Why has there been a population explosion?

Why has there been a population explosion?

Birth rate Death rate

If the ….. is greater than the …. we have natural increase. The population explosion has been caused by people …..

How is population growth different to natural increase?

The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths.

The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country.

Natural increase

NI = CBR – CDR as it is always a percentage 10

The Philippines: CBR: 24.62 CDR: 4.95

NI = 26.62 – 4.95 divided by 10 = 1.967 = 2.0 (1dp)

Japan:China:Malawi:The Netherlands:

Definitions:

…………………….An increasing or accelerating rate of growth

Number of babies that dies before their 1st birthday/1000 live births

The number of deaths in children under the age of 5 / 1000 children

Birth rates

Philippines crude birth rate 25/1000/year

China:Malawi:Japan:The Netherlands:

Why /1000?Why crude?

CBR

Definition: The number of births per thousand people in the population per year- Doesn’t take into account the age structure- Doesn’t take into account the sex structure+ But is easy to calculate

Total number of births x 1000 per yearTotal population

Death rates

How do you measure them?Why is the CDR a poor indicator of mortality trends?What would be better?Life expectancy UK Andrew Marr BBCIMR Malawi Gates Foundation

Maximise your chances of living to 100

Definitions

Average number of years that a person can be expected to live to, usually from birth

The number of deaths/1000/year

Describe the pattern in population growth rates shown on the map.

Look at indexmundi.com Remember: general specific, name regions/continents/countries

Describe the pattern in population growth rates shown on the map.

The world map shows that population growth rates are not the same across the world.

Africa is the continent with the highest growth rates with rates of…….. Niger and Zimbabwe have rates of….Asia also has…. An anomaly is…..

On the other hand, Europe…… Russia

North and South America and Oceania….….

Describe the pattern in Infant mortality rates shown on the map.

• Index mundi• Click on countries for individual rates

Die young: High death rate

Lots of children: High birth rate

Live to be older: Low death rate Few children: Low birth rate

• Pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies• Social traditions • Religious beliefs • Female literacy levels• Economic prosperity• Poverty levels • Infant Mortality Rate • Urbanization levels• Age of marriage• Pension availability• Conflict

HL: Existing age-sex structure

affect birth rates because

have an affect on birth rates because

BRs may be higher in some places due to …..

may mean that..

causes…..

• increased food supplies and distribution• better nutrition• improvements in medical and public health

technology (such as immunizations and antibiotics)• improved sanitation and personal hygiene• safer water supplies • better education• shorter working weeks• lower population densities

Justify the effect that each of these has on death rates

• increased food supplies and distribution• better nutrition• improvements in medical and public health technology

(such as immunizations and antibiotics)• improved sanitation and personal hygiene• safer water supplies • better education• shorter working weeks• lower population densities

Using lines, draw the graph to show how BR and DR have changed over time. Then add the line showing total population.

BRDR

Total population

Time

The Demographic Transition Model

Simple Song

Detail

Demographic Transition Model

• Deepta aged 9 works on a farm instead of going to school

• Parents start to think more about family planning

• Shakira has 7 brothers and sisters

• There are more Golden Weddings

• A mother sobs over the grave of the last of her 6 children who died in a typhoid epidemic

• A new highway has just been built connecting 2 towns to the port

• Many more houses are being built

• The Public Health Inspector smiles as the building of the new sewers are completed

• Fewer people share a bedroom

• Grandparents are rare

• People are encouraged to migrate to other countries to find employment

• Cheryl is promoted to Manager of the bank where she works.

Hans Rosling: Population and boxes

What did you learn?

1960 - MEDC population: - LEDC population:

What do we call the countries that are more developed than LEDCs but not quite as developed as MEDCs?

What does Hans Rosling predict for 2050?‘Middle’ countries?Poor countries?Why this change in the poor countries?

What does he suggest is the key to bringing down the total fertility rate?

Correlations

Describe the relationship shown on the graph. (4)

Replacement rate and total fertility rate

• 2.1 Replacement rate is 2.1

i.e. women need to have 2.1 children on average to keep the population at the same size.

Watch only 2 mins.

Death rate

What alternative measures for the health of a population did we suggest?

Definition

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to pregnancy/year

Rates for our 5 countries:

Maternal mortality rateInequality in global MMRs: map and youtube clipCauses of high MMR:Solutions in general:

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE Al J

Case study: Malawi

% of maternal deaths that occur in rich world:Poor world:

4 complications maternal death :

Preventable or not?

What is there a need for?

Malawi: MMR is … highest in worldReasons for a high MMR in Malawi:

Solution provided? Success?

Why aren’t there enough trained midwives in Malawi?

What other problems lead to the high MMR?

CAUSE? CORRELATION?

Research time

CBR CDR LEIMR CMRMMR Pop growth and natural increaseTotal fertility rateDemographic Transition ModelPopulation structure - 3 age groups %Population pyramids – now and in past and futureAgeing population or youthful population?Population policy

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