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WILDLIFE DISEASES:What you don’t know COULD kill you!
Andy Radomski, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota-Crookston
Natural Resources - Wildlife
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Graduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
STRESSORS OF TEXASBOBWHITES: ARE THEY TO
BLAME FOR THEIR DECLINE?
Rio Grande PlainsTPWD Quail Survey
0102030405060
Year
Mea
n N
umbe
r P
er R
oute
BobwhiteScaled
r=-0.142P=0.561
BOOM-BUST HYPOTHESES
El Nino / Habitat Degradation Parasitic Infection / R.E.V. Fire Ants Nutritional Deficiencies Endocrine Disruptors
Corticosterone
Radio-Immuno Assay (RIA)
My Neat Experiences:
• Undergraduate
• Wisconsin DNR – Lake Michigan
• Lyme Disease
• USFWS National Wildlife Health Lab
• Graduate
• Postdoctorate
Environment Human
Disease
ZOONOTIC DISEASES:
• Wildlife diseases transmissible to humans:
RABIES GIARDIASIS
PLAQUE RMSP
LYME DISEASE TULAREMIA
HISTOPLASMOSISHANTAVIRUSRACCOON RNDWORM SARCOCYSTIC
RABIES• “Hydrophobia” or “Rage”• Virus (F. Rhabdoviridae)• Only warm-blooded animals• Symptoms in 10 days to several months • Normally from bite or saliva• Can be aerosal - bat caves in TX• May be abnormal in appearance or behavior• Prophylaxis (pre-exposure vaccines
and Control (killed vaccines)
GIARDIASIS
• Giardiasis, “Beaver Fever”• Protozoan (Giardia lamblia)• Intestinal disorder• Ingest cyst in water, feces or contact with
an infected animal (beaver and muskrat)• Chronic diarrhea, weight loss and malaise• Effective medications; preventative –
avoid drinking untreated water
PLAGUE• “Black Death”, “Pest”
• Bacterium (Yersinia pestis); Fleas transmit
• Isolated cases in West and Texas
• Wild rodent, rabbits, carnivores
• Fever, swollen lymph nodes, progressing to high fever, confusion and fatique
• Untreated – high fatality rate
• Treatment – tetracycline or other drugs
•Loss 1/3 world population (1800s)
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
• Bacterium (Rickettsia rickettsii)
• Ticks transmit (several spp.)
Bite or crushed ticks or tick feces
• Flu-like symptoms; fever, chills, aches
• Rubber gloves, wash hands, remove ticks
• Usually 4 hours for tick transmittal
LYME DISEASE
• Bacterium (Borrelia burgdorferi)
• Ticks and fleas
• Old Lyme, Connecticut
• 3 stages: (1) Flu-like, (2) Small red lesion around bite, (3) Recurrent arthritis
• Treatment: Antibiotics
TULAREMIA• “Rabbit fever or disease”, “Francis’ disease”
• Bacterium (Francisella tularensis)
• Many hosts; humans usually infected by rabbits during skinning process, ingestion, or from tick/flea/deerfly bites
• Symptoms: fever, infected sores, “flu-like”
• Rabbits with white spots on liver/spleen
• Rarely fatal; treatable
HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Fungus (Histoplasma capsulatum)
• Respiratory ailment – inhale spores
• Blackbird and pigeon roosts, bat caves, and chicken houses
• Symptoms highly variable; severe cases resemble tuberculosis
Focal necrosis in liver
Abscessed mesentericlymph node
HANTAVIRUS
• Group of viruses
• Infected rodents; urine, feces, and/or saliva – aerosal and direct
• Kidney, blood, respiratory ailments
• Can be fatal
RACCOON ROUNDWORM:
• Intestinal roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis
• Infectious: cottontail rabbits, mammals, birds
• Signs: neurological disease; circling, abnormal posture, blindness
• Lesions: CNS, larvae as white nodules in abdominal or thoracic viscera
SARCOCYSTOSIS
• “Rice breast”, “Long grain rice disease”
• Protozoan (Sarcocystis spp.)
• Most vertebrates; intermediate host
CUTANEOUS WARBLES
• Larval flies (Cuterebra spp.)
• Signs: increased scratching/grooming
• Lesions: localized swellings (0.5-1”)
• Squirrels and rodents; common in SE
• Occasionally debilitating
• Restricted to skin
DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
• Hunters typically report abnormalities
• Some gross lesions are specific and indicative of a specific disease
• USFWS Wildlife Health Lab
• State Agency
• University – Medical, Veterinary
Avian Pox
2 Good Field Books
• Field Guide to Wildlife Diseases, General Field Procedures and Diseases of Migratory Birds (USDI – Madison, WI)
• Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases in the Southeastern United States (Davidson, W.R. and V.F. Nettles – SCWDS)