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Willows as an industrial cropWillows as an industrial cropDr Ing. Dr Ing. Jan Wiesław DubasJan Wiesław Dubas
WENA KOCHAŃSKADUBAS JOLANTAWENA KOCHAŃSKADUBAS JOLANTAWyczółkowskiego Street 39Wyczółkowskiego Street 39
58500 Jelenia Góra58500 Jelenia GóraPOLANDPOLAND
phone nr: +48 512 004 880phone nr: +48 512 004 880office :+48 75 76 78 975office :+48 75 76 78 975
www.wena.jgora.plwww.wena.jgora.pl
CDM Afforestation/Reforestation Projects:CDM Afforestation/Reforestation Projects:International workshop for developers and investorsInternational workshop for developers and investors
26th 28th April 2010, Beijing, China26th 28th April 2010, Beijing, China
1. The gross income with 1 ha of the ploughland on the example of the Polish agriculture
crop Crop value Total gross income
grain 3 mg USD 100 x 3 = USD 300 USD 350
straw 1 mg USD 50 x 1 = USD 50
•For oats growing
2. For Salix viminalis var. gigantea genus willow growing
Crop of biomass with moisture content of approximately 45% ranges from 22 to 28 mg, that is 25 mg on average. This biomass contains ca. 250 GJ of potential energy.
The value of this energy compared to its equivalent in coal is USD 2250, because in Poland the value of 1 GJ of energy contained in hard coal is approximately USD 9 .
If the same crop of biomass from 1 hectare is used for methanol (CH3OH) production, then gross income would be ca. USD 18,000. This is so because the efficiency of biomass conversion into methanol is 40%, and the efficiency of fuel cell powered by methanol is twice higher compared to petrol engine, and in Poland 1 litre of petrol costs USD 1.6.
2. Why have I chosen Salix viminalis var. gigantea genus willow for growing as a leading energy plant?
energy efficiency of crop
wheat 3.5
rye 2.3
rape 3.4
potatoes 2.2
alfalfa 9.6
willow 28.8
Because: •Willow has highest energy efficiency of crop expressed as the ratio of energy efficiency to input energy – index: 28.8
Source: Borejesson P., Department of Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Sweden 1998.
2. Willow reaches highest energy efficiency after crop conversion – index: 14.40 efficiency after conversion
wheat 1.05
rye 0.69
rape 1.02
potatoes 0.66
alfalfa 4.80
willow 14.40
Source: Borejesson P., Department of Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Sweden 1998.
3. 3. There is freedom of genotype forming including predominance of features that maximise There is freedom of genotype forming including predominance of features that maximise proper wood growth and reduction of pathogenic properties.proper wood growth and reduction of pathogenic properties.
4. 4. Agricultural ecotype is characterised by habitatrelated typicality Agricultural ecotype is characterised by habitatrelated typicality ..
5. 5. Advantageous ratio of leaves area to proper woodAdvantageous ratio of leaves area to proper wood..
6. 6. Seasonal character of harvest – harvesting during still period for vegetationSeasonal character of harvest – harvesting during still period for vegetation..
7. 7. Low costs involved in acquiring thermal and electric energy. Low costs involved in acquiring thermal and electric energy.
8. 8. High productivity of willow cropHigh productivity of willow crop..
9. 9. Manysidedness of willow biomass useManysidedness of willow biomass use..
10. 10. Economic calculationEconomic calculation..
11. 11. Low risk and minor hazards for crops, both biotic and abioticLow risk and minor hazards for crops, both biotic and abiotic..
3. 3. The technology of the tillageThe technology of the tillage
Sequence of operations when establishing an energy willow plantation
1. Selection of land for future plantation.
2. Determination of soil richness
3. Soil preparation for plantings
4. Plantings
OPTIMAL ACIDITY OPTIMAL ACIDITY
OF SOIL OF SOIL
FOR ENERGY WILLOW FOR ENERGY WILLOW
CULTIVATIONCULTIVATION
5,5 – 6,5 pH5,5 – 6,5 pH
REQUIRED SOIL RICHNESS(in kg of pure component)
in the first year
in the next years e.g.
N20 P
18
K20 40→
N90 P
60
K90
Plantings layout for doublephase or manual harvest – stock: 2830 thousand rootstocks in 1 hectare.
The way for the tractor with the sprayerThe width 2,8 m
The way for the tractor with the sprayerThe width 2,8 m
Plantings layout for singlephase harvest with Claas type harvester – stock: approx. 22 thousand rootstocks in 1 hectare.
Plantings layout for singlephase harvest with modernised Claas type harvester –
stock: 3032 thousand rootstocks in 1 hectare.
The volume of N P K required to produce The volume of N P K required to produce 10 metric tons of willow dry substance 10 metric tons of willow dry substance
from 1 hectare in 1 yearfrom 1 hectare in 1 year
60 kg of Nitrogen (N) 60 kg of Nitrogen (N)
8 kg of Phosphorus (P) 8 kg of Phosphorus (P)
43 kg of Potassium (K) 43 kg of Potassium (K)
PIENIK WIERZBOWIEC PIENIK WIERZBOWIEC APHROPHORA SALICINA LARWY W PIANCE APHROPHORA SALICINA –
LARVAE IN FOAM
RYNNICA OSINÓWKA PRZĘDZIOREK WIERZBOWIECCHRYSOMELA TREMULAE USZKODZENIA
SCHIZOTETRANYCHUS SCHIZOPUS – defects
MSZYCA WIERZBOWO MARCHWIANA CAVARIELLA AEGOPODII
PĘDY USZKODZONE PRZEZ NIEKREŚLANKĘ WIERZBÓWKĘ
SPROUTS DAMAGED BY EARIAS CHLORANA
NAROŚLARZ PONTANIA PROXIMA
GĄSIENICA PŁOŻKA WIERZBOWCAAGONOPTERIX OCELLANA CATERPILLAR
