Wideband G-Shaped Slotted Printed Monopole …ijeei.org/docs-932723607542a9bed110ae.pdfInternational Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics ‐ Volume 6, Number 3, September

International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics ‐ Volume 6, Number 3, September 2014

Wideband G-Shaped Slotted Printed Monopole Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications

Wan Noor Najwa Wan Marzudi1, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin1, Siti Zarina Mohd Muji1, Ma Yue2,

and Raed A. Abd–Alhameed3

1Research Centre for Applied Electromagnetic (EMC), UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

2National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3Mobile and Satellite Communications Research Centre,

University of Bradford, United Kingdom [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: A novel wideband printed monopole antenna is proposed covering frequency spectrum of wireless local area network (WLAN) and the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). The total antenna size is 30 × 48 × 1.6 mm³ in which it consists of a G-shaped slotted printed antenna and a defected ground plane. Theoretical and experimental characteristics are presented and compared. The antenna yields an achieved impedance bandwidth of 95.1% between 2.374 GHz and 6.682 GHz at a reflection coefficient |S11| ≤ -10 dB.The results including S-parameters, surface current distribution, VSWR, radiation patterns and antenna gains; in addition to a reasonable and stable radiation pattern and power gain. Keywords: Ground Plane, Monopole Antennas, Wideband Antennas, WLAN/WiMAX.

1. Introduction Recently, the trends and demands towards wireless communications such as WLAN and WiMAX have been widely increased and leads to an antenna that has a compact size, light weight, ease of fabrication and large bandwidth. Therefore, various types of antenna have been reported in literature to operate along the WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands [1-9]. Different techniques have been proposed providing dual, triple or four band performances such as parasitic inverted U-shaped [1], paw shaped [2], C- and L- shaped [3], split ring slot [4], T-shaped [5] and umbrella printed dipole [6]. Furthermore, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna [1], coupling fed plate [7] and defected ground plane [5, 8] are other methods have been used to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna and simultaneously improved the antenna performance. In this article, a wideband G-shaped slotted

Figure 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna (in mm); (a) Top View, (b) Bottom view.

(a) (b)

Received: March 3rd, 2014. Accepted: September 13rd, 2014

596

printed mintroducetotal dimedimension% improvwork in [9shaped slofrequencidesign; bodiscussed 2. Anten The coG-shapedpublishedGHz. In defected asubstrate printed on1(a) show2.96 mm2

frequencilower armfrequencibandwidththe top of95.1 % frcovered tantenna wFigure 2.

3. ParamA. Effect In ordon the prStudio. Fwithout th

monopole antend for possible uensions of the n of the proposved size. The 9] which has thotted printed raes and broad ioth experimen

d in the followin

nna Design onfiguration of

d slotted monod data in [10] this antenna dareathat resultematerial with n the top side

ws that G-shap2 50 Ω microses of WLAN a

m, Ls of G-shes of WLANh of the proposf the ground plfrom 2.374 – 6the WLAN/Wiwas fabricated

F

metric Study of the Width, W

der to quantify roposed antennigure 3 and Fhe existing of

nna covering use to satisfy tproposed ante

sed antenna smproposed workhe dimension oadiator and etcmpedance ban

ntal and simulang sections.

f the proposed opole that is q

provide dual design, an imped wideband prelative permiof FR4substra

ed slotted is e trip line. Throand WiMAX o

haped slotted aN and WiMAsed antenna, thane. The impe

6.682 GHz comiMAX frequenand tested. Th

Figure 2. Practi

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na, the parameFigure 4 exhibi

the defected a

the operating the requiremenenna are 30 ×

maller than the pk has the dimeof 1685 mm2. Iching of a defecndwidth can beated results of

antenna is illuquite similar twideband fre

provement havperformances.Tittivity, εr = 4ate coveringthtched on rectaough the simuobtained after are found resp

AX respectivelhe defected aredance bandwidmpared to prevncy range. To he physical pr

ical prototype

h, Lsof G-slot theWs (upper aetric studies wit the return loarea respective

band from 2.nt of WLAN an

48 × 1.6 mm3

previous publiension of 1440It is confirmedcted area on the achieved. Detthe fabricated

ustrated in Fig.to the publishequencies whic

ve been made The proposed a.4, thickness, he dimension a

angular patch rulated results, i

G-slot introduponsible to rely. In order ea with the sizedth of the propvious publish verify the sim

rototype of the

of proposed an

arm) and Ls(lowwere carried ouosses of variouely. From Figu

37 GHz up tond WiMAX app3. It should be ished work in [0 mm2, compa

d that new devehe ground planetails of the proprototype are

1. The antennaed data in [2]

ch have fluctuby changing tantenna deployh = 1.6 mm. T

area of 10 × 16radiator that is it is found that

uced. The uppesonate the uppto improve th

e of 4 × 4 mm2

posed antenna awork in [5] w

mulated resultse proposed ant

ntenna

wer arm- as shut by using CSus dimensions ure 3, it can b

o 6.68 GHz isplications. Thenoted that the

[9] about 15.68are to previouselopment of G-e, two resonantoposed antenna

presented and

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uation at 4.528the size of theyed on an FR4The radiator is6 mm2. Figurefed by a 26 ×

t the operatinger arm, Ws andper and lowerhe impedance was etched onachieved about

which not fully, the proposed

tenna shows in

hown in Fig. 1)ST Microwave

of Ws and Lsbe seen that by

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Wan Noor Najwa Wan Marzudi, et al.

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slightly inshifted. It

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Figure

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antenna tendsy of the proposved through thewer frequencies

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return loss wit

return loss wit

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5, 3.5 GHz and tion at Ls and ontrol the highwer arm(Ls)of

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he proposed an

can be seen thah of the propoed that by gramension of Ld

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th various Ws (

th various Ls (l

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at by graduallyosed antenna, adually increaswas set to 4 m

posed antenna wquency at the u

(upper arm)

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Wideband G-Shaped Slotted Printed Monopole Antenna for WLAN

598

Figure 5. Simulated return loss with various Wd (width of defected ground plane)

bandwidth of 95.1% compared to others value that resulted dual band and decreased the relative bandwidth performances. Meanwhile, the width of defected area Wd was remain intent as in [10] because there is no significant differences in impedance bandwidth for over 4 mm. From these observations, it proves that the defected ground plane is one of the techniques to improve resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth of the antennaas mentioned in [11].To verify the performance of the defected ground plane, the comparison of the simulated return loss, S11 with and without defected ground plane of the proposed antenna is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 6. Simulated return loss with various Ld (length of defected ground plane)

Figure 7. Comparison of return loss, S11 with and without defected ground plane.


599

It is nimpedancantenna in(over 2.37were detewidth, Winfluencedof the ant 4. ResulA. S-Par The sican be sereturn loscaused bymeasurem7 GHz co

B. Surfac The su2.5, 3.5, 5distributeuniformly

oticed that, whce bandwidth oncreased from 74-6.682 GHzermined by thed and length, Ld the impedantenna paramete

lts And Discusrameters imulated and men, the result rss slightly shify the effect of ment result for overing WLAN

Figure 8. S

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Table 1. OpParam

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hen the defecteof the propose57.4% (over 2

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er are summariz

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measured returreasonably agrfted compared f SMA connectreturn loss, S11

N 2.4/5.2/5.8 an

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ptimized valuesmeter Va

W L

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ed area deployeed antenna. Th2.434-4.42 GHzy, the operatingnd the length, Larea on the groof the proposezed in Table 1.

rn loss of the prees between si

to the simulattor and fabrica1 is less than -1nd WiMAX 2.5

measured retur

f the proposeds in Figure 9. It these resona

s of the prototyalues (mm)

30 48 26

2.96 24 5.7 4.5 4 4

10 16

ed on the grouhe impedance z) and 4.2% (og frequency baLs of the G-shaound plane we

ed antenna. The.

proposed antenimulation and ted ones. This

ation tolerance10 dB over a b5/3.5/5.5 bands

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% a e t s

s d y e o

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600

Figure 9. Surface current distribution at (a) 2.4 GHz, (b)2.5 GHz, (c)3.5 GHz, (d)5.2 GHz,

(e)5.5 GHz and (f) 5.8 GHz C. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) The measured and simulated voltage standing wave ratios (VSWR) for the proposed antenna are shows in Figure 10. There exists a good agreement between simulated and measured results. It can be seen that, lower VSWR which is smaller than 2 achieved over the entire frequency band from 2.4 to 5.8 GHz.

Figure10. Simulated and measured voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna.

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)


601

D. Radiation Patterns The simulated far-field radiation pattern on the E-plane (x-z plane) and H-plane (y-z plane) at frequencies of 2.4, 2.5, 3.5, 5.2, 5.5 and 5.8 GHz are plotted in Figure 11. The antenna shows a stable omnidirectional pattern in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively over the Wi-Fi, WLAN and WiMAX spectrum bands. Figure 11. Simulated radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 2.4, 2.5, 3.5, 5.2, 5.5 and 5.8

GHz in the (a) X-Z plane and (b) Y-Z plane. “xxxx” simulated co-polarization, “oooo” simulated cross-polarization.

(b)

(a)

(b)


602

E. Antenna Gains

Figure 12. The gain of the proposed antenna.

Figure 12 depictsthe simulated gain of the proposed antenna over the interval frequency band from 2.4 to 5.8 GHz. The antenna gain levels obtained are about 2.6 -3.3 dBi in the range of2.4-3.5 GHz and 3.3 – 0.48 dBi at 3.5 – 5.8 GHz. It can been seen that, the gain at the upper frequencies are lower that the antenna gain at the lower frequencies.This is due to the cross-polarization of upper frequencies in E-plane (x-z plane) as shown in Figure 11 (a)is larger than those of the lower frequencies. Additionally, the radiation efficiency of this proposed antenna is approximately above 90%. 5. Conclusion A novel wideband G-slotted and defected ground plane printed monopole antenna has been presented as possible candidate for WLAN and WiMAX wireless applications. The optimum dimensions of proposed antenna were found 48 × 30 × 1.6 mm³. The proposed radiating element has achieved stable radiation pattern overall 95.1% operating frequency band extended over 2.374-6.682 GHz. Measurement result showed good agreement with simulated one. 6. Acknowledgment The authors of this paper wish to acknowledge the funding of this project by UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia under short term grant Vot 0992. 7. References [1] L.-T Ma, F.-S Zhang and W.-M.Li,”A Novel Multi-Band Antena for WLAN and

WiMAX Applications, ”Antennas Propagation & EM Theory (ISAPE), 10th International Symposium, pp. 238-241, 2012.

[2] Z.-N Song, Y. Ding and K. Huang “A Compact Multiband Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications”, Progress In Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 23, pp.147-155,2011

[3] C. Wang, Xu. P, Li. B and Yan. Z.-H“A Compact Multiband Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications”, Microwave Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, pp. 2016-2018, 2011.

[4] H. El Misilmani, M. Al-Husseini, K. Kabalan and A. El-Hajj, “A Simple Miniaturized Triple Band Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications”, Session 2A9, pp.329, 2012.

[5] L. Kang, Y.-Z Yin, H. Li, W. -J. Huang and S. -F Zheng, ”Dual Wideband Symmetrical G-Shaped Slotted Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol.17, pp.55-65, 2010.

[6] S. Chang, X. Yang, Y. Liand M. Li, ”A Dual and wide band antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/UWB applications”, Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), 2011 International Conference, pp. 958-961, 2011.


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experience in RF designs, antennas and electromagnetic computational techniques and has published over 400 academic journals and referred conference papers. He has led several funded projects from EPSRC, European funds, Health Department, Technology Strategy Board and Industry. His current research interests include hybrid electromagnetic, EMC, low SAR antennas, active antennas, beam steering antennas, MIMO antennas, RF predistorter including biological cell modelling for breast cancer applications. Prof. Abd-Alhameed is the Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology, Fellow of Higher Education Academy, and a Chartered Engineer; in addition he is a senior member of the IEEE. He is also the Chair of several successful workshops on Energy Efficient and Reconfigurable Transceivers (EERT): Approach towards Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction that addresses the biggest challenges for the future wireless system. Ma Yue was born in China. She received the Bachelor and Master Degree from University of Bradford University, UK respectively in 2009 and 2010. Her current research interest includes mobile and satellite communication, MIMO mobile handset antenna designs, CPW, UWB, phase array antennas for wireless communication applications, wide band single pixel feed and phased array feed for Square Kilometre Array(SKA) radio telescope. Currently, she is a main researcher for the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under the State Key Development Program for Basic Research, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences.


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Wideband G-Shaped Slotted Printed Monopole …ijeei.org/docs-932723607542a9bed110ae.pdfInternational Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics ‐ Volume 6, Number 3, September