Lower Farmington River/Salmon BrookWild and Scenic Study

Last in a series of newsletters to keep the community informed about the Wild and Scenic Study process.

Finally, A Call for Public Comment!

Summer 2012

It was with great optimism that our Wild and Scenic newsletter of Winter 2010 featured the headline, “We’re going to Congress.” While the timing of that announcement was certainly overly optimistic, the Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic designation bill has been introduced in the House of Representatives by Representative Chris Murphy (HR 4360) and co-sponsor, John Larson, and in the Senate by Senator Joseph Lieberman (S 2286) and co-sponsor Richard Blumenthal.

Over the past five years, the Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study Committee has accomplished three major tasks. First, it has established that the two watercourses have the outstanding resource values needed for designation. Second, the Committee has successfully developed community support for the designation in the ten study area towns, Avon, Bloomfield, Burlington, Canton, East Granby, Farmington, Granby, Hartland, Simsbury and Windsor. Finally, the group completed its advisory Management Plan which will guide conservation efforts for the studied waterways. As a committee, we are very appreciative of all the help we have had from various experts, town officials and the public in helping with our efforts and in providing assistance in developing the Management Plan for the Lower Farmington and Salmon Brook, which is available in print and online at: www.lowerfarmingtonriver.org/?page_id=188.

Public Support for Designation is Important: We Need Your Comment!

We need you to provide comments on a Wild and Scenic River

Issue #6

designation to protect and enhance our communities’ waterways. Now that the Study Committee’s work is complete, and the National Park Service’s Study Report is available, comments can be provided online at: http://tinyurl.com/frsbws

We are hopeful that our designation bill will pass both the House and Senate this year as part of a group of separate National Park Service bills that would be put together into one bill called an “Omnibus Lands Bill”. If that bill passes, the lower Farmington and Salmon Brook will join the upper Farmington in being designated Wild and Scenic.

Of course you are aware that the U.S. Congress gets bogged down and that bills that one hopes would pass are not even voted on. If the Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook are not designated Wild and Scenic this year, your contribution to the Public Comments will be especially important as evidence of strong support when the bill is introduced again in the future: It took two legislative attempts for the Eightmile River Watershed in southeastern Connecticut to be designated Wild and Scenic. Your comments of support are critical in ensuring our Wild and Scenic designation whether the bill passes this year or later on.

How Can I Comment?Go to the website: http://tinyurl.com/frsbwsThere you can read the Study Report and click the link on the left

hand side of the screen to comment. Sally Rieger, Chair of the Study Committee

Tom Cameron Photo

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Page 2Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study

� e Tari� ville Village Association (TVA), was formed in 2004 with the mission: to advance the education and understanding of visitors and the citizens of the Town of Simsbury and the Village of Tari� ville, with regard to the history, culture, heritage, architecture, ethnic diversity and unique natural features of the Village; to lessen the burdens of the Government of the Town of Simsbury, by assisting in and fundraising for the development of a variety of public works, monuments and structures in the Village of Tari� ville; and to support the economic development in the Village through the promotion and hosting of cultural, historical, recreational and fundraising events.

Concern over the town-owned empty lot in the center of Tari� ville brought Tari� ville citizens together and with town, state and private support, their vision of the empty lot

Tariffville Village Association

Tom Cameron Photo

as a green with a Gazebo to serve as a meeting place for community events was realized. Since then, the TVA has hosted many events there such as the annual Tari� ville Village Festival, Carol Sings, Halloween parades, an outdoor movie event, and award ceremonies for the Triple Crown Kayak Races.

Tari� ville has a unique geographic position. In the Tari� ville area, Salmon Brook enters the Farmington River, Tari� ville Gorge o� ers kayakers white water all year around, and several long established trails converge for hiking and biking. � e Metacomet Trail, is now part of the New England Trail, a designated National Scenic Trail. � e little village enjoys great natural beauty and is steeped in the history of American Indians, � e Tari� ville Mill and the Falls. � e TVA was among the � rst organizations to endorse the Wild and Scenic designation. Indeed, the Farmington River’s and Salmon Brook’s

outstanding resource values abound in the village of Tari� ville.

To learn more about � e Tari� ville Village Association please visit the website at www.tari� ville.org.

Simsbury: Featured Study Area Town

Simsbury is one of Connecticut’s oldest communities. � e town was incorporated as Connecticut’s twenty-� rst town in May 1670 and covered what is present day Simsbury as well as Granby, East Granby, and Canton. Six years later it was burned to the ground during the King Phillips War but was resettled the following year. Steeped in history, Simsbury possesses great natural beauty. � e east side of Simsbury is � anked by Talcott Mountain, part of the Metacomet Ridge. Notable features of the Metacomet Ridge in Simsbury include Heublein Tower, Talcott Mountain State Park, Penwood State Park, a view of the Tari� ville Gorge of the Farmington River and the Metacomet Trail, part of the New England Trail, a National Scenic Trail. At the western foot of the mountain, near the Farmington River, grows the Pinchot Sycamore, the largest tree in Connecticut. � e west side of Simsbury is the location of West Mountain, accessible by CT State Greenway designated trails from 60 Westledge Road (http://www.simsburylandtrust.org/).

� e population in Simsbury has grown from 5,000 in 1950 to today’s population of over 23,000. While Simsbury has experienced development in the past few decades, Simsbury has tried to maintain the rural environment and historic charm.

Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic StudyVideo Links

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_2zNP-1sYw&feature=youtu.be http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oibs6Id-AKU&feature=youtu.be

http://youtu.be/yH0gDvrrRNU

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Hydropower: Not Necessarily Green

Hydropower has a natural appeal to policy-makers look-ing for low-emission electric power. White water rushing over dams looks so scenic compared to arrays of solar panels or windmills. Plus, water is free, right? And the technology is elementary. � e water turns a turbine, and the turbine gener-ates electricity. Almost no fossil fuels are required. About 19% of the world’s electric power, and about 10% of electric power in the United States, comes from hydro. People talk about new tech-nology for renewable energy, but when it comes to actually getting this energy, it’s easy to turn to hydro.

In New England and New York State, enthusiasm for hydropower has alternated with alarm over the lethal harm many hydropower facilities impose on rivers and river life. A dam cuts o� the natural � ow of water and river life. Rivers are nature’s arteries and veins, designed as a continuum of chemical and biological processes that support diverse life, including our own hu-man lives.

Dams, especially hydropower dams, harm rivers in multiple ways.

Dams divert, slow, and even stop stream� ow. If all or most of the � ow is held back from the river or diverted for power generation, the river bed will be shallow or even dry in places. River functions and river life will decline or cease. Ponded ar-eas above a dam and variable � ows below typically have abnormally warm water at least some of the time. Most of our best New Eng-land waterways are cold streams, ideal for native trout. Above a dam, cold-water species are replaced by warm-water pond species. � e e� ects are even worse if the dam releases water irregularly and from di� erent levels, resulting in di� erent � ows and tempera-tures. Neither normal river life nor pond life can take hold.

Warm, stagnant water stimulates algae blooms if nutri-ents, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, are present. � e algae eventually die and sink to the bottom of the water, consuming available oxygen as they decompose. � is results in dead zones,

with little oxygen and little life. Dams block the passage of migratory � sh and eels. Even

the best � sh passage cannot accommodate all the species that normally move up and down a river. Several dams in a row usually cannot be overcome.

Hydropower dams divert water out of the stream channel to turn the turbines. In addition to the severe alteration of � ow,

� sh and other species are caught in and destroyed by the turbines.

Arti� cial low � ow dams mean no natural scouring of the river. Silt col-lects on the river bottom, burying � sh spawning habitat and eggs. Silt trapped above dams may hold heavy metals and other pollutants.

Low-Impact Hydropower For all these reasons, river advocates

have traditionally opposed hydropower. In Connecticut, during deregulation of the power industries, hydropower was originally not included among the power sources identi� ed as Class 1 renew-ables. (� e deregulation law included requirements that power distributors buy certain amounts of renewable energy, with the Class 1 category comprising the cleanest and scarcest energy types, such as solar and wind.)

Nevertheless hydropower was al-ways considered a candidate for Class 1, and gradually, within the environmental community, the concept arose that some hydropower could be designed in such a way as to actually improve river conditions. � is would be low-impact hydropower. For example, creation of a hydropower facility on one dam could be traded for the removal of another dam. Fish passage and public access could be conditions of the hydropower permit. Run-of-the river

operations could replace impound-and-release operations, thereby restoring more natural � ows. No new dams would be allowed.

In 1999, the Low-Impact Hydropower Institute (LIHI) was created by American Rivers. LIHI certi� es low-impact hydro projects so that policy makers can be sure that the facility is truly environment-friendly.

One of the tenets of LIHI is that the size

� e National Wild and Scenic Rivers System is designed to protect eligible “free-� owing” rivers and sections of rivers that support signi� cant resource values from the adverse impacts of federally-assisted water resource projects, such as construction of new dams. � e Wild and Scenic Rivers Act allows for existing small dams on designated rivers and also permits exclusions from designation for river segments that are already impacted by existing dams. Under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, the existence of low dams, diversion works, and other minor structures at the time any river is proposed for inclusion in the national wild and scenic rivers system shall not automatically bar its consideration for such inclusion: Provided, that this shall not be construed to authorize, intend, or encourage future construction of such structures within components of the national wild and scenic rivers system.

� e Rainbow Dam in Windsor has been excluded from the proposed Wild and Scenic designated area because it is an active hydro facility, and the Upper and Lower Collinsville Dams in the towns of Canton, Avon and Burlington have been excluded from the proposed Wild and Scenic designated area due to the potential for re-development of hydro.

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of a hydropower facility is not as important as the design of the facility. Small hydro does not necessarily mean good hydro. In fact, all things being equal, a single dam used to generate 10 megawatts is far prefer-able to five dams generating two megawatts. One river interruption is easier to manage than five interruptions.

Unfortunately, Connecticut legislators didn’t grasp this. In 2003, they added hydropower to the category of Class 1 renewables, making it eligible for premium prices and other rewards. But instead of requir-ing that the Class 1 hydropower be low impact, the legislature specified that Class 1 hydropower had to be small (under 5 megawatts) and new (not yet built). This is the exact opposite of good environmental policy. It maximizes river interruptions, while minimizing energy gained per interruption. The legislature did include one good criterion for Class 1: the facility must be run-of-river.

State officials flirted with another blunder in 2011, when the governor proposed making all hy-dropower Class 1. Aside from the fact that not all hydropower deserves to be Class 1, this pro-posal would have instantly propelled Connecticut into full legal compliance with its long-term goals for renewable energy. First Light, which is owned by the French utility Suez, produces large amounts of hydropower in Connecti-cut and elsewhere in New England (these plants used to belong to Northeast Utilities); HydroQuebec, the enormous Canadian utility, intends to partner with Northeast Utilities to export hydropower to New England. Thus, thousands of megawatts would overnight become Class 1, and distributors required by law to buy Class 1 renew-ables could do so immediately and cheaply. There would be no more incentives for developing Class 1 solar, wind, or geothermal, because distributors’ renewable energy portfolios would be full up with large-scale hydropower. Curiously, this would benefit Connecticut rivers, because there would be no incentives to build more in-state hydropower, but it would undermine the entire structure of incentives to create Class 1 renewable energy. So the proposal to declare all hydropower Class 1 was abandoned (for the time being).

River advocates and many other environment-minded energy experts support using LIHI certification as the standard for all state hydropower. In Pennsylvania, LIHI certification is required for their equivalent of Class 1. Connecticut has moved to requiring compliance with LIHI standards for grants from the Clean Energy Fund and

for use of state-owned dams by a private hydro operator. The latter legislation was written to allow the re-establishment of hydropower in Collinsville by the private hydro entrepreneur, Duncan Broatch. The state owns the two dams there. In a series of unforeseen events, however, Mr. Broatch was replaced by the town of Canton as the proposed operator. The legislation does not apply to a municipality, so the issue of meeting LIHI standards on the Collinsville dams is still open.

The Future of New Hydropower in ConnecticutConnecticut has some 5,000 dams, so hydropower facilities, if

desired, can be built on existing infrastructure. Obtaining a license from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) can be challenging and expensive, and probably impossible to obtain if one intends to build a new dam. The market for hydropower is uncertain.

The amount of electricity gained would be modest.

By and large, it probably would be more cost-effective to focus on improv-ing efficiency at ex-isting plants. Never-theless, using LIHI standards, some new hydropower could be generated in combination with upgrades to river health. Perhaps more promising is the relatively new field of dam-less hydropower, with various technologies deployed to take

advantage of tidal power and natural flows minimal damage to the aquatic environment.

Whether the technology is new or old, Rivers Alliance of Connecticut supports LIHI certified hydropower but not high-impact hydropower.

An informative although slightly dated report on hydropower in Connecticut is available on the website of the Clean Energy Fund.

The link is: http://www.ctcleanenergy.com/Portals/0/Hydropower_

Report_revised%20(10-9-07).pdf

Margaret Miner, Executive Director, Rivers Alliance of Connecticut, October 2011

Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study

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Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study Page 5

Canton History: Featured Study Area Town

A part of Simsbury until 1806, the Town of Canton has had a long and productive relationship with the Farmington River. Even before European settlement, the river served as a source of food and a means of communication and transportation for native peoples. � e rapids at what is now Collinsville were particularly favorable for catching migratory � sh.

� e � rst settlement at Canton Center was founded on the banks of Cherry Brook, a major tributary, due to the generous � ood plain that provided fertile farmland. Canton Center, north of Route 44, remained the focal point of community life until the 1830s when the Farmington River provided the impetus for developments that would change the sleepy agricultural community forever.

Samuel Collins, his brother and a cousin, all under age 23, founded the axe and edge tool factory that would become known as � e Collins Company in 1826. Harnessing the power of rapids where the river squeezed through hard rocks of a geological pinch point, they began with the innovative notion of manufacturing pre-sharpened, ready-to-use axes. Known then as South Canton, the area’s steep, forested hillsides and narrow valley had little arable land and was sparsely settled.

By 1831 scores of workers were being recruited leading to a need for housing and other amenities. Eventually the Company would own close to 200

dwellings, single and multi-family. Collins lured a stage route to his village and a post o� ce and later the railroad. � e Company helped � nance stores and a church. By 1850 there was a vigorous export business with over 150 patterns of machetes, axes, adzes, picks, bush hooks, plows, shovels and other tools. New factory buildings were erected along with houses on both sides of the river. Collinsville was born.

In the late nineteenth century, � e Collins Company was called the world’s biggest edge tool maker. But by the 1940s the Company had lost its innovative edge and was an old fashioned operation not well prepared to compete. Financial issues and lack of modernization and investment in the Collinsville factory caused the Company’s demise in 1966 though the company’s four foreign plants continued to make made Collins tools under the aegis of another company.

After � e Collins Company closed, Collinsville fell into steep decline with boarded up and derelict buildings. In the mid sixties a plan to demolish the downtown in the name of urban renewal was defeated by the narrowest of margins. But low rents and the beauty of the Farmington River drew artists and other creative individuals beginning in the 1970s. Today Collinsville is experiencing a revival as an art and entertainment area and as a place to enjoy outdoor sports along the Farmington River, especially walking, biking, � shing and paddling.

Congressman John Larson, Senator Joe Lieberman, Commissioner of CT DEEP Dan Esty, First Selectman of Simsbury, Mary Glassman, Senator Richard Blumenthal, and Congressman Chris Murphy gather by the Farmington River in Tari� ville to announce the introduction of Wild and Scenic legislation in the House and Senate.

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David Le� ~ CantonDavid K. Le� , author of numerous essays, columns, and sto-

ries for the Hartford Courant, Appalachia and other publications, is a former Deputy Commissioner, of the Connecticut Depart-ment of Environmental Protection. He has served as chairman of the Collinsville Historic District Commission for over twenty years, is a vet-eran volunteer � re� ghter, and a Boy Scout merit badge counselor. � e author of two non� ction books and two volumes of poetry, David has read his work, given book talks, and lectured on literary and environmental topics throughout Connecticut and beyond.

Page 6Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study

Margery has a longstanding interest in how everyone can be a good environmental steward, whether in their yard or in their community. Assistant Director and instructor at Roaring Brook Nature Center in Canton, she also manages

their native plant gardens. She is a Past President of the Simsbury Garden Club and past Chairman of the Feder-ated Garden Club Landscape Design Study Program and is a Master Land-scape Design Consultant.

Margery serves as Vice Chair-man on the Simsbury Inland Wet-land/ Conservation Commission, is a member of the Simsbury Open Space Committee, and a board member of the Simsbury Land Trust. Margery is the former Director of Programs and Re-

search with the statewide river advocacy organization, Rivers Alliance of Connecticut. Before moving to Connecticut in the mid-1980s, Margery was an environmental scientist with Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago. She holds a M.Sc. from Queen’s University, Canada and a BA from Miami University, Ohio in Physical Geography/ Geology.

Sally was born and grew up in the New Haven area. She at-tended Pembroke College in Brown University, and served in the Peace Corps in Libya until the program was brought to a sud-den end by the military coup that brought Muammar Qadda� to power. Returning to the states, she completed her B.A . and much later earned an M.S. in Biology from Central Connecticut State University.

She has volunteered with Girl Scouts, the League of Women Voters, Holcomb Farm in Granby, the Sims-bury Land Trust and the Farmington River Watershed Association and has held a variety of paid jobs: cashier, per-sonal care attendant, library technician, nursery school teacher and small busi-ness owner (Terri� c Two’s, providing a half-day program for two year olds). Most recently, she taught in the Biology Department at Central Connecticut State University.

For the last � ve years she has served as the Chairman of the Wild and Scenic Study Committee. She is most appreciative of the opportunity to work with Joyce Kennedy Raymes, the National Park Service Study Coordinator for the Study Committee and to be associated with the smart, creative, diligent and faithful members of the Study Committee.

Margery Winters ~ SimsburySally Rieger ~ Simsbury

� e Farmington River Watershed Association’s contribution to the Wild &Scenic Management Plan and Wild & Scenic Study was supported in part by a grant from the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving. We deeply appreciate the Hartford

Foundation’s commitment to environmental stewardship in the greater Hartford region.

Meet the

Meet the Committee Members

Find us on Facebook at:www.facebook.com/

lowerfarmingtonwildandscenic

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Page 7Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study

Cynthia Griggs was born and raised in Wethers-� eld, CT, but she and her husband, Phil, have spent most of their lives in Canton, and

raised their family here. She has followed a diverse career path, as a Nurse, Biological Researcher, Teacher/Naturalist, and Health and Science Educator. Cindy has served with many local organizations, town boards, committees, and service groups, including Canton Historical Society, Canton VNA, FRWA, Canton Conservation Commission, American Red Cross, First Congregational Church, Canton Center, and the Lower Farmington River/Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study Committee.

Following a lifelong interest in nature and people, she began researching Native American history of the Farmington Valley, 25 years ago. Over the years she has given many lectures, and written historical articles which have been published in newspapers, books, and in tribal publications. In 2008 she received an award from the Brothertown Indian Nation, naming her, “Friend of the Brothertown,” and presenting her the “Circle of Life” Elders Blanket.

Wanda is the Tari� ville Village Association (TVA) rep-resentative to the Wild & Scenic Study Committee. Born in England, Wanda was displaced to Salisbury CT in 1940 to escape WWII with her English mother and American father. She grew up in Sharon, and graduated from Clark University and Northwestern University. She has worked since then as a Speech/Language Pathologist in Illinois, Rhode Island and Connecticut in a wide variety of professional settings. She has been active in many local, regional and national organiza-tions most recently as president of the TVA. Wanda shares her life with her partner Vince Bishop, along the shores of the Farmington River. She raised 5 outstanding children and has 9 grandkids as close as Simsbury and as far away as Norway. Wanda enjoys family, pugs, part time work, gardening, � sh-ing, boating, kayaking, volunteering where needed, cooking, event planning. Her photographs have been fea-tured in many of the Study Committee’s documents.

Cynthia Griggs ~ Canton Wanda Colman ~ Tari� ville

Griggs was born and raised in Wethers-� eld, CT, but she and her husband, Phil, have spent most of their lives in Canton, and

Meet the

Meet the Committee Members

Dear Wild & Scenic Friends, Finally! � e 5-year long Farmington River and Salmon Brook Wild & Scenic

Study is now complete and the Study Committee has reached the � nal step; it is now time to show your support through public comment!

Public input and support of designation is vital to the Wild and Scenic consideration process. Comments may be submitted until October 17, 2012. We need to have as many people provide comments as possible. Please make your comments today!

Contact Joyce Kennedy at 860.658.4442 if you would like to receive a printed version of the Study Report or Management Plan.

� anks!FRWA Sta� & � e Wild & Scenic Committee749 Hopmeadow Street | Simsbury, CT 06070

tinyurl.com/frsbws

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About the Study Committee

Avon: Diane Field*-Riparian LandownerHarry Spring*-Former Inland Wetlands CommissionerRob House-ConservationistCandice Chirgotis*-Conservationist Bloom� eld: Paula Jones*-ConservationistKevin Gough*-ConservationistBurlington: Paul Rochford*-Burlington Land Trust� omas Small*-Burlington Land TrustCanton: Cynthia Griggs-ConservationistDavid Le� *-Author, Former Deputy Commissioner of DEPEast Granby:Ian Clark*-East Granby Land TrustMike Krammen*-EngineerFarmington: Walter Sargent*-Past Executive Director, Farmington Land TrustLarry Schlegel*-AnglerJosef Treggor-Ecologist/Educator, MERA

� e Study Committee’s membership includes locally appointed representatives from each town in the study area, and representatives from � e Stanley Works, CT Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEEP), National Park Service, the Farmington River Watershed Association (FRWA),

the Tari� ville Village Association (TVA), Connecticut Forest and Park Association (CFPA), Pequabuck River Watershed Association (PRWA), and the Salmon Brook Watershed Association (SBWA).

Granby: Carolyn Flint*-Conservation CommissionEric Lukingbeal*-Land-use attorney, Wetlands Commission memberHartland: Sue Murray*-Hartland Plan of C&D Committee, Hartland Land Trust Kathy Dunn*-Hartland Land TrustSimsbury: Sally Rieger*-Simsbury Land Trust, FRWA VolunteerMargery Winters*-Simsbury Inland Wetlands & Conservation Commission Suzanne Battos-Conservationist Windsor: Frank Davis*-Chair, Conservation Commission, Riparian LandownerBetsy Conger-Loomis Chafee School Science Dept. Terry Langevin-Friends of Northwest Park Board MemberMelissa Vanek-Environmental/Science EducatorStanley Black & Decker:Kurt Link*-Lean, Productivity & Facilities Mgr., Stanley Black & Decker

FRWA: Sarah Hinks*-FRWA Board, VolunteerEileen Fielding*-FRWA Executive DirectorAimee Petras-FRWA Sta� CFPA: Eric Hammerling*-Executive DirectorTVA: Wanda Colman-Member, PhotographerSBWA: David Tolli*-SBWA Board PRWA: Mary Moulton-PRWA PresidentCT DEEP: Susan Peterson*Maryann Nusom Haverstock*National Park Service:Jamie Fosburgh-Rivers Program ManagerJoyce Kennedy Raymes-Study Coordinator

* O� cially Appointed

FRWA749 Hopmeadow StreetSimsbury, CT 06070

Printed on 100% recycled paper.Printed with vegetable based inks.

www.lowerfarmingtonriver.org www.salmonbrookwildandscenic.org

Look inside to fi nd

instructions on how to

provide support through Public

Comment.

NONPROFIT ORG.US POSTAGE

PAIDHARTFORD, CTPERMIT NO 158

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