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3-5: Sectionalism1800-1860
Rise of Sectionalism
Panic of 1819◦ Oversupply of cheap
British goods
◦ U.S. industry suffered
◦ Tariffs raised prices
◦ Inflation
◦ Credit tightened
◦ Business slump
◦ Economic depression Most severe in west
New region with heavy speculation
Economic dependency
Least severe in south Less banking
More agriculture
Rise of Sectionalism
Missouri Crisis◦ 1819—Missouri applied
for statehood Slavery well-established
◦ NY Congressman proposes abolition Southern senators in uproar
Deadlock—even number of slave/free states
◦ Missouri Compromise Balance in Senate maintained
Missouri—slave
Maine—free
36º30’ line for Louisiana Territory
Defuses slavery issue
Rise of Sectionalism
The South◦ Goals Low tariffs
No internal improvements
Low-priced land
◦ Cotton Kingdom Eli Whitney—cotton
gin
Cotton profitable Increase in textile
manufacturing
Increase in demand for slave labor and westward expansion
Rise of Sectionalism
The North
◦ Goals High protective tariffs
Expensive land to keep workers from migrating
Internal improvements
The West
◦ Goals High protective tariffs
Low-priced land to encourage settlement
Internal improvements
◦ Advancement of Agriculture Eli Whitney—cotton gin,
interchangeable parts
Cyrus McCormick—mechanical reaper
John Deere—steel plow