Want to be my Hero?

Will you be my Hero?Case Study Project Barbara Trippeer1If you want to be my hero,then start with a seed.

2Sustainability

3Why Sustainability?Currently, world population is over 6 billion people*

Projections for the future global population for 2050 now is at apx 8.9 billion. *

That means, by the time we are done with class, more than 10,000 new people will have entered the world, a rate of ~3 per second! *

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html*United Nations Population Fund, based on 1998 analyses (see The State of World Population 1999)

4Sustainabilty: Why Now?Human existence has always been closely linked to the use of natural resources, yet with population growth and ever increasing technology, the demand for those natural resources has increased at such an alarming rate that it is now a serious threat to not only our environment, but also our economic and social equilibrium. *

Associated environmental problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, depletion of nonrenewable resources, and their impacts on economy, could absorb up to 20% of the world Gross Domestic Product in 2050. *

* Development of a depletion indicator for natural resources used in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 54, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 364376G. Haberta, , , Y. Bouzidib, C. Chena, A. Jullienc,

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What can we do?6

Earth needs a Hero!7What Makes a Hero? Hero Case StudyA Case Study using both Inductive and Deductive Applications

Defining Heroes Through Deductive and Inductive Investigations Sullivan, Michael P; Venter,Anr. The Journal of Social Psychology150. 5 (Sep/Oct 2010)

8Inductive vs. DeductiveDefining Heroes Through Deductive and Inductive InvestigationsSullivan, Michael P; Venter,Anr. The Journal of Social Psychology150. 5 (Sep/Oct 2010)Inductive ResearchDeductive ResearchInductive Research takes one piece of information and generalizes to apply it to a larger view or group. A researchers approach goes from the specific to general and a hypothesis is formed.

In this case study, a definition of hero was sought inductively by examining the specific reasons participants cited in choosing their heroes.

Deductive research takes a lot of information that a researcher may have gathered or general information such as theories, laws or a principle and tries to draw a conclusion, generating a specific hypothesis that a researcher is able to test and prove right or wrong.

In this case study, in approaching the question deductively, individuals were asked to define the term "hero" and responses were then graded according to existing definitions.

9Hero Case StudyDefining Heroes Through Deductive and Inductive Investigations Sullivan, Michael P; Venter,Anr. The Journal of Social Psychology150. 5 (Sep/Oct 2010)

Individuals in different contexts are referred to as "heroes" for seemingly different reasons. To better understand how and why people use this term, three studies were conducted.

First, approaching the question deductively, individuals were asked to define the term "hero" and responses were then graded according to existing definitions.

Then, a definition of hero was sought inductively by examining the specific reasons participants cited in choosing their heroes. A third study further examined individuals' descriptions of their heroes in light of their own self views (constructivist).

The findings across these studies extend the understanding of the term hero and suggest that the use of the term is based both on the specific features of any heroic figure (idiographic), as well as on the self views of the person identifying the hero (contextual).10

If we can define ourselves as a Heroes,Then we can apply ourselves to EarthsWicked Problem

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Sustainability: A Wicked Problem

Using Herbert Simons definition for wicked problems, and based on how Jones defines the new complexity in design issues, the issue of sustainability requires engaged, innovative and collaborative design.

UNTs own Office of Sustainability suggests that Sustainability is best when attacked using 3 prong approach: 1.) Social, 2.) Economic, 3.) EnvironmentalH. A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, 1 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 196 8).J. C. Jones, Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures, 27-34 (London: Wiley & Sons, 19672). http://sustainable.unt.edu/our-commitment12

Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line: three branches

According to John Elkington, the Director of the SustainAbility strategy consultancy and author of the Third Wave,the three components of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL: social, environmental and economic bottom line) are also presented as: people, planet and profits.

Elkington, J. (1998). Cannibalizing with Forks. New Society Publishers: Gabriola Island BC, Canada13But is Sustainability Achievable?

14The problem with Natural ResourcesA Theoretical Essay on Sustainability and Environmentally Balanced Growth Output:Natural Capital, Constrained Depletion of Resources and Pollution Generation

Augusto Marcos Carvalho de Sena

A Theoretical Essay on Sustainability and Environmentally Balanced Output Growth: Natural Capital, Constrained Depletion of Resources and Pollution GenerationAugusto Marcos Carvalho de Sena *., E-mail address: amsena@unifor.br Mestrado em Administrao/Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Available online at http://www.anpad.org.br/bar , BAR, Curitiba, v. 6, n. 3, art. 3, p. 213-229, July/Sept. 2009

The author in this is case study uses an integrative research methodology, combining a qualitative (seeking definitions)-analytical (appraising models) blend to reach a conceptual perspective (theory) regarding sustainability, specific to output growth in renewables as an inverse to depletion of natural resources.

First, a qualitative approach was undertaken in order to obtain, in the environmental literature, a suitable definition of natural capital. The objective was to clearly define natural capital and connect it to sustainability.

Second, an analytical approach was used in order to conceive two different models regarding optimal output production growth one considering output production constrained by the use of a nonrenewable natural resource input, and the other contemplating pollution control over a production process that damages air quality (pollution) as output. Both models treated output production and environmental variables under a single approach optimal environmentally based output growth.

The main objective of this essay is to introduce a new conceptual qualitative perspective allowing for sustainability to be appraised in line with constrained environmental damage, e. g., via renewing renewable natural resources, as potential compensation to counterbalance the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources.

16Sustainability in ActionSustainable Cities: A Case Study using Qualitative & Quantitative ResearchCase studies in quantitative urban sustainabilityTechnology in Society 28 (2006) 105123, www.elsevier.com/locate/techsoc

Y. Chi, E. Walsh, T. Wang, H. Shi, O. Babakina, A. Pennock, T.E. Graedel *, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

17Qualitative vs. Quantitative Empirical Research on International Environmental Policy: Designing Qualitative Case Studies, Ronald Mitchell and Thomas Bernauer, The Journal of Environment Development 1998 7: 4, Published by: http://www.sagepublications.comQualitiative ResearchQuantitative ResearchQualitative methodologists are interested in evaluating and generalizing causal inferences pursue the same goal as Quantitative Research.

Qualitative methods are used when few cases exist for the researcher to use in evaluating theoretical claims.

Instead of isolating causal relationships through large numbers of cases and statistical procedures, qualitative methodologists evaluate such relationships by holding other variables constant through careful case selection.Quantitative methodologists seek to understand causal relationships by conceptualizing, measuring, and analyzing information about the real world by means of numerical data representing explicitly defined variables.

They analyze these data via statistical procedures to compare a large number of cross-sectional or longitudinal observations with the aim of identifying potentially strong, nonrandom, correlations between explanatory (or independent) variables and effects (or dependent variables).

18Urban SustainabilityCase studies in quantitative urban sustainabilityTechnology in Society 28 (2006) 105123, www.elsevier.com/locate/techsocWalsh E, Babakina O, Pennock A, Shi H, Chi Y, Wang T, et al. Quantitative guidelines for urban sustainability. I.Sustainability requirements. Technol Soc 2005 [this issue].Y. Chi, E. Walsh, T. Wang, H. Shi, O. Babakina, A. Pennock, T.E. Graedel *, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

In this study, the authors took a look at 4 specific cities with common characteristics but different geographical backgrounds and climate(Vietnam, Namibia, Serbia & Montenegro), and evaluated them according to their quantifiable urban actions related to sustainability (how they use their resources and generate waste, and its disposal).

Because many of the standards and requirements being put in place as part of the sustainability agenda are new, a longitudinal study of the cities histories was combined with probabilistic theories.

In applying quantitative data, and building upon an earlier study whereby those studies defined quantitative guidelines for urban sustainability, the authors concluded that working toward a more cohesive, systematic plan of urban sustainability was achievable, but that such a framework would need to be flexible and adaptive to evolutionary factors that might affect urban populations.

It becomes clear in the design process that it is important to think about how different urban subsystems, e.g. housing, transportation, and energy use, can be systematically treated as part of the urban design process. The goal is not to optimize the sustainability-related characteristics of any individual component of the design, but rather of the entire urban system. This optimization specialty is termed multiobjective optimization *, and it is an important tool to envision employing in future exercises in sustainable city design.

*Cohon JL. Multiobjective programming and planning. New York: Academic Press; 1978.19Longitudinal ResearchResearch Design: Descriptive Research, Helen L. DulockJournal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 1993 10:154, DOI: 10.1177/104345429301000406, http://jpo.sagepub/content/10/4/154

Longitudinal research design uses repeated data gathering points (repeated measures) to document and describe stability, change, or trends over time. The advantage of this design is that it has multiple observations or data points versus only one observation at one point in time. The disadvantage is potential dropout or attrition of subjects.

20Multiobjective OptimizationEquals multi-level complexities- a wicked problem like Sustainability requires Design Research and Analysis On many fronts.

The Question:US Domestic Textile and Garment Industry

Would it be possible to press the restart button and redevelop the once great domestic American Textile and Garment Industries here in the United States, but in a more Sustainable way?22Nomoethetic vs. IdiographicNuts-&-Bolts Series of Questions , adapted from material by Vanessa Richards, M.Phil, Simon Fraser University, 2008, and Ken Friedman, Ph.D., Professor and Dean of Design at Swineburne University of Technology, 2009 NomoetheticIdiographicA truly Nomoethetic theory attempts to describe what is true in general (free of time and context) rather than what is true on average.Nomoethetic describes many cases or situations so that the general patterns or relationship can been seen.Statistics are often used to quantify the information.Idiographic research is used to describe explicit knowledge of a group of people or a single individual, place, or event that is bound by time, context, and culture.An idiographic approach could be historical analysis of a single person or group of persons.23US Domestic Textile and Garment Industry:The Process versus The Products

24Is it possible to Relaunch the US Domestic Textile and Garment Industry?

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Creating a new domestic ProductWhat is it?What could it be?Who will want it?

2627Behavior: 5 levers to change(Key learning's from Unilevers Sustainability Iniativies) http://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/ourapproach/oursustainabilitystrategy/Encouragingbehaviourchange/Barriers what are the things that stop people from adopting a new behavior? Triggers how could we get people to start a new behavior?Motivators what are the ways to help them stick with the new behavior?

Make it understood. Do they believe its relevant to them? Make it easy. Do people know what to do and feel confident doing it? Can they see it fitting into their lives?Make it desirable. Will doing this new behavior fit with their actual or aspirational self-image (i.e will they feel like a hero)? Does it fit with how they relate to others or want to?Make it rewarding. Do people know when theyre doing the behavior right? What are the proofs or payoffs?Make it a habit. 28

Descriptive Case Studies

Research Design: Descriptive Research, Helen L. Dulock , Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 1993 10: 154, DOI: 10.1177/104345429301000406, http://jpo.sagepub.com/content/10/4/154

The purpose of a Descriptive Study is to describe one or more variables and/or determine if there is an association, or relationship, between them. Determining cause and effect (causal) relationships is not the goal.

In using descriptive research, the current status or present state of the phenomenon in a naturalistic setting is the focus of what is being observed, described, or documented. Data collected in the past (historical) such as data from a review of medical records, might also be the variable of interest in a descriptive study.

Subjects are selected on the basis that they possess the information or characteristics (such as feelings, values, attitudes, or health-illness status) that are the focus of the study.

Descriptive research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or population

29Cross-Sectional Case StudiesObservational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies, C J Mann, Emerg Med J 2003;20:5460, www.emjonline.com

Cross sectional studies are also used to infer causation, and are often carried out by way of a survey. Market research organizations often use cross sectional studies (for example, opinion polls).

Cross sectional studies are used to determine prevalence. They are relatively quick and easy but do not permit distinction between cause and effect.

30Branding(Key learning's from Unilevers Sustainability Iniativies) http://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/ourapproach/oursustainabilitystrategy/Encouragingbehaviourchange/

Challenge: Trigger s and Motivators

Make it desirable. Will doing this new behavior fit with their actual or aspirational self-image? Does it fit with how they relate to others or want to?

31Branding represented through Historical Research Studies Celebrity and charity: A historical case study of Danny Thomas and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1962-1991 , Brooke Weberling, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill PRism 7(2): http://praxis.massey.ac.nz/prism_on-line_journ.html Using historical methods, case study centers around the celebrity Danny Thomas and his efforts to found the non-profit health organization, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Through historical documents, relevant media coverage, and interviews, this study reviews Thomas' relationship-building strategies and public response from numerous stakeholders from 1962 to 1991, and examine St. Jude's various communication and fundraising tactics, which have helped cultivate public support for the organization.

In using this historically based profile, we look to some of the best practices in building a brand profile and the potential positive effects of aligning with a like-minded celebrity persona to help represent and promote the brand.

32Behavior Change: Making it StickCase Study: RelationalRelational Processes in Career TransitionThe Counseling Psychologist 2010 38: 1078 , Sue L. Motulsky

In this study, the author uses relational theory to explore how in relational processes, not just peoples relationships but more broadly their connections to self, others, and society, inform career development and counseling.

This case study also presents the results of a qualitative research study of midlife women in career transition that contributes to building an empirical foundation for relational perspectives in career development. The research focuses here on career transition for midcareer, midlife women.

Findings in this case study illustrate the ways participants connections across a range of relationships enhanced and supported their process of career change and how their disconnections hindered, and sometimes halted, their movement through the transition.

These kinds of relational findings can be then applied to predictions, or probabilities, on how potentially successful adopting a new sustainable product formula might be in a consumers life, and what might the possible barriers be in making such a change sustainable.

33Manufacturing: the second branch

34Is Domestic Production Viable?

Those Who Stayed Loyal: Comparative Case Study on SME manufacturers in New Zealand, Author: Rochford, Kylie.Publication info: Journal of Enterprising Communities 4. 4 (2010): 346-371.

As seen in our many of our own domestic manufacturing industries, there has sharp decline in the number of New Zealand manufacturers of consumer goods within the last five years. This raises questions regarding the viability of a domestic manufacturing strategy in a global marketplace.

In this case study, the author explores the performance of small and medium enterprise (SME) New Zealand manufacturers who continue to pursue a domestic manufacturing strategy.

The studies findings suggest that company size, export strategy, and importance placed on non-financial goals influence the viability of a domestic manufacturing strategy. This research suggests that SMEs need not succumb to pressures to shift manufacturing offshore in order to remain competitive in the local market.

35Would it work here in the US?

An analysis of small business in Chile: a correlational study, Robert N. Lussier, Department of Management, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, and Claudia E. Halab, Departamento de Administracion, Escuela de Ingeniera Comercial, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 15 Iss: 3 pp. 490 503

Design/methodology/approach The research on which this paper is based involves a survey correlational study involving a sample of 145 small business owners in Chile that replicates Lussiers earlier success variables validated in the USA.

Case study findings The results of this research study show that there were 26 significant correlations between the success variables.

Practical implications The findings indicate that small business owners and managers may benefit from using more professional advisors. Public policy makers should consider providing more professional help to small business.

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What can we do?37

In Conclusion:This complex issue requiresadditional research, in order to effectively combat Earths Wicked Problem.

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Plant a Seed, Watch it Grow:Sustainability

39Bibliography

Bibliographyhttp://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html*United Nations Population Fund, based on 1998 analyses (see The State of World Population 1999)* Development of a depletion indicator for natural resources used in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 54, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 364376, G. Haberta, , , Y. Bouzidib, C. Chena, A. Jullienc, Defining Heroes Through Deductive and Inductive Investigations Sullivan, Michael P; Venter,Anr. The Journal of Social Psychology150. 5 (Sep/Oct 2010)H. A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, 1 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 196 8).J. C. Jones, Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures, 27-34 (London: Wiley & Sons, 19672). http://sustainable.unt.edu/our-commitmentElkington, J. (1998). Cannibalizing with Forks. New Society Publishers: Gabriola Island BC, CanadaA Theoretical Essay on Sustainability and Environmentally Balanced Growth Output: Natural Capital, Constrained Depletion of Resources and Pollution Generation. Augusto Marcos Carvalho de Sena *., E-mail address: amsena@unifor.br Mestrado em Administrao/Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Available online at http://www.anpad.org.br/bar , BAR, Curitiba, v. 6, n. 3, art. 3, p. 213-229, July/Sept. 2009Sustainable Cities:Case studies in quantitative urban sustainability. Technology in Society 28 (2006) 105123, www.elsevier.com/locate/techsoc, Y. Chi, E. Walsh, T. Wang, H. Shi, O. Babakina, A. Pennock, T.E. Graedel *, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USAEmpirical Research on International Environmental Policy: Designing Qualitative Case Studies, Ronald Mitchell and Thomas Bernauer, The Journal of Environment Development 1998 7: 4, published by: http://www.sagepublications.comResearch Design: Descriptive Research, Helen L. Dulock, Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 1993 10:154, DOI: 10.1177/104345429301000406, http://jpo.sagepub/content/10/4/154

Bibliography

BibliographyNuts-&-Bolts Series of Questions , adapted from material by Vanessa Richards, M.Phil, Simon Fraser University, 2008, and Ken Friedman, Ph.D., Professor and Dean of Design at Swineburne University of Technology, 2009 http://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/ourapproach/oursustainabilitystrategy/Encouragingbehaviourchange/Research Design: Descriptive Research, Helen L. Dulock , Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 1993 10: 154, DOI: 10.1177/104345429301000406, http://jpo.sagepub.com/content/10/4/154Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies, C J Mann, Emerg Med J 2003;20:5460, www.emjonline.comCelebrity and charity: A historical case study of Danny Thomas and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1962-1991 , Brooke Weberling, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill PRism 7(2): http://praxis.massey.ac.nz/prism_on-line_journ.html Relational Processes in Career TransitionThe Counseling Psychologist 2010 38: 1078 , Sue L. MotulskyThose Who Stayed Loyal: Comparative Case Study on SME manufacturers in New Zealand, Author: Rochford, Kylie.Publication info: Journal of Enterprising Communities 4. 4 (2010): 346-371.An analysis of small business in Chile: a correlational study, Robert N. Lussier, Department of Management, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, and Claudia E. Halab, Departamento de Administracion, Escuela de Ingeniera Comercial, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 15 Iss: 3 pp. 490 503