WHY IS THIS USEFUL? CONVERT BETWEEN DIFFERENT MEASUREMENT

SYSTEMS

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSISLABEL FACTOR UNIT FACTOR

WHAT IS A CONVERSION FACTOR?

Ratio of units from any two terms that are equal

HOW MANY DAYS DO YOU HAVE TO LIVE?

HOW MANY DAYS DO YOU HAVE TO LIVE?

LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE US = 78.74 YEARS1 YEAR = 365 DAYS

HOW MANY SECONDS DO YOU HAVE TO LIVE?

LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE US = 28,740.1 DAYS 1 DAY = 24 HOURS1 HOUR = 60 MIN

1 MIN = 60 SECONDS

DAYS HOURS MINUTES SECONDS

2,483,144,640 seconds

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

HOW MANY SECONDS ARE IN A YEAR?YEAR DAYS HOURS MINUTES SECONDS

365𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

×24h𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

1𝑑𝑎𝑦×60𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

1h𝑜𝑢𝑟×60𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠1𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒

=¿

31,536,000 seconds

HOW MANY MINUTES ARE IN A SCHOOL YEAR?

1 year = 177 days1 day = 410 minutes

HOW MANY MINUTES ARE IN A SCHOOL YEAR?

1 year = 177 days1 day = 410 minutes

72,570 minutes

HOW MANY CENTIMETERS TALL IS WILLY CAULIE-STEIN?

Willy Caulie-Stein is 7 feet tall1 foot = 12 inches

1 centimeter = 0.39 inches

HOW MANY CENTIMETERS TALL IS WILLY CAULIE-STEIN?

215 centimeters

PALE BLUE DOT

Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the Voyager 1 space probe from a record distance of about 6 billion kilometers

Voyager 1 was commanded by NASA to turn its camera around and take one last photograph of Earth across a great expanse of space at the request of astronomer and author Carl Sagan.

PALE BLUE DOT

HOW MANY BILLIONS OF MILES AWAY WAS VOYAGER 1 WHEN THIS

PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN?

Voyager was 6 billion kilometers away when it took this picture of Earth.

1 mile = 1.61 kilometers

3.7 billion miles

BESIDES THE EARTH SELFIE, WHAT ELSE DID VOYAGER 1 DO?

HOW MANY BILLIONS OF FEET AWAY WAS VOYAGER 1 WHEN PALE BLUE DOT WAS TAKEN?

6 billion kilometers away when it took Pale Blue Dot.

1 mile = 1.61 kilometers1 mile = 5,280 feet

= =

19677 billion feet

HOW FAR DOES NORTH AMERICA TRAVEL EACH YEAR?

HOW FAR DOES NORTH AMERICA TRAVEL EACH YEAR?

The North American Plate travels 2.3 cm/year. How many meters does it move each year?

1 meter = 100 centimeters

0.023 m/year

HOW THICK ARE EARTH’S LAYERS?

HOW THICK ARE EARTH’S LAYERS?

LAYER KILOMETERS MILES

Inner Core 2432 1511

Outer Core  2270  1410

Mantle 2885  1792 

Continental Crust  30-40 19-25 

Oceanic Crust 5  3 

HOW DEEP HAVE WE GONE? 12.262 KILOMETERS

Conversion Factors 1 km = 0.62 miles1 mile = 5280 feet1 foot = 12 inches

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

How deep have we dug in miles? How deep have we dug in feet?

How deep have we dug in inches? How deep have we dug in centimeters?

HOW DEEP HAVE WE GONE? 12.262 KILOMETERS

How deep have we dug in miles?

How deep have we dug in feet?

How deep have we dug in inches?

How deep have we dug in centimeters?

• 7.602 miles

• 40,140.883 feet

• 481,690.510 inches

• 1,223,494.12 cm

HOW DO WE KNOW THAT THE EARTH IS LAYERED?

WHO FIGURED IT OUT?

WHAT THE LAYER IS VS.

WHAT THE LAYER DOES

DENSITY INCREASES FROM THE CRUST TO THE INNER CORE

CONVECTION CURRENTS TRANSFER THE CORE’S HEAT

What’s a convection current? Cycle of heat transfer: warm matter rises, cold matter sinks

EARTH’S CORE IS AS HOT AS THE SURFACE OF THE SUN!

6000°C

Thermal energy from the Earth’s formation drives–Cycling of matter

between layers– Earth’s magnetic field

CONVECTION CURRENTS TRANSFER THE EARTH’S HEAT

Radioactive decay in the Earth’s crust and mantle add heat

Convection in the mantle drive plate tectonics

Convection in the outer core drives the magnetic field

MATTER IS CYCLED BETWEEEN THE CRUST AND THE MANTLE AT

PLATE BOUNDARIES

Hot mantle material rises to form new crust where plates are pulled apart

Cold crustal material sinks back into the mantle where plates are pushed together

The flow of matter in the outer core generates Earth’s magnetic field

CONVECTION IN THE OUTER CORE

HOW DOES CONVECTION IN THE OUTER CORE CREATE EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD?

WHY DO WE NEED A MAGNETIC SHEILD?

EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT

ALFRED WEGENER