wiley ch21

Package Title: TestbankCourse Title: pap14Chapter Number: 21

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?

a) arteriesb) capillariesc) venulesd) arteriolese) veins

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.2 Outline the vessels through which the blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

2) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?

a) arteriesb) arteriolesc) aortad) veinse) capillaries

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.2 Outline the vessels through which the blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

3) Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

a) tunica internab) tunica mediac) tunica externad) tunica albugineae) tunica fascia

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

4) Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?

a) tunica internab) tunica mediac) tunica externad) tunica albugineae) tunica fascia

Answer: c


5) When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing

a) tear in the vessel.b) new vessel branching off the artery or arteriole.c) a vascular spasm.d) tetanus.e) increased blood flow to the damaged vessel.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

6) Elastic arteries function as

a) vasodilators.b) conduits to the tissues of the trunk only.c) barriers to microcirculation.d) pressure reservoirs.e) vasoconstrictors.

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.3 Distinguish between pressure reservoirs and blood reservoirs.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

7) In resting individuals, which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?

a) Arteries and arteriolesb) Arterioles and capillariesc) Venules and capillariesd) Veins and venulese) Aorta and veins

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.3 Distinguish between pressure reservoirs and blood reservoirs.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

8) Which type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries?

a) arteriesb) arterioles

c) venulesd) veinse) aorta

Answer: b


9) Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT in arteries?

a) tunica externab) tunica mediac) tunica internad) valvee) lumen

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

10) Capillaries are also referred to as

a) exchange vessels.b) vasoconstrictors.c) vasodilators.d) pressure reservoirs.e) distributing vessels.

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.

Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

11) Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange?

a) diffusionb) transcytosisc) bulk flowd) primary active transporte) secondary active transport

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.2 Discuss the pressures that cause movement of fluids between capillaries and interstitial spaces.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.2 Capillary Exchange

12) Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?

a) thoroughfare channelsb) precapillary sphinctersc) postcapillary sphinctersd) venulese) valves in veins

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.2 Outline the vessels through which the blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

13) Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries?

a) skeletal muscleb) smooth musclec) connective tissued) lungs

e) all of these choices

Answer: e


14) The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called

a) a thoroughfare channel.b) a blood reservoir.c) a detour route.d) collateral circulation.e) microcirculation.

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.2 Outline the vessels through which the blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

15) The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is

a) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.b) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.c) blood colloid osmotic pressure.d) blood hydrostatic pressure.e) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Answer: c


16) The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called

a) reabsorption.b) filtration.c) bulk flow.d) osmosis.e) transcytosis.

Answer: b


17) The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called

a) stroke volume.b) tidal volume.c) cardiac output.d) cardiac reserve.e) total peripheral resistance.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.1 Explain the factors that regulate the volume of blood flow.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood Flow

18) Cardiac output is dependent on both

a) heart rate and stroke volume.b) stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance.c) heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.d) blood type and stroke volume.e) blood pressure and heart rate

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.

Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.1 Explain the factors that regulate the volume of blood flow.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood Flow

19) Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?

a) Increased blood volumeb) Increased sympathetic stimulationc) Increased heart rated) Increased stroke volumee) Increased arteriolar vasodilation

Answer: e

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.4 Describe how blood pressure is regulated.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.4 Control of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow

20) Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance?

a) Decreased diameter of systemic arteriolesb) Increased blood viscosityc) Decreased length of the systemic circulatory routed) Increased vasoconstriction of systemic arteriolese) Increased red blood cell count

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.3 Describe the factors that determine mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood Flow

21) Which of the following characteristics of blood depends mostly on the ratio of RBCs to plasma volume?

a) total blood volumeb) blood viscosityc) venous returnd) clotting timee) immunoglobulin profile

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.4 Describe the relationship between cross-sectional area and velocity of blood flow.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood Flow

22) Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems?

a) Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in hemostasis when skin is damaged.b) Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix.c) Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs.d) Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver.e) Blood circulates cells and chemicals that carry out immune functions.

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.22 Describe how the cardiovascular system contributes to homeostasis.Section Reference 1: Focus on Homeostasis: The Cardiovascular System

23) The cardiovascular center is located

a) in the thoracic cavity.b) in the cerebral cortex.c) in the cerebellum.d) in the medulla oblongata.e) in the hypothalamus.

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.4 Describe how blood pressure is regulated.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.4 Control of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow

24) All of the following aid in venous return of blood to heart EXCEPT

a) the skeletal muscle pump.b) the respiratory pump.c) blood viscosity.d) venoconstriction

e) venous valves.

Answer: c


25) Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?

a) Increased systemic vascular resistanceb) Increased parasympathetic stimulationc) Decreased heart rated) Decreased stroke volumee) Decreased cardiac output

Answer: a


26) Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?

a) Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)b) Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)c) Aldosteroned) Angiotensine) Epinephrine

Answer: a


27) When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT

a) increased vasoconstriction of arterioles.b) increased blood pressure.

c) decreased respiratory rate.d) increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins.e) increased vasoconstriction of veins.

Answer: c


28) The myogenic response of smooth muscle results in

a) more forceful contractions when stretched.b) more forceful contractions when relaxedc) tetany.d) relaxation of smooth muscle when stretched.e) formation of new desmosomes.

Answer: a


29) In which of the following types of blood vessels is blood pressure NOT pulsing?1. Arteries2. Capillaries3. Arterioles4. Venules

a) 1 onlyb) 2 onlyc) 3 onlyd) 4 onlye) Both 2 and 4

Answer: e

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.5 Define pulse, and systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.5 Checking Circulation

30) Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause an large increase in the

a) blood colloid osmotic pressure.b) central venous pressure.c) pulse pressure.d) venular hydrostatic pressure.e) capillary hyrdostatic pressure.

Answer: c

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.5 Define pulse, and systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.5 Checking Circulation

31) This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume.

a) Hypovolemicb) Cardiogenicc) Vasculard) Obstructivee) Neurogenic

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.6 Describe the four types of shock and the negative feedback process involved in the body's response.Study Objective 2: SO 21.6.1 Define shock, and describe the four types of shock.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.6 Shock and Homeostasis

32) Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) A and Be) A, B and C

Answer: b


33) Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall is composed of a simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) A and Be) A, B, and C

Answer: a


34) Which labeled structure in the figure is a metarteriole?

a) Ab) Bc) Dd) Fe) E

Answer: b


35) Which labeled structure in the figure is a capillary?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E

Answer: d


36) Which labeled structure in the figure is precapillary sphincter?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

37) Which of the capillaries shown in the figure has an incomplete or absent basement membrane?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) A and Be) A, B, and C

Answer: c


38) Which of the types of capillaries shown in the figure is commonly found in the kidneys, villi of the small intestine, choroid plexuses, and some endocrine glands?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) A and Be) B and C

Answer: b


39) What physiological process is depicted in this figure?

a) Venous blood blockageb) Skeletal muscle pumpc) Respiratory pumpd) Thoroughfare channelse) Anastomosis

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.1 Explain the factors that regulate the volume of blood flow.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood Flow

40) What do following arteries have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and common carotid artery?

a) They are all areas where Korotkoff sounds cannot be heard.b) They are all only found on the left side of the body.c) They are all common pulse points.d) They all contain baroreceptors.e) They all deliver blood to structures in the head.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.5 Define pulse, and define systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.5 Checking Circulation

41) Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock?

a) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system.b) Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)c) Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS.d) Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).e) Release of local vasodilators.

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.6 Describe the four types of shock and the negative feedback process involved in the body's response.Study Objective 2: SO 21.6.2 Explain how the body’s response to shock is regulated by negative feedback.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.6 Shock and Homeostasis

42) All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the

a) superior vena cava.b) inferior vena cava.c) coronary sinus. d) superior and inferior vena cava.e) superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

Answer: e

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.7 Describe and compare the major routes that blood takes through various regions of the body.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.7 Circulatory Routes

43) The pulmonary trunk divides into

a) brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian arteryb) right and left subclavain arteries.c) right and left pulmonary veins.d) right and left pulmonary arteries.

e) right and left common carotid arteries.

Answer: d


44) In fetal circulation, what is the opening between the right and left atria called?

a) Ductus venoususb) Umbilicusc) Fossa ovalisd) Foramen ovalee) Ductus arteriosus

Answer: d


45) Which of the following vessels is a pulse point found at the wrist?

a) Radial arteryb) Subclavian arteryc) Axillary arteryd) Cephalic arterye) Palmar artery

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.5 Define pulse, and define systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.5 Checking Circulation

46) Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

a) Radial arteryb) Subclavian arteryc) Mesenteric artery

d) Coronary arterye) Popliteal artery

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.12 Identify the visceral and parietal branches of the abdominal aortaSection Reference 1: Exhibit 21.E Abdominal Aorta

47) Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the kidneys?

a) Hepatic arteryb) Renal arteryc) Mesenteric arteryd) Coronary arterye) Popliteal artery

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.12 Identify the visceral and parietal branches of the abdominal aortaSection Reference 1: Exhibit 21.E Abdominal Aorta

48) Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

a) Jugular veinb) Superior vena cavac) Tibial veind) Coronary veine) Inferior mesenteric vein

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.19 Identify the principal superficial and deep veins that drain the lower limbs.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.L Veins of the Lower Limbs

49) Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

a) Median cubital veinb) Inferior vena cavac) Axillary vein

d) Femoral veine) Jugular vein

Answer: e

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.15 Identify the three major veins that drain blood from the head.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.H Veins of the Head and Neck

50) Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium?

a) Inferior vena cavab) Superior vena cavac) Tibial veind) Coronary veine) Iliac vein

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.14 Identify the three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.G Veins of the Systemic Circulation

51) When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with

a) placental fluid.b) platelet plugs.c) connective tissue.d) smooth muscle.e) epithelial tissue.

Answer: c


Question type: Essay

52) Describe the vessel wall characteristics of the five main types of blood vessels that blood travels through from the time it leaves the left ventricle until it returns to the right atrium.

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.1 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood VesselsSolution: Blood is carried away from the heart in arteries. All arteries have an outer tunica externa (mostly elastic and collagen fibers), an inner tunica media (mostly smooth muscle and elastic fibers) and a lining called the tunica interna (endothelial tissue). Large diameter arteries have more elastic fibers than smooth muscle in their walls and conduct blood to regions of the body, e.g. the subclavian artery carries blood toward the upper extremity. As arteries enter a body region, they branch and their diameters decrease. Their walls have proportionately more smooth muscle than elastic tissue. These arteries are called muscular or distributing arteries, e.g. the radial artery. Branching of the blood vessels continues until the vessels are nearly microscopic arterioles. Arterioles have little elastic tissue, but can change diameter quickly because of the smooth muscle in their wall. Thus, they are the major sites of regulation of blood pressure and distribution. Arterioles feed into capillary beds. Capillaries are the sites of exchange between the tissues and the blood. Venules drain the capillaries and begin the path back to the heart. Venules merge to form veins (and ultimately, vena cava) that carry the blood to the heart. Veins have much less smooth muscle than arteries. Vein also have valves that help prevent backflow of blood.

53) In a freak accident, an overheated and dehydrated roofer falls off the roof and onto a mirror that is being brought into a construction site. The mirror breaks and cuts several blood vessels, including the femoral artery. What will happen to the roofer’s NFP in his capillary beds? Why?

Answer:

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.2 Discuss the pressures that cause movement of fluids between capillaries and interstitial spaces.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.2 Capillary ExchangeSolution: If the roofer overheated, he probably had already lost a significant volume of body fluid through perspiration as his body tried to cool off. That loss would account for the dehydration. Loss of fluid without significant loss of solutes causes the blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP) to increase. The cuts the roofer suffered would cause hemorrhaging and a loss of blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP). If the BHP goes down and the BCOP goes up, the net filtration pressure (NFP) should decrease because NFP = (BHP + IFOP) – BCOP. [IFOP is the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure, which is so much smaller than the BHP or BCOP that it usually doesn’t change NFP.]

54) Identify and discuss the factors that contribute to systemic vascular resistance.

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.3 Describe the relationship between blood volume, pressure and flow.Study Objective 2: SO 21.3.3 Describe the factors that determine mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.3 Hemodynamics: Factors Affecting Blood FlowSolution: 1) Blood viscosity is dependent on the ratio of formed elements and proteins to plasma. In general, increased viscosity, via increased formed elements or decreasing plasma volume, increases resistance. 2) Total blood vessel length is directly proportional to resistance; thus, increasing length of circuit (by adding new blood vessels to serve added tissue) increases resistance. 3) Diameter/radius of blood vessels, which is primarily controlled by ANS, has a major effect on resistance. Increased vessel diameter decreases resistance, thus increasing flow. In general, changes in the diameter of small vessels (e.g. arterioles) have greater effect because more surface area is in contact with blood.

55) Describe the route of an RBC traveling from the heart to the left elbow and back to the heart.

Answer:

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.1 Describe the pressure and volume relationships of the vessels as blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Study Objective 2: SO 21.1.2 Outline the vessels through which the blood moves in its passage from the heart to the capillaries and back.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.1 Structure and Function of Blood VesselsSolution: From the heart, the RBC will enter the ascending aorta and then the aortic arch. The RBC will exit the aorta through the left subclavian artery, continue on that route through the axillary artery and into the brachial artery. At the elbow, the blood cell will exit into one of the small distributing arteries, move into a capillary bed, and then into venules in the elbow region. The RBC will then probably enter the median cubital vein and move into either the basilic or the cephalic vein. The basilic vein drains into the brachial vein, which drains into the axillary vein. The cephalic vein drains directly into the axillary vein. From axillary vein, the RBC will travel into the subclavian and brachiocephalic veins before entering the superior vena cava. The SVC will take the RBC back to the heart.

56) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “B”?

a) right ulnar arteryb) right subclavian arteryc) right radial arteryd) right brachial arterye) right axillary artery

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.8 Describe the four principal aortic divisions and the arterial branches that arise from each.Study Objective 2: SO 21.8.1 Identify the four principal divisions of the aorta.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.A The Aorta and Its Branches

57) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “A”?

a) right subclavian arteryb) right radial arteryc) right common carotid arteryd) right brachial arterye) right axillary artery

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.8 Describe the four principal aortic divisions and the arterial branches that arise from each.Study Objective 2: SO 21.8.1 Identify the four principal divisions of the aorta.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.A The Aorta and Its Branches

58) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “B”?

a) left femoral veinb) left great saphenous veinc) left popliteal veind) left anterior tibial veine) left fibular vein

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.14 Identify the three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.G Veins of the Systemic Circulation

59) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “C”?

a) left femoral veinb) left great saphenous veinc) left popliteal veind) left anterior tibial veine) left fibular vein

Answer: b


60) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “F”?

a) left femoral veinb) left great saphenous veinc) left popliteal veind) left anterior tibial veine) left small saphenous vein

Answer: d


61) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “C”?

a) accessory hemiazygos veinb) hemiazygos veinc) left gonadal veind) right renal veine) right suprarenal vein

Answer: c

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.18 Identify the principal veins that drain the abdomen and pelvis.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.K Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

62) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “D”?

a) accessory hemiazygos veinb) hemiazygos veinc) right renal veind) right suprarenal veine) pericardial vein

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.18 Identify the principal veins that drain the abdomen and pelvis.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.K Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

63) Which vessel in the figure is labeled “G”?

a) accessory hemiazygos veinb) hemiazygos veinc) right suprarenal veind) pericardial veine) azygos vein

Answer: e

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.17 Identify the components of the azygos system of veins.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.J Veins of the Thorax


64) What is the main difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations with respect to their autoregulatory response to changes in blood O2 level?

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 21.4 Describe how blood pressure is regulated.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.4 Control of Blood Pressure and Blood FlowSolution: In systemic circulation, low O2 causes dilation of the blood vessel walls. This will lead to increase in O2 delivery to tissues. In pulmonary circulation, the opposite occurs in response to low levels of O2. The pulmonary vessels constrict to ensure blood only goes to those alveoli that are receiving rich O2 supply and avoids poorly ventilated sacs.


65) During embryonic development, blood vessels are formed by

a) endodermal cells.b) pluripotent stem cells.c) angioblasts.d) fibroblasts.e) osteoblasts.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.20 Describe the development of blood vessels and blood, and explain the effects of aging and disorders on the cardiovascular system.Study Objective 2: SO 21.20.1 Describe the development of blood vessels and blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.8 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood

66) During embryonic development, blood cells are formed from

a) endodermal cells.b) pluripotent stem cells.c) angioblasts.d) fibroblasts.e) osteoblasts.

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.20 Describe the development of blood vessels and blood, and explain the effects of aging and disorders on the cardiovascular system.Study Objective 2: SO 21.20.1 Describe the development of blood vessels and blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.8 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood


67) What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation.

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.18 Identify the principal veins that drain the abdomen and pelvis.Section Reference 1: Exhibit 21.K Veins of the Abdomen and PelvisSolution: A vein that carries blood from one capillary network to another is called a portal vein. The hepatic portal circulation carries venous blood from the gastrointestinal organs and spleen to the liver. It receives blood from GI organs and the spleen and delivers it to the liver. After a meal it is very rich in nutrients absorbed from the GI tract.


68) Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is

a) 120/80.b) 130/90.c) 80/120.d) 100/80.e) 150/85.

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 21.5 Define pulse, and define systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.5 Checking Circulation

69) Which of the following types of blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?

a) arteriolesb) capillariesc) venulesd) veinse) vena cavae

Answer: a


70) What would the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80?

a) 40; 100b) 40; 93.3 c) 40; 103.3d) 200; 100e) 100; 200

Answer: b


71) Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

a) Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone.b) Kidneys conserve salt and water.c) Heart rate increases.d) Systemic arterioles vasodilate.e) Heart contractility increases.

Answer: d

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 21.6 Describe the four types of shock and the negative feedback process involved in the body's response.Study Objective 2: SO 21.6.2 Explain how the body’s response to shock is regulated by negative feedback.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.6 Shock and Homeostasis

72) The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

a) right atrium to the right ventricle .b) right ventricle to the left atrium.c) left atrium to the left ventricle.d) left ventricle to the right atrium.e) left ventricle to the coronary sinus.

Answer: b


73) All of the following changes are commonly observed in the cardiovascular system in response to aging EXCEPT

a) decreased cardiac output.b) increased compliance of the aorta.c) loss of cardiac muscle strength.d) decline in maximum heart rate.e) increased systolic blood pressure.

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.21 Explain the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system.Section Reference 1: Sec 21.9 Aging and the Cardiovascular System

74) Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

a) Normalb) High normalc) Prehypertensiond) Stage 1 hypertensione) Stage 2 hypertension

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.23 Describe the disorders that affect blood vessels.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Cardiovascular System

75) Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

a) Diureticsb) ACE inhibitorsc) Beta blockersd) Calcium channel blockers

e) Anabolic steroids

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 21.23 Describe the disorders that affect blood vessels.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Cardiovascular System

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