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Wilson and Fourteen Points
Mr. Williams10th Grade U.S. History
Armistice • Late 1918 war crippled German
economy• Civilians lacked food and supplies• Food riots and strikes• Revolution swept Austria-Hungary• November 11, 1918 WAR OVER
• “What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.”
-Woodrow Wilson 1918
14 Points Plan•“Just and Lasting Peace”•Plan for Peace at the end of The Great War•Self-Determination•League of Nations
Wilson the Fortune Teller• “I can predict with absolute
certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert [agree upon] the method by which to prevent it” –Woodrow Wilson
Self-Determination •The right of people to decide
their own political status•Wilson wanted the different
ethnic groups within Austria-Hungary to be able to form their own nation
League of Nations• League would be an
organization of nations that would work together to settle disputes, protect, democracy, and prevent future wars •Precursor to United Nations
Arguments for and Against• Three Groups•1: Democrats who supported
immediate ratification of the treaty•2: Irreconcilables who urged
outright rejection of U.S. Participation in the League
•3: Reservationists who focused their criticism of the charter that required its members to use military force to carry out the League’s decisions. •Republicans felt it interfered
with Congress powers to declare war
Paris Peace Conference• BIG FOUR• Woodrow Wilson• British Prime Minister David Lloyd
George• French premier Georges Clemenceau • Italian Prime Minister Vittorio
Orlando
Conflicting Views•Wilson’s Vision•Nations deal with each other
openly and traded fairly•Reducing their arsenals of
weapons •14 POINT PEACE PLAN
14 Points Role?• League of Nations established•Very Weak due to U.S. not
joining•Nine new nations would be
created Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia……..
Treaty of Versailles• Germany forced to accept sole
responsibility for starting the war• Reduce the size of its military• Give up territory won during and
years before war• Reparations: payments for damages
and expenses caused by the war
•What was the goal of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points? How was this going to be achieved? What was the goal of the other countries who were part of the “Big 4”? How did they achieve their goal?
3.8 Format
Impact in Europe• European Countries lost entire
generation of young men• France was in ruins•G.B. deeply in Debt to U.S.•Reparations on Germany
crippled its economy
Political Impact•Overthrow of monarchies in
Russia, A-H, Germany, O.E.•Bolsheviks rose to power•Revolts against colonialism, in
the Middle East and Asia
Social Impact•More than a million women
went into the workforce•19th Amendment Passed•African Americans moved to
northern cities and led to new and often uneasy race relations
Economic Impact • U.S. emerged as world’s leading
economic power• Farmers hit hard because European
markets no longer needed to buy their food or could really afford it• For years all of Europe’s resources
went to the war effort, this left most of Europe’s economy in shambles