““The American Expeditionary The American Expeditionary Force”Force”

America’s Army had to be built from scratch. Only the USMC had real combat experience -and then only in “ Small Wars” against poorly armed guerillas.

Minimal training turned civilians into officers, NCO’s Minimal training turned civilians into officers, NCO’s and and “Doughboys”“Doughboys”

AEF 4 millionAEF 4 million

Overseas 2 millionOverseas 2 million

126,000 Dead126,000 Dead

234,000 Wounded234,000 Wounded

A modern military force by 1918 with advanced logistics, tanks, bombers and artillery.

“He [ Pershing] was a strict disciplinarian” - Gen. George C. Marshall

PM Clemenceau PM Lloyd George Supreme Commander Foch

Pershing faced down enormous pressure from Allied Leaders

Insisted on separate American command

Difficulties because U.S. troops were “green” and inexperienced

Wilson shocks European leaders with Wilson shocks European leaders with visionary plan for a democratic “Peace visionary plan for a democratic “Peace Without Victory”Without Victory”

Immensely popular with Immensely popular with Europeans….but not their leaders.Europeans….but not their leaders.No Secret diplomacyNo Secret diplomacy

Freedom of the seaFreedom of the sea

National self-determinationNational self-determination

Reduction of armamentsReduction of armaments

Free TradeFree Trade

Rights of colonized peoplesRights of colonized peoples

A Just peaceA Just peace

League of NationsLeague of Nations““Even God Almighty only Even God Almighty only has ten.”has ten.”

ClemenceauClemenceau

The Sedition Act of 1918The Sedition Act of 1918 Baruch - War Industries Board

Hoover - Food Relief

Creel -Committee of Public Information

General Erich Ludendorf, Quartermaster-General of the Imperial German Army

Prince Max

Kaiser Wilhelm II forced to flee

Spartacist Revolt -Communist revolution in Berlin and Bavaria

Chancellor Ebert declares Germany

a REPUBLICREPUBLIC

I’m a loser

Quick…let’s crush the Commies !

THE BIG FOUR at VersaillesGeorge - “Hang the Kaiser”

Clemenceau - “Destroy Germany”

Orlando - “Isn’t anyone listening to me???”

Wilson - “League of Nations!”

Wilson proved an inept and isolated negotiator

A HARSH PEACEA HARSH PEACE Versailles Treaty Required:Versailles Treaty Required:

Loss of German territoryLoss of German territory

Loss of all German coloniesLoss of all German colonies

Army limited to 100,000 Army limited to 100,000 menmen

No Air Force, tanks, No Air Force, tanks, submarines etc.submarines etc.

$ 32 Billion Reparations$ 32 Billion Reparations

No membership in LeagueNo membership in League

Demilitarize bordersDemilitarize borders

Germany admits guilt for Germany admits guilt for WWIWWI

Wilson vs. The U.S. SenateToo stubborn to compromise, an exhausted Too stubborn to compromise, an exhausted President Wilson suffers a major strokePresident Wilson suffers a major stroke

Lodge

Ailing President Wilson

The failure of Versailles sets terrible forces in motion