WiFi – What's Next? - Rutgers · PDF fileWiFi Configuration and Hotspot Sign-upPublished in: IEEE Communications Magazine · 2002Authors: Paul S Henry · Hui LuoAffiliation: At T

WiFiWiFi –– What’s Next?What’s Next?

Paul S. HenryAT&T Labs - [email protected]

October 2, 2002

Wi-Fi: The Hype

•Plug in the card

Internet

Wi-Fi: The Hype

•Find an access point (esp free hotspot)

•Presto! 11 Mb/s Internet connection•David vs Goliath – end of DSL, broadband cable and 3G cellular!•If problems, try Pringles!

•Plug in the card

Internet

Wild About Wi-FiRising from the grass roots, high-speed wireless Internet connections are springing up everywhere. Tune in, turn on, get e-mail. Sometimes for free.

6/10/02

The Corner Internet Network vs. the Cellular Giants

March 4, 2002

2 Tinkerers Say They've Found a Cheap Way to Broadband

June 10, 2002

High Speed, FreedMotley Crew Beams No-Cost Broadband to New York

August 15, 2001

The Beat Goes on….

Want Broadband With Your Fries?McDonald's serves WLAN broadband in Japan

The Register, May 2002

Wi-Fi Makes Broadband Painless Wall Street Journal, Feb 4, 2002

Why Not Try Wi-Fi?Time.com, June 2002

Above the Crowd: Why Wi-Fi Is The Next Big Thing

Fortune 3/5/01

Warming to Wi-FiThe network technology…has sparked a kind of populist movement. 'Hot spots' are sprouting all over.

LATimes 4/18/02

Worldwide WLAN Installed Base (millions of transceivers)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Source: Sports Illustrated

Source: IDC

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Worldwide Installedbase, IP telephones

IP Telephones

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Moore's Law

Moore’s Law

Corning Share Price

The Central Question

Will the telecom bust ever end?

The Central Question What’s next for WiFi?

Blessings from the Gods

Bob Lucky, May ’02: WiFi is the only real exciting stuff going on right now

Bill Gates, Dec ‘01: If any one technology has emerged in the past few years that will be explosive in its impact, it's 802.11.

WLAN Family Tree

802.112.4 GHz, 2 Mb/s

802.112.4 GHz, 2 Mb/s

802.11b11Mb/s

802.11b11Mb/s

802.11a5 GHz

802.11a5 GHz

Higher frequency,bit rate

Higherbit rate

802.11g54 Mb/s

802.11g54 Mb/s

Higher bit rate

802.11e802.11e

Quality of Service Capability

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 5

Wi-Fig?

WaveLAN, RangeLAN900 MHz, 1-2 Mb/s

WaveLAN, RangeLAN900 MHz, 1-2 Mb/s

ProprietaryImplementations

The Wireless Road Warrior

Internet

Corporate Intranet

Firewall

Mobility managerMobility manager Cellular Cellular networknetwork

Public hotspot


Internet

Corporate Intranet

Firewall

Cellular Cellular networknetwork

Public hotspot

•Reproduce the Office Desktop Experience•Always-on•Hassle-free security•Autoconfiguration

Mobility managerMobility manager


Public hotspot

InternetCellular Cellular networknetwork

Firewall

Corporate Intranet




Public hotspot


Firewall

Corporate Intranet




Public hotspot


Firewall

Corporate Intranet

•Natural extension to dial-up remote access•2003 – 2007 Projected WiFi Revenues

•Equipment: $2B – 4.5B •Public Hot Spot: $1B – 8B



1. Ease of Use – a long way to go2. Security – the clock is ticking3. Mobility – WiFi technology ☺

– WiFi service 4. Network management – more headaches for

IT groups

IVG #1Key Challenges for WiFi

1. Ease of Use

Cannot ConnectBob Lucky, January ’02 Spectrum

A sure way to stop a meeting is to offer the participants network connectivity.

What I want is a “push-to-talk” button on the computer.

1. The next step to getting on USC's wireless network is to configure Windows to connect using our settings.

2. Click on the Start button and select Control Panel. Click on Network and Internet Connections and then on Network Connections. A new icon labeled Wireless Network Connection will appear. Right-click on this icon and select Properties.

3. Click to highlight the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) component and then click the Properties button. 4. From the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, click on the Advanced button. 5. Under the DNS tab, click on the Add button from the DNS server addresses, in order of use. Type

in the numbers 128.125.253.183 then click on Add. 6. Click on the Add button. Type in the numbers 128.125.253.166 then click on Add. 7. Click on the Add button again. Type in the numbers 128.125.253.136 then click on Add. 8. Select Append these DNS suffixes (in order). 9. Click on the Add button, type in usc.edu then click on Add. 10. Click on the Add button again, type in hsc.usc.edu then click on Add. 11. Under the DNS suffix for this connection, type in usc.edu12. Make sure that Register this connection's addresses in DNS and Use this connection's DNS suffix

in DNS registration are both checked 13. Below the section labeled Preferred Networks is an Add button. Click on it and a new window

labeled Wireless Network Properties will pop up. 14. In the Network Name (SSID) field, type USC in uppercase characters. Ensure that both Data

Encryption (WEP enabled) and Network Authentication (Shared Mode) are checked. 15. Uncheck the box that says The key is provided for me automatically. The field Network Key should

contain the letters GOUSC in uppercase characters. Ensure that the Key format is ASCII characters and the Key length is 40 bits. Click on OK to close this window.

16. Click on the Advanced button and verify that the Access Point (infrastructure) networks only option is selected. Click OK to continue. Click on OK again to exit the Wireless Network Connection Properties window.

17. Continue on next page….

Configuring the Windows XP Zero-Configuration Wireless Client

Use the drivers that come with Win XPUsing even the drivers in the Fall 2001 Orinoco release could cause you to have to reinstall Win XP!

These instructions must be followed explicitly.

WiFi Configuration and Hotspot Sign-up

Host configuration is a pain for everyoneBothersome on private networksChallenging at public access points (hotspots) A nearly insuperable barrier for technophobes

Auto-configuration is a great convenience for the road warrior…and essential to capture the first-use, walk-up customer.

Hotspot sign-up Browser-based, e.g. T-mobile/Starbucks

• Simple, but insecure (vulnerable to highjacking, despite SSL)802.1x (EAP-based)

• Secure, but cumbersome (requires pre-arranged account)

Goal: Enable auto-configuration and fully secure sign-up without pre-arranged account

We have a long way to go

2. WiFi SecuritySecurity causes Best Buy register banZdNet news, May 3, 2002

Security won’t work if not turned on

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)‘Equivalent’ to Ethernet in-building privacyPrivate, not secureVulnerabilities recently exposed

• UC Berkeley, Cisco, AT&T

Security AlternativesImproved WEP -- Dynamic keying (TKIP) or block cipher. Simple, convenient, but unproven

• Draft standard in progressSecure Virtual Private Network (VPN) -- Bulletproof, but cumbersome and not ‘native’ to Wi-Fi

6/14/02: Best Buy re-activates wireless cash registersNo comment on security precautions

No WEP

WEP vs. VPNPhysical Building

Boundary

VPNGateway Building LAN

SecureSide

Logical BuildingBoundary

VPN Tunnel

VPNClient

Building LAN

WEP ProtectionX

X

WEP: Simple, convenient. Needs finalized standard. Delay could kill Wi-Fi momentum

VPN: No WEP, therefore need separate wiring installation. Extensible to off-premises

Assumed secure

WildSide

VPN for Remote Access

VPNGateway Building LAN

SecureSide

Logical BuildingBoundary

Building Boundary

Off-prem user

End-to-end VPN provides protection both on-premises and off. ‘Universal’ WiFi Access

Internet

Assumed Insecure

3. Mobility --- Technology

Multi-vendor interoperability -- User’s PC card communicates with any vendor’s access point

802.11b compliance not sufficientWireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)

• Wireless fidelity (WiFi), the de facto standard

Multi-service ‘roaming’ -- User account works on multiple Wireless ISP (WISP) networks

Not always-onMutual agreement among WISPs

• WECA – Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming (WISPr)• Interconnect AAA functions (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting)

Aggregator (resell WISP services)• Boingo

Always-on mobility – Mobile IPRe-routing of live connections

Mobile IP --- Always-on

Home Agent

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Foreign Network

Internet

Foreign Network

Mobile IP --- Always-on

Technology – Ericsson, Lucent, Nokia, PCTELTrials: Rogers AT&T Wireless, Green Packet/WiFi Metro

Foreign Agent

Internet

Foreign Network

Home Agent

Foreign Network

Mobility --- Hotspot ServiceLessons in broadband wireless from the school of hard knocks

Ricochet (Metricom)AT&T Project AngelTeligentWinstarMobileStar

Cellular model: ubiquity is essential

Challenge: Establish national (or global) hotspot networkJoltage – Micro-hotspot franchise model (~ True Value Hardware).Boingo – Aggregator: Partner with public WLAN operators; sell subscriptions to individuals

• Provide settlements, billing, single account, hotspot sniffer• Multi-location, but not always-on

T-Mobile HotSpot – Integrated Carrier • Acquire MobileStar’s assets• Set the stage for integration with cellular

IVG #2

Joltage (Franchise)

Joltage~$2/hr, $25/mo

Independent Micro-Hotspots

Internet

Boingo (Aggregator)

Boingo(~600 hotspot sites)

~$8/day, $75/mo

Wireless ISPs

Wayport SurfnSip AirPath

SprintPCS

$$$

EarthLink

TSI(Cellular Svcs)

SMC(Equipment)

GoAmerica(WWAN)

FreenetsFreenets

T-Mobile HotSpot (Integrated Carrier)

T-Mobile International

• ~1200 locations• $29.99/mo single metro, 49.99/mo nationwide• Integrate with cellular?

Cellular Networks

Enter: Goliath(s) Bad news for David….

Talks Weigh Big Project on Wireless Internet LinkThe Intel Corporation, I.B.M., AT&T Wireless and several other wireless and Internet service providers including Verizon Communications and Cingular are exploring the creation of a company to deploy a [nationwide] network based on the increasingly popular 802.11 wireless data standard, known as WiFi. [Project Rainbow]NYT July 16, 2002

Lucent Technologies teams with industry leaders tooffer secure mobile data solutions for enterprises… via Wireless LANs and 3G Networks PRNewswire JULY 17, 2002

TOSHIBA Mobility Communications System, which allows users to roam across 802.11b and 3G networks…, is slated for launch in the second quarter of 2003 Infoworld June 24, 2002

4. Network Management Signal integrity at the physical layer is rarely an issue.

Signals propagate reliablyMinimal wire-to-wire interference Bit errors usually traceable to logical layers (i.e. collisions)

Bit errors can be caused byConventional collisions (as in wired case)Reduced signal strength (e.g. user motion)Interference (e.g. distant AP, microwave oven)

• Foreign sources especially troublesome

Additional degradation due to capacity mismatch of wired vs wireless

Bandwidth hogsBroadcast overload

Automated physical-layer tools needed for large networks.

Building LAN

Building LAN

IVG #3

Rogue Access Points

AP AP RogueAP

PC

Cable or DSL

VPN GatewayCorporate

Intranet Netgate/YourKey

Rogue APs are Everywhere • Unknown/unauthorized installation• Naïve/malicious users • Gaping security hole• Detection

•Fairly easy on corporate premises•Extremely difficult at employee’s home

RogueAP

Home userVPN Gateway

HELP WANTED (Sept. 2003)Wi-Fi certified computer scientists and electrical engineers

1. Ease of UseTrue auto-configuration capabilityWalk-up subscription

2. SecurityEnhanced WEPStandards leadership

3. MobilityAlways-on --- Close and go; open and resume Economic viability of hotspotsIntegration with cellular networks

4. Network ManagementPhysical-layer managementRogue detection

We’re building a team of world-class self-starters who will shape the future of The Next Big Thing.

If you’ve got what it takes, we offer you a wide range of exciting opportunities in a dynamic, challenging environment. High-profile

Wi-Fi initiatives include:

Send your resume to:Bernie Ebbers, CEO

Wireless4U, IncP.O. Box 23

Hamilton, Bermuda

IVG #4

And speaking of rogues…..

Documents

WiFi – What's Next? - Rutgers · PDF fileWiFi Configuration and Hotspot Sign-upPublished in: IEEE Communications Magazine · 2002Authors: Paul S Henry · Hui LuoAffiliation: At T