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Why We Must Achieve the DreamWhy We Must Achieve the Dream
AMATYC 34AMATYC 34thth Annual Conference Annual Conference
November 21, 2008November 21, 2008
George R. BoggsGeorge R. Boggs
Community College ValuesCommunity College Values
Access >>> SuccessAccess >>> Success Community ResponsivenessCommunity Responsiveness Clear Focus on Student LearningClear Focus on Student Learning Resourcefulness Resourcefulness
Entrepreneurial Spirit Entrepreneurial Spirit Creativeness Creativeness InnovativenessInnovativeness
The Degree GapThe Degree Gap
Percent with BA or higher (2000)Percent with BA or higher (2000) 28% of whites 28% of whites 17% of African Americans 17% of African Americans 11% of Hispanics11% of Hispanics
Relationship of Income to Relationship of Income to College AccessCollege Access
RateRate
88.8%88.8%
68.2%68.2%
53.3%53.3%
Family IncomeFamily Income
> $74,584> $74,584
$25,064-$47,405$25,064-$47,405
< $25,064< $25,064
High Skilled & Unskilled Jobs as a % of the Workforce, 2000 to 2012High Skilled & Unskilled Jobs as a % of the Workforce, 2000 to 2012
18.4% 19.2%20.7%
13.0%11.8% 10.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Professional & RelatedOccupations
Production, installation,maintenance & Repair
Occupations
2000
2002
2012
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Societal ChangeSocietal Change
Certificates and Degrees Certificates and Degrees change liveschange lives
Higher levels of education Higher levels of education lead to higher earnings for all lead to higher earnings for all racial and ethnic groups and racial and ethnic groups and for both men and women. for both men and women. People with associate People with associate degrees generally earn 20 to degrees generally earn 20 to 30 percent more than people 30 percent more than people with only high school with only high school diplomas.diplomas.
Civilian Labor Force by Educational Attainment 1970 to 2004
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%19
70
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
High School Graduate
Less Than 4 Years High School
1-3 Years College
Bachelor's Degree or More
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Projected Growth in Supply and Demand of Workers With Some Postsecondary Projected Growth in Supply and Demand of Workers With Some Postsecondary Education, 1998 to 2028Education, 1998 to 2028
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
1998 2008 2018 2028
Tho
usan
ds
Jobs requiring some postsecondary experience
Workers with some postsecondary experience
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau and National Alliance of Business
Education RequiredEducation Required
75% of new jobs require some post-75% of new jobs require some post-secondary education.secondary education.
Only 35% of Americans (25-34) have Only 35% of Americans (25-34) have 2 or more years post-secondary 2 or more years post-secondary education.education.
– -Source: 2000 data-Source: 2000 dataNational Information Center for Higher Ed.National Information Center for Higher Ed.
America’s Future at Stake
Job growth estimates for the 2010 Job growth estimates for the 2010 workforceworkforce
Based on 2005 U.S Census data + U.S. Department of Education, Office of Adult and Vocational Education, "The Economic Imperative for Improving Education," in The High School Leadership Summit, Issue Papers (Washington D.C., 2003), Figure 2.
Today’s Workforce: Data for 25+ Today’s Workforce: Data for 25+ year oldsyear oldsSource: 2005 U.S Census data
Overlapping these profiles Overlapping these profiles shows a significant gap will shows a significant gap will
need to be closed!need to be closed!
““Work gets done where it can be Work gets done where it can be done most efficiently and done most efficiently and effectively.” (Friedman, 2005)effectively.” (Friedman, 2005)
34% of doctoral degrees in natural 34% of doctoral degrees in natural sciences and 56% of engineering sciences and 56% of engineering Ph.D.s in U. S. are awarded to foreign-Ph.D.s in U. S. are awarded to foreign-born students.born students.
Source: Tough Choices or Tough Times, 2007
More Emphasis on STEM More Emphasis on STEM CompetitivenessCompetitiveness
NAS NAS Gathering StormGathering Storm report report Friedman’s flat worldFriedman’s flat world NSB commission NSB commission ACGs and SMART GrantsACGs and SMART Grants
– WDIWDI– AACC/NSF ATE PI conferenceAACC/NSF ATE PI conference
More Enrollment Pressure for CCsMore Enrollment Pressure for CCs
Rising university tuition costs and Rising university tuition costs and increased selectivity will drive more increased selectivity will drive more students to CCsstudents to CCs
Increased need for LLL will drive up Increased need for LLL will drive up enrollmentsenrollments
Retiring Baby Boomers will increase Retiring Baby Boomers will increase enrollmentsenrollments
Immigration will remain a political Immigration will remain a political issue for a whileissue for a while
DREAM act will still be politically DREAM act will still be politically sensitivesensitive
May cool somewhat if economy May cool somewhat if economy continues to be strongcontinues to be strong
Growing recognition for need to retain Growing recognition for need to retain some international studentssome international students
Accountability AgainAccountability Again
More focus on success of students—not More focus on success of students—not just accessjust access
Evidence of student learning will be Evidence of student learning will be required by accrediting agencies, required by accrediting agencies, states, and federal governmentstates, and federal government
Colleges will move toward a culture of Colleges will move toward a culture of evidence and use of dataevidence and use of data
We can help more community We can help more community college students succeedcollege students succeed
Achieving the Dream is about being Achieving the Dream is about being open and forthright about performance open and forthright about performance — and doing what it takes to improve it.— and doing what it takes to improve it.
Meaning for StudentsMeaning for Students
Accepting responsibility for their learning.Accepting responsibility for their learning. Learning in a more cooperative and Learning in a more cooperative and
collaborative environment.collaborative environment. Making use of college support services.Making use of college support services. Making use of available technology.Making use of available technology. Making connections with other learners.Making connections with other learners. Extending learning into the community.Extending learning into the community.
How Students LearnHow Students Learn
Traditional ThinkingTraditional Thinking LecturesLectures Reading Reading
assignmentsassignments Writing assignmentsWriting assignments Problem setsProblem sets Laboratory workLaboratory work Field workField work
New TheoriesNew Theories ConstructivismConstructivism Making connectionsMaking connections Learning stylesLearning styles InvolvementInvolvement Learning in groupsLearning in groups Learning to learnLearning to learn
Beyond Crossroads: Beyond Crossroads: Faculty ActionsFaculty Actions
Respect Diverse talents & ways of Respect Diverse talents & ways of learning & teachinglearning & teaching
Design & use a variety of activities, Design & use a variety of activities, assignments, & assessmentsassignments, & assessments
Encourage student-faculty contactEncourage student-faculty contact
Beyond Crossroads: Beyond Crossroads: Faculty ActionsFaculty Actions
Provide students with prompt feedbackProvide students with prompt feedback Be attentive, expressive, enthusiastic, Be attentive, expressive, enthusiastic,
clear, &organizedclear, &organized Present multiple representations of Present multiple representations of
mathematical conceptsmathematical concepts
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD All AtD colleges are creating a “culture of All AtD colleges are creating a “culture of
evidence,” using data to make decisionsevidence,” using data to make decisions AtD colleges are engaging faculty in cross-AtD colleges are engaging faculty in cross-
college discussions college discussions AtD colleges are working with high schools AtD colleges are working with high schools
to align curricular standards and to align curricular standards and administering placement tests to HS juniorsadministering placement tests to HS juniors
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD
College Success Skills or Freshman College Success Skills or Freshman Experience Courses improve student Experience Courses improve student success.success.
More AtD colleges are initiating these More AtD colleges are initiating these courses; some are requiring them for courses; some are requiring them for matriculated students.matriculated students.
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD
Students who attend at least one Students who attend at least one Supplemental Learning (SL) session Supplemental Learning (SL) session show higher success rates and show higher success rates and withdraw less (Valencia CC)withdraw less (Valencia CC)
SL provides a trained peer student who SL provides a trained peer student who completes the class as a mentor.completes the class as a mentor.
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD
Reasons given for success of SL:Reasons given for success of SL:– Less intimidating to ask a peerLess intimidating to ask a peer– SL Leader understands student pressuresSL Leader understands student pressures– SL Leader sat through classes amd knows SL Leader sat through classes amd knows
what instructor expectswhat instructor expects
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD
Learning Communities improve student Learning Communities improve student success and persistence success and persistence (also see Beyond Crossroads)(also see Beyond Crossroads)
Class attendance is a significant predictor of Class attendance is a significant predictor of grade achievement across all racial groups grade achievement across all racial groups (Valencia CC)(Valencia CC)
Use of Math Lab substantially increased Use of Math Lab substantially increased pass rates (Jefferson CC)pass rates (Jefferson CC)
Lessons from AtDLessons from AtD
Referring students to tutoring increased Referring students to tutoring increased retention and success rates (Alamo CCD)retention and success rates (Alamo CCD)
Faculty development programs are Faculty development programs are increasing at AtD collegesincreasing at AtD colleges– Cooperative learningCooperative learning– Assessing learning outcomesAssessing learning outcomes– Developing a culture of learningDeveloping a culture of learning
Trend for Increased Student Trend for Increased Student Mobility, but many are Place-BoundMobility, but many are Place-Bound
Better articulation agreements with Better articulation agreements with universitiesuniversities
More university centers on CC More university centers on CC campusescampuses
More distance learning opportunitiesMore distance learning opportunities