http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDWJGslOf70&feature=related

Why war? – Causes of war and Why war? – Causes of war and conflictconflict

‘‘Individual’ causesIndividual’ causes

‘‘Natural’ causesNatural’ causes

‘‘Systemic’ causesSystemic’ causes

Why war? – Causes of war and Why war? – Causes of war and conflict (1)conflict (1)

‘‘Individual’ causesIndividual’ causes

Biology / Behavioural scienceBiology / Behavioural science

- ‘animal’ behaviour (territorial instinct, competition)- ‘animal’ behaviour (territorial instinct, competition)

PsychologyPsychology

- innate aggression- innate aggression

‘‘Natural’ causesNatural’ causes

DemographyDemography

- Size of population: - Size of population: Malthus

- Composition of population: Youth bulge- Composition of population: Youth bulge

Why war? – Causes of war and Why war? – Causes of war and conflict (2)conflict (2)

‘‘Systemic’ causesSystemic’ causesTerritorialTerritorial-- ‘Randomly’ drawn borders‘Randomly’ drawn borders- Bad Bad neighborhoodneighborhood

PoliticalPolitical- Division of powerDivision of power- Identity: ethnicity / minorities / religion / cultureIdentity: ethnicity / minorities / religion / culture

EconomicalEconomical- - Economical inequalityEconomical inequality-- Access to scarce resources / ecological pressureAccess to scarce resources / ecological pressure

SolutionsSolutions

Players: local, national, regional, internationalPlayers: local, national, regional, international

Negotiations: Negotiations: - mediation- mediation

- arbitration- arbitration

Intervention:Intervention: - military - military

- economic (- economic (carrots & sticks) )

- political (Kosovo)- political (Kosovo)

Dealing with causes:Dealing with causes: - land partition problems- land partition problems

- reconciliation / justice- reconciliation / justice

SolutionsSolutions

Wars and conflicts are a multi-causal Wars and conflicts are a multi-causal phenomenonphenomenon

Risk: post-conflict = pre-conflictRisk: post-conflict = pre-conflict

Necessity of transforming conflict (taking away Necessity of transforming conflict (taking away the reasons) the reasons)