Why should we have phonetic Why should we have phonetic teaching?teaching?

If we fail to teach phonics, we are blaming If we fail to teach phonics, we are blaming many of our students to be failures in many of our students to be failures in English learning.English learning.

Pronunciation is a Barrier to Pronunciation is a Barrier to language learning.language learning.

Lack of phonetic knowledge and poor Lack of phonetic knowledge and poor pronunciation is the first barrier to pronunciation is the first barrier to

language learning.language learning.

English environment English environment

Pure / half / non English environmentPure / half / non English environment

Powerful Powerful profits will be profits will be made through made through the coin slot!the coin slot!

Profit: a starting block for beginnersProfit: a starting block for beginners

The Starting Block is ready to get you The Starting Block is ready to get you equipped and ready for your next life equipped and ready for your next life

challenge.challenge.

Profit: reducing down word Profit: reducing down word repeating repeating

We don’t want to listen to the same story We don’t want to listen to the same story again and again. It’s boring.again and again. It’s boring.

Profit: Helpful to remember words Profit: Helpful to remember words

Once you've tried learning some techniques Once you've tried learning some techniques and strategies to keep your memory working, and strategies to keep your memory working, you will be so happy for its incredible result!you will be so happy for its incredible result!

Profit: expanding vocabulary at Profit: expanding vocabulary at great speed great speed

A good command of English vocabulary A good command of English vocabulary gives you countless advantages in school, gives you countless advantages in school,

work, and everyday life.work, and everyday life.

Profit: helpful to improve reading Profit: helpful to improve reading abilityability

In the modern age of information, reading In the modern age of information, reading truly is a fundamental survival skill.truly is a fundamental survival skill.

Profit: Add to students’ interest in Profit: Add to students’ interest in learning itselflearning itself

Easy things easy done, interests get on.Easy things easy done, interests get on.

Profit: able to preview before classProfit: able to preview before class

Preview work before class brings better Preview work before class brings better effect in class learning.effect in class learning.

Profit: successful and confidentProfit: successful and confident

Build children’s confidence and strengthen Build children’s confidence and strengthen their success in school.their success in school.

Profit: an independent learner Profit: an independent learner

If you are an independent learner you can If you are an independent learner you can manage your own learning;manage your own learning;

A walking stick for beginners A walking stick for beginners

You can throw away the walking stick You can throw away the walking stick tomorrow when you walk well.tomorrow when you walk well.

To memorize a great deal is to forget them all.To memorize a great deal is to forget them all.

For many people pronunciation is a lifelong For many people pronunciation is a lifelong learning program. learning program.

There are three ways to improve our There are three ways to improve our pronunciation: Practice! Practice! Practice!pronunciation: Practice! Practice! Practice!

First practice speaking each word clearly First practice speaking each word clearly then practice speaking each sentence then practice speaking each sentence clearly.clearly.

Good English pronunciation may make Good English pronunciation may make people more willing to listen to you!people more willing to listen to you!

We may meet many people who speak We may meet many people who speak English with different local accent.English with different local accent.

Current situation of Current situation of phonetic teachingphonetic teaching

I don't want to be like Cinderella, sitting in a dark, cold, dusty I don't want to be like Cinderella, sitting in a dark, cold, dusty

cellar, waiting for somebody to come and set me free.cellar, waiting for somebody to come and set me free.

Pronunciation is like the "humble lady", Pronunciation is like the "humble lady", Cinderella, and doesn’t receive much Cinderella, and doesn’t receive much attention.attention.

Grammar, reading, writing, speaking and Grammar, reading, writing, speaking and vocabulary are like princesses.vocabulary are like princesses.

Phonetic testPhonetic test

in entrance examinationin entrance examination

Teach only for examination Teach only for examination

Teach for students’ tomorrow, wisdom, as Teach for students’ tomorrow, wisdom, as well as examination. well as examination.

Lack resources for phonetic Lack resources for phonetic training.training.

How can I make a big class How can I make a big class interactive?interactive?

We don't have enough chances to practise and the We don't have enough chances to practise and the particular instructions from the teacher are limited.particular instructions from the teacher are limited.

Teach in a skimming way Teach in a skimming way

LLike a dragonfly skimming over the surface of the ike a dragonfly skimming over the surface of the water without going deeply into it.water without going deeply into it.

With Chinese-character-With Chinese-character-transcription transcription

The greatest interference for a foreign The greatest interference for a foreign language learner is his mother tongue.language learner is his mother tongue.

“ 雷人外语书”

Fossilized pronunciation Fossilized pronunciation

If learners pick up the pronunciation on their own, they If learners pick up the pronunciation on their own, they tend to fossilize on the very features of the pronunciation tend to fossilize on the very features of the pronunciation of their teacher, classmates or group members.of their teacher, classmates or group members.

Beyond repair in case of fossilizationBeyond repair in case of fossilization L2 learners tend to fossilize to a much greater degree than L2 learners tend to fossilize to a much greater degree than

LI learners.LI learners.

So many failed learners So many failed learners

Those teachers are not baseless by saying that a large Those teachers are not baseless by saying that a large number of students lag behind in Grade Two owing to number of students lag behind in Grade Two owing to their failure of learning phonetic symbols in Grade their failure of learning phonetic symbols in Grade One thus unable to expand their vocabulary and One thus unable to expand their vocabulary and improve their reading ability.improve their reading ability.

低分率

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2001年 2002年 2004年 2005年 2006年 2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年

低分率

StrategiesStrategies

Teaching requestsTeaching requests(5(5thth level) level)

Can understand the significance of pronunciation in Can understand the significance of pronunciation in learning a language.learning a language.

Can speak naturally and fluently with correct Can speak naturally and fluently with correct pronunciation and intonation in daily life conversation.pronunciation and intonation in daily life conversation.

Can express different intentions and attitudes through Can express different intentions and attitudes through variation of the stress and intonation.variation of the stress and intonation.

Can spell words and phrases according to the Can spell words and phrases according to the pronunciation.pronunciation.

Phonetic teaching should combine the meaning, Phonetic teaching should combine the meaning, context, intonation and flow of speech, not pursue only context, intonation and flow of speech, not pursue only the correctness of individual phonemes.the correctness of individual phonemes.

语音教学阶段安排及教学要求语音教学阶段安排及教学要求 七年级上七年级上 完成完成 4848 个国际音标的发音、认读和拼写形式的教学个国际音标的发音、认读和拼写形式的教学 了解汉语中没有的音素的发音部位和方法了解汉语中没有的音素的发音部位和方法 对发音相近音素进行比较和区别对发音相近音素进行比较和区别 能根据音标拼读不太复杂的单词能根据音标拼读不太复杂的单词 掌握元音字母在单词中的不同发音掌握元音字母在单词中的不同发音 能不根据音标读出简单的单词能不根据音标读出简单的单词 了解音节的类型和划分规则了解音节的类型和划分规则 了解双音节词的重读规则了解双音节词的重读规则 能用正确的语调朗读句子能用正确的语调朗读句子 期末考试笔试测试语音基础知识，口语测试安排较系统期末考试笔试测试语音基础知识，口语测试安排较系统

的语音技能测试的语音技能测试

七年级下七年级下 能根据音标拼读较复杂的单词能根据音标拼读较复杂的单词 能根据听到的生词写出其音标能根据听到的生词写出其音标 掌握辅音字母在单词中的不同发音掌握辅音字母在单词中的不同发音 掌握字母组合在单词中发音的一般规则掌握字母组合在单词中发音的一般规则 了解三音节和多音节词的重音规则了解三音节和多音节词的重音规则 期末考试笔试测试语音基础知识，口语测期末考试笔试测试语音基础知识，口语测

试安排较系统的语音技能测试试安排较系统的语音技能测试

八年级八年级 能不根据音标读出较复杂的单词能不根据音标读出较复杂的单词 掌握派生词、转化词、复合词的重音规则掌握派生词、转化词、复合词的重音规则 能较流利地朗读课文能较流利地朗读课文 能正确运用连读能正确运用连读 能掌握句子重音能掌握句子重音 能掌握意群、停顿和断句能掌握意群、停顿和断句 能掌握实词和虚词的语句重音的一般规则能掌握实词和虚词的语句重音的一般规则

和特殊情况和特殊情况 88 ．学期结束安排口语测试．学期结束安排口语测试

九年级九年级 能掌握语流中音的省略、不完全爆破和同化等能掌握语流中音的省略、不完全爆破和同化等

音变现象音变现象 能掌握语句的抑扬顿挫、高低起伏的节奏感能掌握语句的抑扬顿挫、高低起伏的节奏感 能掌握语句重音变化在交际中的特殊功能能掌握语句重音变化在交际中的特殊功能 能掌握语调变化在交际中的特殊功能能掌握语调变化在交际中的特殊功能

Textbook analysis Textbook analysis

Start at the initial stage Start at the initial stage

Go for it: Well after the startersGo for it: Well after the starters Project English: Well after Topic 1 of Unit 1Project English: Well after Topic 1 of Unit 1 Introduction of phonetic symbols at this stage Introduction of phonetic symbols at this stage

would not be likely to bring about much trouble.would not be likely to bring about much trouble. Most phonemes have once or more appeared in Most phonemes have once or more appeared in

the words learned in primary school.the words learned in primary school. Several minutes in each period to deal with Several minutes in each period to deal with

phonetic symbols.phonetic symbols. Earlier study of phonetic symbols is not Earlier study of phonetic symbols is not

expected to put an end to the problem, but better expected to put an end to the problem, but better than none.than none.

British or American accent? British or American accent?

Choose the one you learned in the college Choose the one you learned in the college or university.or university.

Oral test Oral test

Individually or in groupsIndividually or in groupsRecordingRecording

Written test Written test

Dictation remains one of the most Dictation remains one of the most common ways of testing learners' common ways of testing learners' pronunciation.pronunciation.

Combine with listening testCombine with listening test

Keep records of students’ phonetic Keep records of students’ phonetic learning process learning process

Search Internet for teaching Search Internet for teaching resources resources

BBC Learning English Pronunciation Tips:BBC Learning English Pronunciation Tips:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds/index.shtmlgrammar/pron/sounds/index.shtml

Keyboard for typing IPA phonetic Keyboard for typing IPA phonetic symbolssymbols

Online keyboard: Online keyboard: http://ipa.typeit.orghttp://ipa.typeit.org

Choose a Unicode font with IPA symbols in Choose a Unicode font with IPA symbols in your word processor:your word processor:

Lucida Sans UnicodeLucida Sans Unicode

Keyboard in WORD 2003 of Keyboard in WORD 2003 of Microsoft office Microsoft office

font: font: Kingsoft Phonetic PlainKingsoft Phonetic Plain

Follow general teaching principles Follow general teaching principles

More practice, less theoryMore practice, less theory More syllable, less individual phoneme / Never More syllable, less individual phoneme / Never

deal with individual phonemes much in depth. / deal with individual phonemes much in depth. / Less phonetic terminologies and theoriesLess phonetic terminologies and theories

Listening before imitatingListening before imitating Slow-to-fast, easy-to-difficult and step by stepSlow-to-fast, easy-to-difficult and step by step Make drills various and interestingMake drills various and interesting Consolidation in timeConsolidation in time

NoticeNotice

Phonetic symbols are only half the story.Phonetic symbols are only half the story.Stress, intonation and rhythm are Stress, intonation and rhythm are

sometimes more important in real sometimes more important in real communication.communication.

The continuity of phonetic teaching should The continuity of phonetic teaching should go through the whole period of junior high go through the whole period of junior high school.school.

One’s pronunciation level advances One’s pronunciation level advances together with one’s language ability.together with one’s language ability.

Correct demonstrationCorrect demonstration

Students listen carefully and watch the Students listen carefully and watch the teacher’s mouth.teacher’s mouth.

Slowly for the first time, faster the second Slowly for the first time, faster the second time, and normal speed the third time if time, and normal speed the third time if necessary.necessary.

Choose simple words for drillChoose simple words for drill

Combine the pronunciation, shape and Combine the pronunciation, shape and meaning together.meaning together.

Pronounce regular words at the sight of Pronounce regular words at the sight of them. them.

““Chunk” drills Chunk” drills

name, fame, tame, dame, game, lame, name, fame, tame, dame, game, lame, came, hame, same, flamecame, hame, same, flame

bill, pill, till, fill, mill, kill, will, still, skill, shillbill, pill, till, fill, mill, kill, will, still, skill, shillback, pack, Jack, lack, sack, hack, knack, back, pack, Jack, lack, sack, hack, knack,

flack, smack, snackflack, smack, snack

Expand students’ vocabularyExpand students’ vocabulary

A large vocabulary in store is helpful to A large vocabulary in store is helpful to raise one’s phonetic level.raise one’s phonetic level.

Learn by singing and playing Learn by singing and playing gamesgames

Classic children’s English songs (flash):Classic children’s English songs (flash):

http://blog.ci123.com/yangtx/entry/71148http://blog.ci123.com/yangtx/entry/71148

Disney Children’s English songs (mp3): Disney Children’s English songs (mp3):

http://www.011088.com/Article/english/http://www.011088.com/Article/english/sucai/200701/1845.htmlsucai/200701/1845.html

Question types for phonetic Question types for phonetic exercise and testexercise and test

No or less multiple choice in exercise. No or less multiple choice in exercise.

http://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phonetics.htm

I do hope the importance of phonetic I do hope the importance of phonetic teaching will travel deeper into every teaching will travel deeper into every

teacher’s mind.teacher’s mind.