophecy‐thathewillbetheonlysurvivoroftheirlongjourney.S<llspeakingtoAlcinous'court,Odysseuscon<nueshistale.

"Thecrewbeingnowsilentbeforeme,Iaddressedthem,soreatheart:'Dearfriends,morethanoneman,ortwo,shouldknowthosethingsCirceforesawforusandsharedwithme,soletmetellherforecast:thenwediewithoureyesopen,ifwearegoingtodie,orknowwhatdeathwebaffleifwecan.Sirensweavingahaun8ngsongovertheseawearetoshun,shesaid,andtheirgreenshoreallsweetwithclover;yetsheurgedthatIaloneshouldlistentotheirsong.'Therefore

youareto8emeup,8ghtasasplint,erectalongthemast,lashedtothemast,andifIshoutandbegtobeun8ed,takemoreturnsoftheropetomuffleme.”

Iratherdweltonthispartoftheforecast,whileourgoodshipmade8me,boundoutwarddownthewindforthestrangeislandofSirens.Thenallatoncethewindfell,andacalmcameoverallthesea,asthoughsomepowerlulledtheswell.

Thecrew,wereontheirfeetbriskly,tofurlthesail,andstowit;then,eachinplace,theypoisedthesmoothoarbladesandsentthewhitefoamscuddingby.Icarvedamassivecakeofbeeswaxintobitsandrolledtheminmyhandsun8ltheysoZened‐‐

nolongtask,foraburningheatcamedownfromHelios,lordofhighnoon.GoingforwardIcarriedwaxalongtheline,andlaiditthickontheirears.They8edmeup,theplumbamidships,backtothemast,lashedtothemast,andtookthemselvesagaintorowing.Soonaswecamesmartlywithinhailingdistance,thetwoSirens,no8ngourfastshipofftheirpoint,madeready,theysang....

AcJveReading:

PutastarwhereOdysseususesapastexampletogivethecrewhopeforthefuture.

!ReactDoyouagreewithOdysseus'decisiontonottellhiscrewmembersthattheywilldieandneverseetheirhomelandagain?Whyorwhynot?

22


NowIsaybyhookorcrookthisperiltooshallbesomethingthatweremember.Headsup,lads!WemustobeytheordersasIgivethem.GettheoarshaZsinyourhands,andliebackhardonyourbenches;hitthesebreakingseas.Zeushelpuspullawaybeforewefounder.

Youatthe8ller,listen,andtakeinallthatIsay‐‐theruddersareyourduty;keepheroutofthecombersandthesmoke;steerforthatheadland;watchthedriZorwefetchupinthesmother,andyoudrownus.'

Thatwasall,anditbroughtthemroundtoac8on.ButasIsentthemontowardScylla,Itoldthemnothing,astheycoulddonothing.Theywouldhavedroppedtheiroarsagain,inpanic,torollforcoverunderthedecking.Circe'sbiddingagainstarms‐hadslippedmymind,soI8edonmycuirassandtookuptwoheavyspears,thenmademywayalongtotheforedeck—thinkingtoseeherfirstfromthere,

themonsterofthegrayrock,harboringtomentformyfriends.Istrainedmyeyesuponthatcliffsideveiledincloud,butnowherecouldIcatchsightofher.

Andallthis8me,Intravial,sobbing,gainingonthecurrent,werowedintothestrait‐‐ScyllatoportandonourstarboardbeamCharybdis,diregorgeofthesaltsea8de.Byheaven!whenshevomited,alltheseawaslikeacaldronseethingoverintensefire,whenthemixturesuddenlyheavesandrises.

Theshotspumesoaredtothelandsideheights,andfelllikerain.

Similes:

Putastarnexttotwostanzasthatuseasimile.

Nowfillintheblanks:a.Charybdisvomitedlikea_____________.

b.ThewaterfromCharybdisfelllike_____________.

!ReactIfthecrewwereallgoingtodieanyways,whatisOdysseus'mo8va8onforhavingthemcon8nueonthisjourney?Inyouropinion,isagoodreasontokeeptheirfatesasecret?

23


Characters/SeUng

1.UnderlinethereasonwhyOdysseusputswaxinhismen'sears.

2.WritewhydoesCircetellOdysseustohavehismen8ehimtothemast.___________________________________

3.InordertohaveHomer'saudienceimagineamonstertheyhaveneverscene,hecomparesScyllatothreeanimals.Filllintheblanks.

Sycllahasthecryofa__________,thelegsofan_________________thenecksof_________________andthe__________ofananimallikeashark

‐

Thenextperilliesbetweentwoheadlands.Circecon<nuesherwarning.

“'...ThatisthedenofScylla,wheresheyaps,abominably,anewbornwhelp’scry,thoughsheishugeandmonstrous.Godorman,noonecouldlookonherinjoy.Herlegs‐andtherearetwelve‐‐likegreattentacles,unjointed,anduponherserpentnecksarebornesixheadslikenightmaresofferocity,withtripleserriedrowsoffananddeepgulletsofblackdeath.Halfherlength,sheswaysherheadsinair,outsideherhorridcleZ,hun8ngtheseaaroundthatpromontoryfordolphins,dogfish,orwhatbiggergamethunderingAmphitritefeedsinthousands.Andnoship'scompanycanclaimtohavepassedherwithoutlossandgrief;shetakes,fromeveryship,onemanforeverygullet.

Theoppositepointseemsmoreatongueoflandyou'dtouchwithagoodbowshot,atthenarrows.Agreatwildfig,ashaggymassofleaves,growsonit,andCharybdisbelowtoswallowdownthedarksea8de.Three8mesfromdawntoduskshespewsitupandsucksitdownagainthree8mes,awhirlingmaelstrom;ifyoucomeuponherthenthegodwhomakesearthtremblecouldnotsaveyou.No,hugthecliffofScylla,takeyourshipthroughonaracingstroke.Bekertomournsixmenthanlosethemall,andtheship,too....

ThenyouwillcoastThrinakia,theislandwhereHelios'scaklegraze,fineherds,andflocksofgoodlysheep.Theherdsandflocksareseven,withfiZybeastsineach.Nolambsaredropped,orcalves,andthesefatcakleneverdie....

NOWgivethosekineawideberth,keepyourthoughtsintentuponyourcourseforhome,andhardseafaringbringsyoualltoIthaca.Butifyouraidthebeeves,Iseedestruc8onforshipandcrew...:"

24


Thelovelyvoicesinardorappealingoverthewatermademecravetolisten,andItriedtosay'Un8eme!'tothecrew,jerkingmybrows;buttheybentsteadytotheoars.ThenPerimedesgottohisfeet,heandEurylochus,andpassedmorelineabout,toholdmes8ll.Soallrowedon,un8ltheSirensdroppedunderthesearim,andtheirsingingdwindledaway.

MyfaithfulcompanyRestedontheiroarsnow,peelingoffthewaxthatIhadlaidthickontheirears;Thensetmefree

ButscarcelyhadthatislandfadedinblueairwhenIsawsmokeandwhitewater,withsoundofwavesintumult—asoundthemenheard,anditterrifiedthem.

Oarsflewfromtheirhands;thebladeswentknockingwildalongside8lltheshiplostway,withnooarbladestodriveherthroughthewater.Well,Iwalkedupanddownfrombowtostern,tryingtoputheartintothem,standingovereveryoarsman,sayinggently,

'Friends,haveweneverbeenindangerbeforethis?Morefearsome,isitnow,thanwhentheCyclopspennedusinhiscave?Whatpowerhehad!DidInotkeepmynerve,andusemywitstofindawayoutforus?

ComprehensionFocus



→Lookfor8mes,dates,andsignalwordssuchasfirst,then,earlier,now,andfinally.


IronyDramaJcironyiswhentheaudienceknowssomethingthatacharacterdoesnot.

1.Underlineoneexampleofdrama8cirony.

Circlethreesignalwordsthatindicatethesequenceofevents.

OdysseusandtheSirens(c.490B.C.)

Labelthefollowingboa8ngtermsonthepicturetotheleZ:‐mast‐sail‐oar‐bow‐stern‐decking

25


Butwhensheswallowedtheseawaterdownwesawthefunnelofthemaelstrom,heardtherockbellowingallaround,anddarksandragedonthebokomfarbelow.Mymenallblanchedagainstthegloom,oureyeswerefixeduponthatyawningmouthinfearofbeingdevoured.

ThenScyllamadeherstrike,whiskingsixofmybestmenfromtheship.IhappenedtoglanceaZatshipandoarsmenandcaughtsightoftheirarmsandlegs,danglinghighoverhead.Voicescamedowntomeinanguish,callingmynameforthelast8me.

Amansurf‐cas8ngonapointofrockformassormackerel,whippinghislongrodtodropthesinkerandthebaitfarout,willhookafishandripitfromthesurfacetodanglewrigglingthroughtheair;sothesewerebornealoZinspasmstowardthecliff.

Sheatethemastheyshriekedthere,inherden,Inthediregrapple:reachings8llforme‐anddeathlypityranmethroughatthatsight‐‐fartheworstIeversufferedques8ngthepassesofthestrangesea.

Werowedon.TheRockswerenowbehind;Charybdis,too,andScylladroppedastern.

Thenwewerecoas8ngthenobleislandofthegod,wheregrazedthosecaklewithwidebrows,andbounteousflocks,ofHelios,lordofnoon,whorideshighheaven.

Fromtheblackship,fars8llatsea,Iheardthelowingofthecaklewindinghomeandsheepblea8ng;andheard,too,inmyheartthewordsofblindTeiresiasofThebesandCirceofAeaea:bothforbademetheislandoftheworld'sdelight,theSun...(fromBook12)

CircleLinkingWordsCircletwolinkingwordsorphrasesthatindicatesequence.

FiguraJveLanguage

PersonificaJonisgivinglivingquali8estosomethingnonl‐iving.

AppealingtotheancientGreeks'senseofadventure,Homerdescribesordinaryelementsofnatureasextraordinarymonsters.

Scyllaisreallya__________.

Charybdisisreallya_______________________.

ImageryUnderlinefiveac8onverbsthatgivelivingquali8estonon‐livingthings.

26

CLA Standard: Literature Response and Analysis 3.3, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.12

BigIdea:HowwillPenelopedeterminewhodeservestobeherhusband?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

!ReactDoyouagreewithPenelope'sdecisiontoremarry?Whyorwhynot?

Wordstoknow!proposes(v)‐‐makesaformalsugges@onfeat(n)‐‐somethingthatrequiresgreatskillhalted(v)‐‐stoppedrasping(adj)‐‐anunpleasantroughnoisevaunt(n)‐‐boast

StudentObjecCves:‐‐Totracesequen@aldevelopment‐‐Tounderstandhowcharacters'mo@va@onsaffectplot‐‐Torecognizefigura@velanguageandimagery‐‐Toanalyzehowhistoricalissuesinfluenceliterature

(FromBook21)

THETESTOFTHEGREATBOW

InBook21,Penelope,likemanyunwillingprincessesofmyth,fairytale,andlegend,proposesanimpossibletaskforthosewhowishtomarryher.Bysodoing,shecausesthebloodyeventsthatleadtotherestora@onofherhusband.ThetestinvolvesstringingOdysseus'hugebow,animpossiblefeatforanyoneexceptOdysseushimself.OdysseushadleXhisbowhomeinIthacatwentyyearsearlier.

Nowthequeenreachedthestoreroomdoorandhalted.Herewasanoakensill,cutlongagoandsandedcleanandbeddedtrue.Foursquarethedoorjambsandtheshiningdoorsweresetbythecarefulbuilder.Penelopeun@edthestraparoundthecurvinghandle,pushedherhookintotheslit,aimedattheboltsinside,andshotthemback.Thencamearaspingsoundasthosebrightdoorsthekeyhadsprunggaveway‐‐abellowlikeabull'svauntinameadow‐‐followedbyherlightfooZallenteringovertheplankfloor.Herb‐scentedrobeslaythereinchests,butthelady'smilk‐whitearmswentuptoliXthebowdownfromapeginitsownpolishedbowcase.

Reading7:TheOdyssey

29


Manyofthesuitorsboldlytrythebow;butnotamancanevenbenditenoughtostringit.TwomenhadmeanwhileleXthehall:swineherdandcowherd,incompanionship,onedowncastastheother.ButOdysseusfollowedthemoutdoors,outsidethecourt,andcomingupsaidgently:"You,herdsman,andyou,too,swineherd,Icouldsayathingtoyou,orshouldIkeepitdark?No,no;speak,hearttellsme.WouldyoubemenenoughtostandbyOdysseusifhecameback?Supposehedroppedoutofaclearsky,asIdid?Supposesomegodshouldbringhim?Wouldyoubeararmsforhim,orforthesuitors?"

Thecowherdsaid:"Ah,letthemastercome!FatherZeus,grantouroldwish!SomecourierGuidehimback!ThenjudgewhatstuffisinmeAndhowImanagearms!"LikewiseEumaeusfelltoprayingallheavenforhisreturn,SothatOdysseus,sureatleastofthese,toldthem:

"Iamathome,forIamhe.IboreadversiCes,[email protected],aloneamongmypeople,longedformycoming.PrayersIneverheardexceptyourownthatImightcomeagain.

SonowwhatisinstoreforyouI'lltellyou:IfZeusbringsdownthesuitorsbymyhandIpromisemarriagestoboth,andcacle,andhousesbuiltnearmine.Andyoushallbebrothers‐in‐armsofmyTelemachus.Here,letmeshowyousomethingelse,asignthatIamhe,thatyoucantrustme,look:thisoldscarfromthetuskwoundthatIgotboarhun@ngonParnassus‐‐..."

ShiXinghisragshebaredthelonggash.Bothmenlooked,andknewandthrewtheirarmsaroundtheoldsoldier,weeping,kissinghisheadandshoulders.Heaswell

AcCveReading:PutastarwhereOdysseusrewardsloyalty.

!ReactDoyouexpectpeopletobehavethesamewayinfrontofyouastheydobehindyourback?Whyorwhynot?

WordstoKnow:bore(v)‐‐pasttenseof"bear"‐‐tobravelyacceptabadsituaConboar(n)‐‐awildpig

Whataretwootherhomonymsfor"bore"?31


AndOdysseustookhis@me,turningthebow,tappingit,everyinch,forboringsthattermitesmighthavemadewhilethemasteroftheweaponwasabroad.Thesuitorswerenowwatchinghim,andsomejestedamongthemselves:

"Abowlover!" “Dealerinoldbows!”

“Maybehehasonelikeitathome!""Orhasanitchtomakeoneforhimself."

"Seehowhehandlesit,theslyoldbuzzard!"

Andonedisdainfulsuitoraddedthis:"Mayhisfortunegrowaninchforeveryinchhebendsit!"

Butthemanskilledinallwaysofcontending,sa@sfiedbythegreatbow'slookandheX,likeamusician,likeaharper,whenwithquiethanduponhisinstrumenthedrawsbetweenhisthumbandforefingerasweetnewstringuponapeg,soeffortlesslyOdysseusinonemo@onstrungthebow.

Thenslidhisrighthanddownthecordandpluckedit,sothetautgutvibra@nghummedandsangaswallow'snote.

Inthehushedhallitsmotethesuitorsandalltheirfaceschanged.ThenZeusthunderedoverhead,oneloudcrackforasign.AndOdysseuslaughedwithinhimthatthesonofcrooked‐mindedCronushadflungthatomendown.Hepickedonereadyarrowfromhistablewhereitlaybare:

Similes:Putastarnexttothetwostanzasthatuseasimile.

Nowfillintheblanks:a.Odysseusstrungthebowlikea_________playsa_____________.b.Thestringvibratedandsoundedlikea_________.

!ReactIfyouwerethesuitors,howwouldyoufeelatthispointinthestory?Why?Iwould___________________because______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________**NOTICEthecompletesentence33


Characters/SeSng

1.Underlinevisual(sight),auditory(sound),andolfactory(smell)imagery.

2.WritetwopossiblereasonswhyPenelopeproposedthisfeat.a.__________________

b.__________________

3.Thisstorytakesplacealmost3,000yearsagoinGreece.Giventheselng(@meandplace)ofthisepic,whywouldPenelopehavetoremarryifshedidnotwantto?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

‐

NowPenelopesankdown,holdingtheweapononherknees,anddrewherhusband'sgreatbowout,andsobbedandbitherlipandletthesalttearsflow.Thenbackshewenttofacethecrowdedhalltremendousbowinhand,andonhershoulderhungthequiverspikedwithcoughingdeath.Behind,hermaidsboreabasketfullofaxheads,bronzeandironimplementsforthemaster'sgame.Thusinherbeautysheapproachedthesuitors,andnearapillarofthesolidroofshepaused,hershiningveilacrosshercheeks,hermaidsoneitherhandands@ll,thenspoketothebanqueters:

"Mylords,hearme:suitorsindeed,yourecommendedthishousetofeastanddrinkin,dayandnight,myhusbandbeinglonggone,longoutofmind.Youfoundnojus@fica@onforyourselves‐noneexceptyourlusttomarryme.Standup,then:wenowdeclareacontestforthatprize.HereismylordOdysseus'[email protected]‐helvesockets,twelveinline?Ijoinmylifewithhis,andleavethisplace,myhome,myrichandbeau@fulbridalhouse,forevertoberemembered,thoughIdreamitonly."...

Wordstoknow!quiver(n)‐‐alongcaseforarrowsimplement(n)‐‐atoolsuitor(n)‐‐amanwhowantstomarryacertainwomanjusCficaCon(n)‐‐agoodreasonfordoingsomething

30


tookeachman'sheadandhandstokiss,thensaid‐‐tocutitshort,elsetheymightweep@lldark‐‐"Breakoff,nomoreofthis.Anyoneatthedoorcouldseeandtellthem.DriXbackin,butseparatelyatintervalsaXerme.

Nowlistentoyourorders:whenthe@mecomes,thosegentlemen,toaman,willbedeadagainstgivingmeboworquiver.Defythem.Eumaeus,bringthebowandputitinmyhandsthereatthedoor.Tellthewomentolocktheirowndoor@ght.Tellthemifsomeonehearstheshockofarmsorgroansofmen,inhallorcourt,notonemustshowherface,[email protected],runtotheoutergateandlockit.Throwthecrossbarandlashit."...

NowOdysseus,s@llinhisbeggar'sclothes,askstotrythebow.Thesuitorsrefusetoallowamerebeggartotrywheretheyhavefailed,butPenelopeinsiststhatthestrangerbegivenhischance.Thesuspenseisverygreat‐‐bythisact,Penelopehasacceptedherhusbandasasuitor.

Eumaeus,theswineherd,handsOdysseusthebowandtellsthenursetore@rewithPenelopeandthemaidstothefamilychambers(theharem)andtoboltthedoors.OdysseushadearliertoldTelemachustoremovethesuitors'weaponsfromthegreatball.

ComprehensionFocus



→Lookfor@mes,dates,andsignalwordssuchasfirst,then,earlier,now,andfinally.


1 3

IronyDramaCcironyiswhentheaudienceknowssomethingthatacharacterdoesnot.

1.Underlineoneexampleofdrama@cirony.

2

4 5 6

OdysseussharesastepbystepplantoprepareforbaXle.Fillinthischarttooutlinethesequenceofevents.

SequenceofEvents

32


therestwerewai@ngs@llinthequiverfortheyoungmen'sturntocome.Heknockedit,letitrestacrossthehandgrip,anddrewthestringandgroovedbucofthearrow,aimingfromwherehesatuponthestool.

Nowflashedarrowfromtwangingbowcleanasawhistlethrougheverysocketring,andgrazednotone,tothudwithheavybrazenheadbeyond.

ThenquietlyOdysseussaid:"Telemachus,thestrangeryouwelcomedinyourhallhasnotdisgracedyou.Ididnotmiss,neitherdidItakealldaystringingthebow.Myhandandeyearesound,notsocontemp@bleastheyoungmensay.Thehourhascometocooktheirlordships’mucon—Supperbydaylight.Otheramusementslater;withsongandharpingthatadornafeast.”

Hedroppedhiseyesandnodded,andtheprinceTelemachus,truesonofOdysseus,Beltedhisswordon,clappedhandtohisspear;AndwithaclinkandglicerofkeenbronzeStoodbyhischair;intheforefrontnearhisfather.

CircleLinkingWordsCircletwolinkingwordsthatindicatesequence.

WordstoKnow:buzzard(n)‐‐typeoflargebirdthateatsdeadanimalsdisdainful(adj)‐‐showingdisrespectbecauseyouthinksomeoneorsomethingisnotimportantcontending(v)‐‐compeCngomen(n)‐‐signthatsomethingwillhappeninthefuture

34

CLAStandard:LiteraryResponseandAnalysis3.2,3.3,3.7

BigIdea:WhyisOdysseussoangry?_____________________________________________________________________________________

!ReactComparetheexpositoryparagraphatthetopofthepagetothepoetrybelow.WhichismoreexciAngtoyou?Why?

Wordstoknow!tramp(n)‐‐someonewithoutahomerevelry(n)‐‐merrymaking;fesFvityrunnels(n)‐‐streams

SynonymsOnesynonymfor"tramp"is"vagabond."Canyouthinkoftwomoresynonyms?Writethembelow:a._________________ b.____________________

(FromBook22)

DEATHATTHEPALACE

Theclimaxofthestoryishere,inBook22.OdysseusisreadytoreclaimhisrighQulkingdom.ButfirsthemustdealwithmorethanahundredyoungandhosAlesuitors.ThefirstoneheturnstoisAnFnous.Allthroughthestory,AnFnoushasbeenthemeanestofthesuitorsandtheirringleader.HehitOdysseuswithastoolwhentheheroappearedinthehallasabegger;andheridiculedthedisguisedkingbycallinghimablearyvagabond,apest,andatramp.

Nowshruggingoffhisragsthewiliestfighteroftheislandsleaptandstoodonthebroaddoorsill,hisownbowinhishand.Hepouredoutathisfeetarainofarrowsfromthequiverandspoketothecrowd:"Somuchforthat.Yourclean‐cutgameisover.Nowwatchmehitatargetthatnomanhashitbefore,ifIcanmakethisshot.Helpme,Apollo."

HedrewtohisfistthecruelheadofanarrowforAnFnousjustastheyoungmanleanedtoliZhisbeauFfuldrinkingcup,embossed,two‐handled,golden:thecupwasinhisfingers,thewinewasevenathislips,anddidhedreamofdeath?Howcouldhe?Inthatrevelryamidhisthrongoffriendswhowouldimagineasinglefoe‐‐thoughastrongfoeindeed‐‐coulddaretobringdeath'spainonhimanddarknessonhiseyes?

Odysseus'arrowhithimunderthechinandpuncheduptothefeathersthroughhisthroat.

Backwardanddownhewent,le\ngthewinecupfallfromhisshockedhand.Likepipeshisnostrilsje]edcrimsonrunnels,ariverofmortalred,andonelastkickupsethistableknockingthebreadandmeattosoakindustyblood.

Reading8:TheOdyssey

Exp

osit

ory

Par

agra

ph

P

oetr

y

35


Odysseusgloweredunderhisblackbrows"Notforthewholetreasureofyourfathersallyouenjoy,lands,flocks,oranygoldputupbyothers,wouldIholdmyhand.TherewillbekillingFllthescoreispaid.Youforcedyourselvesuponthishouse.Fightyourwayoutorrunforit,ifyouthinkyou'llescapedeath.Idoubtonemanofyouskinsby."

Telemachusjoinshisfatherinthefight.Theyarehelpedbytheswineherdandcowherd.Nowthesuitors,trappedinthehallwithoutweapons,arestruckrightandleZbyarrows,andmanyofthemliedyingonthefloor.

Atthismomentthatunmanningthundercloud,theaegis,Athena'sshield,tookformaloZinthegreathall.Andthesuitorsmadwithfearathergreatsignstampededlikestungca]lebyariverwhenthedreadshimmeringgadflystrikesinsummer,inthefloweringseason,inthelong‐drawndays.AZerthemthea]ackerswheeled,asterribleasfalconsfromeyriesinthemountainsveeringoveranddiving,downwithtalonswideunsheathedonflightsofbirds,whocowerdowntheskyinchutesandburstsalongthe,valley‐‐itbutthepouncingfalconsgriptheirprey,nofranFcwingavailsandfarmerslovetowatchthosebeakedhunters.Sothesenowfelluponthesuitorsinthathall,turning,turningtostrikeandstrikeagain,,whiletornmenmoanedatdeath,andbloodransmokingoverthewholefloor....

AcAveReading:Starthesimiles.Thesuitorsarebeingcomparedto_____________and_____________.Why?

!ReactDoyouagreewithOydessus'formofjusFce?Wouldthatworkintoday'ssociety?Whyorwhynot?

FiguraFveLanguage

1.Whoisstampedinglikestungca]le?______________________

2.Whoiswheelingasterribleasfalcons,divingdownwithtalonstogriptheirprey?______________________

37


Imagery

1.Underlinetwoexamplesofvisual(sight)imagery.

MoAve

2.WritetworeasonswhyOdysseuskillsthesuitors.a.______________

b._____________

Comprehension

3.WhydoesOdysseuschoosetoshootAnFnousintheneck?_____________________________________________because__________________________________________________________

‐

Nowastheycranedtoseetheirchampionwherehelaythesuitorsjostledinuproardownthehall,everyoneonhisfeet.Wildlytheyturnedandscannedthewallsinthelongroomforarms;butnotashield,notagoodashenspearwasthereforamantotakeandthrow.

AlltheycoulddowasyellinoutrageatOdysseus:"Foul!toshootataman!”“Thatwasyourlastshot!""Yourownthroatwillbeslitforthis!""Ourfinestladisdown!”“YoukilledthebestonIthaca!""Buzzardswilltearyoureyesout!"

Fortheyimaginedastheywished‐thatitwasawildshot,anunintendedkilling‐‐fools,nottocomprehendtheywerealreadyinthegripofdeath.

ButglaringunderhisbrowsOdysseusanswered:"Youyellowdogs,youthoughtI'dnevermakeithomefromthelandofTroy.Youtookmyhousetoplunder,twistedmymaidstoserveyourbeds.YoudaredbidformywifewhileIwassFllalive.Contemptwasallyouhadforthegodswhorulewideheaven,contemptforwhatmensayofyouhereaZer.Yourlasthourhascome.Youdieinblood."

Astheyalltookthisin,sicklygreenfearpulledattheirentrails,andtheireyesflickeredlookingforsomehatchorhideawayfromdeath.Eurymachusalonecouldspeak.Hesaid:

"IfyouareOdysseusofIthacacomeback,allthatyousaythesemenhavedoneistrue.RashacFons,manyhere,moreinthecountryside.Butherehelies,themanwhocausedthemall.AnFnouswastheringleader,hewhippedusontodothesethings.Hecaredlessforamarriagethanforthepower[Cronus]hasdeniedhimaskingofIthaca.Forthathetriedtotrapyoursonandwouldhavekilledhim.HeisdeadnowandhashisporFon.Spareyourownpeople.Asforourselves,we'llmakeresFtuFonofwineandmeatconsumed,andadd,eachone,aFtheoftwentyoxenwithgiZsofbronzeandgoldtowarmyourheart.Meanwhilewecannotblameyouforyouranger.

Wordstoknow!Jostled(v)‐‐pushedaroundespeciallyinacrowdEntrails(n)‐‐guts

PersuasiveTechniques

HowdoesEurymachustrytopersuadeOdysseusnottotakerevenge?

36


BigIdea:HowdoesPenelopetestOdysseus?__________________________________________________________________

!ReactDoyouthinkTelemachushasarighttogetmadathismother?Whyorwhynot? Wordstoknow!

wily(adj)‐‐goodatgeBngwhatyouwantbybeingclevershuns(v)‐‐avoidssomeoneorsomethingflint(n)‐‐ahardblackorgreystone

(FromBook23)ODYSSEUSANDPENELOPE

EurycleiarunstoPenelopetoannouncethereturnofOdysseusandthedefeatofthesuitors.Thefaithfulwife—theperfectmateforthewilyOdysseus—suspectsatrickfromthegodsanddecidestotestthisstrangerwhoclaimstobeherhusband.

Crossingthedoorsillshesatdownatonceinfirelightagainstthenearestwall,acrosstheroomfromthelordOdysseus.

Thereleaningagainstapillar,satthemanandneverliNeduphiseyes,butonlywaitedforwhathiswifewouldsaywhenshehadseenhim.Andshe,foralongPme,satdeathlysPllinwonderment‐‐forsomePmesasshegazedshefoundhim‐‐yes,clearly‐‐likeherhusband,butsomePmesbloodandragswereallshesaw.

Telemachus'svoicecametoherears:

"Mother,cruelmother,doyoufeelnothing,drawingyourselfapartthiswayfromFather?WillyounotsitwithhimandtalkandquesPonhim?Whatotherwomancouldremainsocold?Whoshunsherlord,andhecomebacktoherfromwarsandwandering,aNertwentyyears?Yourheartishardasflintandneverchanges!"

Penelopeanswered:"Iamstunned,child.Icannotspeaktohim.IcannotquesPonhim.Icannotkeepmyeyesuponhisface.IfreallyheisOdysseus,trulyhome,beyondalldoubtwetwoshallknoweachotherbe\erthanyouoranyone.Therearesecretsignsweknow,wetwo."

Reading9:TheOdyssey

39


Makeuphisbedforhim,Eurycleia.Placeitoutsidethebedchambermylordbuiltwithhisownhands.Pilethebigbedwithfleeces,rugs,andsheetsofpurestlinen."

Withthisshetriedhimtothebreakingpoint,andheturnedonherinaflash,raging:"Woman,byheavenyou'vestungmenow!Whodaredtomovemybed?Nobuilderhadtheskillforthat‐‐unlessagodcamedowntoturnthetrick.Nomortalinhisbestdayscouldbudgeitwithacrowbar.Thereisourpactandpledge,oursecretsign,builtintothatbed—myhandiworkandnooneelse's!

Anoldtrunkofolivegrewlikeapillaronthebuildingplot,andIlaidoutourbedroomroundthattree,linedupthestonewalls,builtthewallsandroof,gaveitadoorwayandsmooth‐fiBngdoors.ThenIloppedoffthesilveryleavesandbranches,hewedandshapedthestumpfromtherootsupintoabedpost,drilledit,letitserveasmodelfortherest,Iplanedthemall,inlaidthemallwithsilver,gold,andivory,andstretchedabedbetween‐‐apliantwebofoxhidethongsdyedcrimson.

There'soursign!Iknownomore.Couldsomeoneelse'shandhavesawnthattrunkanddraggedtheframeaway?"

Theirsecret!assheheardittold,herkneesgrewtremulousandweak,herheartfailedher.Witheyesbrimmingtearssherantohim,throwingherarmsaroundhisneck,andkissedhim,murmuring:"Donotrageatme,Odysseus!NooneevermatchedyourcauPon!Thinkwhatdifficultythegodsgave:theydenieduslifetogetherinourprimeandfloweringyears,keptusfromcrossingintoagetogether.

AcKveReading:PutastarnexttotheproofPenelopeprovidesthatshehasremainedfaithfultoOydsseus.

!ReactDoyouthinkitwaswiseofPenelopetotesttoseeifthebeggarwasreallyOdysseus?Whyorwhynot?

____________________________________________________________________

WordstoKnow:linen(n)‐‐typeofclothusedfortablecloths,napkins,orsheetspledge(n)‐‐seriouspromisethongs(n)‐‐longthinpieceofleather

41


Character/SeWng

1.Underlineoneexampleofinternalconflictandoneexampleofexternalconflict.Labelthem.

2.WriteonepossiblereasonwhyPenelopedoesnotimmediatelybelievethebeggarisreallyOdysseus.__________________________________________________________________

AHIstoricalLook3.AccordingthetheancientGreeks,Athenawasthegoddessofwisdom,war,andpeace.HowdoesshehelpOdysseusinthisscene?_______________________________________________________________________________

AsmilecamenowtothelipsofthepaPenthero,Odysseus,whoturnedtoTelemachusandsaid:"Peace:letyourmothertestmeatherleisure.Beforelongshewillseeandknowmebest.Theseta\ers‐‐dirt‐‐allthatI'mcakedwithnow‐‐makeherlookhardatmeanddoubtmesPll...."

GreatheartedOdysseus,homeatlast,wasbeingbathednowbyEurynomeandrubbedwithgoldenoil,andclothedagaininafreshtunicandacloak.Athenalenthimbeauty,headtofoot.Shemadehimtaller,andmassive,too,withcrispinghairincurlslikepetalsofwildhyacinthbutallred‐golden.ThinkofgoldinfusedonsilverbyacraNsman,whosefamedartHephaestustaughthim,orAthena:onewhoseworkmovestodelight:justsoshelavishedbeautyoverOdysseus'headandshoulders.Hesattheninthesamechairbythepillar,facinghissilentwife,andsaid:

"StrangewomantheimmortalsofOlympusmadeyouhard,harderthanany.Whoelseintheworldwouldkeepaloofasyoudofromherhusbandifhereturnedtoherfromyearsoftrouble,castonhisownlandinthetwenPethyear?

Nurse,makeupabedformetosleepon.Herheartisironinherbreast."

PenelopespoketoOdysseusnow.Shesaid:"Strangemanifmanyouare...Thisisnoprideonmypartnorscornforyou‐‐notevenwonder,merely.Iknowsowellhowyou‐‐howhe‐‐appearedboardingtheshipforTroy.Butallthesame...

Wordstoknow!leisure(n)‐‐Kmewhenyoucanrelaxinfused(v)‐‐filledwithsomethinglavished(v)‐‐generouslygavealot

40


Forgiveme,don'tbeangry.Icouldnotwelcomeyouwithloveonsight!Iarmedmyselflongagoagainstthefraudsofmen,impostorswhomightcome‐‐andallthosemanywhoseunderhandedwaysbringevilon!...Buthereandnow,whatsigncouldbesoclearasthisofourownbed?

Noothermanhaseverlaideyesonitonlymyownslave,Actoris,thatmyfathersentwithmeasagiN—shekeptourdoor.YoumakemysPffheartknowthatIamyours.”

NowfromhisbreastintohiseyestheacheOflongingmounted,andheweptatlast,Hisdearwife,clearandfaithful,inhisarms,longedforAsthesun‐warmedearthislongedforbyaswimmerspentinroughwaterwherehisshipwentdownunderPoseidon’sblows,galewindsandtonsofsea.Fewmencankeepalivethroughabigsurftocrawl,clo\edwithbrine,onkindlybeachesinjoy,injoy,knowingtheabyssbehind:Andsoshetoorejoiced,hergazeuponherhusband,Herwhitearmsroundhimpressed,asthoughforever....

ComprehensionFocus



→LookforPmes,dates,andsignalwordssuchasfirst,then,earlier,now,andfinally.


1 3

SymbolismWhycan'tPenelopeandOdysseus'bemoved?_______________________________________________________________Whatdoestheirbedsymbolize?_______________________________________________________________

2

4 5 6

SummarizethissecKonaboutPenelopeandOdysseususinglinkingwordstoshowsequenKalorder.

SequenceofEvents

42

CLA Standards: Literary Response and Analysis 3.2, 3.5, 3.7

BigIdea:Greekswereexpectedtobehos_____________totheirguests.

!React

Inyouropinion,whichofthethreebreachesofhospitalityistheworst?Why?

StudentObjec>ves:‐‐Tocompareandcontrastthepresenta<onofasimilarthemeacrossgenres‐‐Toexplainhowselec<onofgenreshapesthethemeortopic‐‐Torecognizefigura<velanguageandimagery

EssayonHospitality

Welcome:AReligiousDuty

Today'svisitorstoGreeceareoDenstruckbythegeneroushospitalityofthepeople.Anancienttradi<onliesbehindthetraveler'swelcomeinGreeceanditisatradi<onthatwasfundamentallyreligiousbeforeitbecameapartofsocialcustom.

Zeus,thekingofthegods,demandedthatstrangersbetreatedgraciously.

Hostshadareligiousdutytowelcomestrangers,andguestshadaresponsibilitytorespecthosts.The<ghtinterconnec<onsandmutualrespectinthishost‐guestrela<onshiparereflectedinthefactthatthewordxenos(ze'nas)inancientGreekcanmeanboth"host"and"guest."Therela<onshipisoDensymbolizedintheOdysseybythepresenta<onofgiDs.Alcinous,thekingofthePhaeacians,forexample,givesOdysseusamagicallyswiDshiptogethimhome.

Whathappenswhenthehost‐guestrela<onshipisabusedorotherwisebreaksdown?InHomer'sepicsongsoftheTrojanWar,theIliadandtheOdyssey,thishappensatleastthree<mes.Thefirstoccasioncausedthewaritself:Paris,princeofTroy,ranoffwiththebeau<fulHelenfromSpartawhilehewastheguestofHelen'shusband,Menelaus.FortheGreeks,thisinsulttoxenia(hospitality)wasatleastasseriousasHelen'sunfaithfulness,anditmeantthatZeuswould,intheend,allowtheGreekstotriumphinthelongwar.

Reading10:TheOdyssey

45


Ithacac.P.Cavafy

translatedfromGreekbyEdmundKeeleyandPhilipSherrard

WhenyousetoutforIthaca,praythatyourroad'salongone,fullofadventure,fullofdiscovery.Laistrygonians,Cyclops,5angryPoseidon‐don'tbescaredofthem:youwon'tfindthingslikethatonyourwayaslongasyourthoughtsareexalted,aslongasarareexcitements<rsyourspiritandyourbody.10Laistrygonians,Cyclops,wildPoseidon‐youwon'tencounterthemunlessyoubringthemalonginsideyou,unlessyoursoulraisesthemupinfrontofyou.

Praythatyourroad'salongone.15Maytherebemanyasummermorningwhen‐fullofgra<tude,fullofjoy‐youcomeintoharborsseenforthefirst<me;mayyoustopatPhoeniciantradingcentersandbuyfinethings,20mother‐of‐pearlandcoral,amberandebony,sensualperfumesofeverykind,asmanysensualperfumesasyoucan;mayyouvisitnumerousEgyp<anci<estofillyourselfwithlearningfromthewise.

25KeepIthacaalwaysinmind.Arrivingthereiswhatyou'redes<nedfor.Butdon'thurrythejourneyatall.Beaerifitgoesonforyearssoyou'reoldbythe<meyoureachtheisland,30wealthywithallyou'vegainedontheway,notexpec<ngIthacatomakeyourich.Ithacagaveyouthemarvelousjourney.Withoutheryouwouldn'thavesetout.Shehasn'tanythingelsetogive.

35Andifyoufindherpoor,Ithacawon'thavefooledyou.Wiseasyou'llhavebecome,andsoexperienced,you'llhaveunderstoodbythenwhatanIthacameans.

!ReactDoyouagreewithOdysseus'decisiontonottellhiscrewmembersthattheywilldieandneverseetheirhomelandagain?Whyorwhynot?

MainIdea:Whatistheimportantpartaboutagoal?______________________________________

47


LiteraryElements

Symbolism

1.Accordingtotheessay,howistherela<onshipbetweenguestsandhostssymbolized?Therela<onshipbetweenguestsandhostsissymbolizedbythe_________________

____________________

____________________

Thesecondexampleofviolatedhospitalityhasitshumorousandironicside.IntheOdyssey,theCyclopsismonstrousnotonlybecauseofhishugesizeandbru<shappearance.Heissetapartfromcivilizedbeingspreciselybecauseofhisbarbaricoutlookonxenia.WhenOdysseusbegstheCyclopsforhospitalityandwarnsthatZeuswillavengeaninjuredguest,theCyclopsrepliesthatheandhiskind"carenotawhistlefor...Zeus"(line265).Withdarkhumor,theCyclopsusesthewordxeineion(Greekfor"guest‐giD")whenhetellsOdysseusthathewillhavetheprivilegeofbeingeatenlast(lines362‐363).Thepoe<cjus<ceoftheCyclops'sblindingwouldnotbelostonHomer'sGreekaudience.

Thefinalexampleofabreachinthelawofhospitalityunderliestheen<replotstructureoftheOdyssey:BackinIthaca,thesuitorsyearaDeryearabusethehospitalityofOdysseus‐anabsent"host"‐andthreatentotakeawayhiswife.ThebloodyvengeancethatOdysseustakesonthesesuitorsshouldbeunderstoodinthecontextoftheiroutrageousviola<onofreligiouslaw.Thesuitorshaveturnedhospitalityintoacrudemockery.PerhapsitisnotaccidentalthatjustbeforethebaaleOdysseusinvokesthehost‐guestrela<onshipwhenhequietlygiveshisson,Telemachus,thesignaltofight(lines1208‐1209):

'Telemachus,thestranger[xeinosJyouwelcomedinyourhallhasnotdisgracedyou."

WordstoKnow!Fundamentally‐‐(adv)mostimportantlyMutual‐‐(adj)sharedbytwoormorepeopleBreach‐‐(n)anactofbreakingthelaw

Genre

Anessayisashortpieceofnonfic>onthatexaminesasinglesubjectfromalimitedpointofview.

Howdoesanessaycomparetoanepicpoem?Listthreedifferencesandonesimilarity.

Differences:1._____________________________________________2._____________________________________________3._____________________________________________

Similarity:1.______________________________________________

Underlinetheclaim/topicsentenceofeachparagraph.No<cethatit

‐‐tellswhatthewhole paragraphwillbe

about and‐‐makesapointthatwill havetobeproved

46


Symbolism

Asymbolisaperson,place,orthingthatexistsliterallyinthestoryandhasagreatermeaningaswell.

Whatdoeachofthefollowingsymbolize?

Ithaca:_______________

Cyclops:______________

Perfumes:____________

theJourney:_____________

Genre

Poetryisatypeofrhythmic,compressedlanguagethatusesfiguresofspeechandimagerytoappealtothereader'semo>onsandimagina>on.

Howdoesashortpoemcomparetoanepicpoem?Listtwodifferencesandonesimilarity.

Differences:1.__________________________________________________________________2._________________________________

Similarity:1.__________________________________________________________________

Whatdoes"youwon'tencounterthemunlessyoubringthemalonginsideyou"mean?_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Canyougiveanexample?

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________ 48

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