Why did the Why did the Reformation start in Reformation start in

Germany?Germany?

What was Germany like in the What was Germany like in the 1500s?1500s?

Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire 300 territories300 territories 1437 – elected 1437 – elected

emperor from the emperor from the Austrian Habsburg Austrian Habsburg familyfamily

1493-1519 = Emperor 1493-1519 = Emperor Maximilian IMaximilian I

Power struggles Power struggles between the HR between the HR Emperor and powerful Emperor and powerful statesstates

Anti-Clericalism and Anti-Anti-Clericalism and Anti-papalismpapalism

Anti-clericalismAnti-clericalism North Germany = few North Germany = few

clerics with a clerics with a university degreeuniversity degree

Lower Rhine = half of Lower Rhine = half of the priests were the priests were absentabsent

South = peasant South = peasant uprisings because the uprisings because the church raised land church raised land rentsrents

Anti-papalismAnti-papalism Papal taxes were highPapal taxes were high Italian cardinals were Italian cardinals were

being appointed to being appointed to German positionsGerman positions

No central authority to No central authority to oppose the Popeoppose the Pope

Other factors…..Other factors…..

Printing pressPrinting press Increase in populationIncrease in population Expansion in trade and industryExpansion in trade and industry Re-introduce feudalismRe-introduce feudalism

TaskTask

Look at the boxes describing what Look at the boxes describing what Germany was like in the 16Germany was like in the 16thth Century. Century.

Decide whether each box is connected Decide whether each box is connected to political, economic, social, to political, economic, social, religious or cultural factors.religious or cultural factors.

Why did the Why did the Reformation start in Reformation start in

Germany?Germany?

The GermanReformation

Germany, 1517 Luther’s Appeal

Luther’s Teachings Luther’s Revolt

IntroductionIntroduction

This is where you introduce the topic This is where you introduce the topic and explain what the Reformation isand explain what the Reformation is

Here you also need to comment on Here you also need to comment on the areas you are going to look at in the areas you are going to look at in order to answer the question……you order to answer the question……you do not need to give specific do not need to give specific examples or explanations hereexamples or explanations here

Germany, 1517Germany, 1517

Here you need to comment on what Here you need to comment on what Germany was like in 1517Germany was like in 1517

What problems did Germany face? What problems did Germany face? (link this to political, social, economic, (link this to political, social, economic, cultural and religious)cultural and religious)

REMEMBER not to just describe the REMEMBER not to just describe the problems but also use them to explain problems but also use them to explain WHY the German Reformation could WHY the German Reformation could have started in Germany.have started in Germany.

Luther’s TeachingsLuther’s Teachings

Here you need to look at what Luther Here you need to look at what Luther believed and explain how his beliefs were believed and explain how his beliefs were different from the churchdifferent from the church

Remember to comment on indulgences Remember to comment on indulgences and marriage of priestsand marriage of priests

Try to include other things (eg Try to include other things (eg transubstantiation, sacraments)transubstantiation, sacraments)

LINK Luther’s teachings with anti-LINK Luther’s teachings with anti-clericalism and anti-papalism in Germany clericalism and anti-papalism in Germany at the timeat the time

Luther’s RevoltLuther’s Revolt

Here it is important to mention how the Here it is important to mention how the church reacted to Luther church reacted to Luther

Also think about how Luther reacted to the Also think about how Luther reacted to the ChurchChurch

Events that happened between 1517 and Events that happened between 1517 and 1521 are important here1521 are important here

Comment on the importance of Luther’s Comment on the importance of Luther’s refusal to accept the authority of the Pope refusal to accept the authority of the Pope and how his actions could have helped the and how his actions could have helped the Reformation start in GermanyReformation start in Germany

Luther’s AppealLuther’s Appeal

Which people agreed with Luther’s Which people agreed with Luther’s teachings?teachings?

Think about who could benefit from Think about who could benefit from Luther’s ideas….why?Luther’s ideas….why?

Princes, Knights, peasants, Imperial Princes, Knights, peasants, Imperial towns and cities – how would each of towns and cities – how would each of these benefit? these benefit?

How does this help to explain why How does this help to explain why the Reformation started in Germany?the Reformation started in Germany?

ConclusionConclusion

Before you write your conclusion, Before you write your conclusion, think about which of the areas you think about which of the areas you think had the biggest impact on the think had the biggest impact on the Reformation in Germany……Reformation in Germany……

Remember to comment on what Remember to comment on what caused the Reformation to start in caused the Reformation to start in Germany….explain whyGermany….explain why

Then make a judgment about which Then make a judgment about which reason you think is the most reason you think is the most important and explain why you think important and explain why you think it had the biggest impactit had the biggest impact