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Why classify?
•Humans have developed classification systems in order to make sense of the
abundant biological diversity that exists in nature.
Taxonomy
•…the identification, naming, and classification of species
•Taxonomists spend their time searching for previously unknown organisms, determining their relationships to known organisms, and giving them names
Eight Levels of Taxonomic
Classification
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
From biggest to smallest:
1.Domain – compare to a continent 2. Kingdom – compare to a country3. Phylum –compare to a state4. Class – compare to a county5. Order – compare to a town6. Family - compare to a neighborhood7. Genus - compare to a street8. Species – compare to house number
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum…what?An easy way to remember the classification
levels:
• “ Do Kansas Predators Catch Old Furry Grey Squirrels”
• “Does King Phillip Come Over For Grape
Soda”
Eight Levels of Taxonomic Classification
for the…Grizzly Bear
• Domain= Eukarya
•Kingdom= Animalia
•Phylum= Chordata
•Class= Mammalia
•Order= Carnivora
•Family= Ursidae
•Genus= Ursus
•Species= Ursus arctos
Eight Levels of Taxonomic Classification
for the…
Dog
• Domain-Eukarya
•Kingdom-Animalia
•Phylum-Chordata
•Class-Mammalia
•Order-Carnivora
•Family Canidae
•Genus-Canis
•Species- Canis familiaris
Scientific name=
Canis familiaris
Writing Scientific Names
•The rules for writing scientific names:
• -CAPITALIZE the first letter of the genus name.• -the species name is all lower case letters.• -Both names must be underlined or italicized.
•Example: human = Homo sapiens
Another Example
• E. coli --Sometimes the genus name is abbreviated.
• Escherichia coli
• Scientific Name = Rhinecanthus aculeatus
• - Hawaii – Huma Huma Nuka Nuka Apua’a
• - Other Places - Picasso Triggerfish
Modern System of Classification
• Domain Archae: unicellular (one cell) prokaryotes (contain no nuclei),
harsh environments.
• Domain Bacteria: common form of bacteria, circular shaped, most are aerobic (needs oxygen).
Domain Eukarya:
• Protista: eukaryotesm(have nuclei) mostly unicelluar, no complex tissues or systems.
• Fungi: heterotrophic (cannot make its own food) eukaryotes, unicellular and multicellular(2 or more cells), absorb nutrients, 100,000 species.
• Plantae: Eukaryotes, multi-cellular, most are autotrophic (make their own food) ------ photosynthesis, 350,000 species.
• Animalia: Eukaryotes, multi-cellular,
Heterotrophic (cannot make its own food), most have symmetrical bodies.
Archae(bacteria)
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals