WiMAX and Non-Standard WiMAX and Non-Standard SolutionsSolutions

Developed by Ermanno Pietrosemoli EsLaREd

Creative Commons License Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 30

Unit 14Unit 14

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ObjectivesObjectives

Describe WiMAX technology its motivation and compare it with WiFIReview some non-standard commercial solutions that have been used in the implementation of medium and long range wireless community networks

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ObjectivesObjectives

Describe WiMAX technology its motivation and compare it with WiFIReview some non-standard commercial solutions that have been used in the implementation of medium and long range wireless community networks

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AgendaAgenda

Introduction

Standards for wireless networks

WiMAX

Non standard solutions Alvarion Canopy MIKROTIK

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WANWide Area Network

PANPersonal Area Network

LANLocal Area Network

MANMetropolitan Area Network

80215

80211

80216d

80220

80216e

HiperPAN

HiperLAN

HiperMAN

HiperACCESS

IMT-2000

80222

Standards for wireless networksStandards for wireless networks

IEEE

UIT

ETSI

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IntroductionIntroduction

2000 Public auction in Venezuela of the 3400-3500 MHz frequency band to provide voice and data services

Unsuccessful for the following reasons

Absence of standards Need for line-of-sight between the base station and each

client

Both factors have a strong impact on the cost of deployment and motivated the establishment of a standard for networks of medium and long range preferably removing the line of sight requirement These features are met by the IEEE 80216 standard on which WiMAX is based

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IEEE 80216IEEE 80216

Born as a standard for wireless metropolitan networks (high speed reaching tens of km) for frequencies between 11 and 66 GHz

Point to Point or Point-to-Multipoint

First amendment to extend the range of operation at frequencies below 11 GHz and allowing OFDM which paves the way for non line of sight operation

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Burst adaptive ProfileBurst adaptive Profile

Burst Profile

Modulation and FEC allocated dynamically according to the link conditions Exchange of capacity for robustness

The capabilities of the SS are known at the time of initialisation

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Duplexing schemasDuplexing schemas

TDD The upstream and downstream links share the same

RF channel Dynamic asymmetry Efficient use of the spectrum

but requires guard time Optimized for packets SS does not transmit and receive simultaneously

which allows costs reduction Requires more power

FDD

Static asymmetry Requirement of guard band In Half Duplex cost is low

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IEEE 80216IEEE 80216

Built in Quality of Service (QoS) to meet the needs of interactive traffic (voice and video)

Takes advantage of multipath by using MIMO

Better spectral efficiency and a wide variety of techniques for using the channel SC OFDM OFDMA TDD FDD

Flexibility in managing bandwidth and spectrum variable and asymmetric channels licensed or unlicensed bands

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80216 vs 8021180216 vs 80211

QoS Multimedia no contention for channel access (80211e offers QoS)

Many additional users

Higher transmission rates up to 75 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel (but 80211n has even greater transmission rates)

Greater range

Variable bandwidth channels

Better spectral efficiency ~ 5 bps Hz (80211n has better spectral efficiency)

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Two different marketsTwo different markets

In countries with limited telecommunications infrastructure to provide fixed or nomadic access to voice and data using external antennas possibly in combination with other technologies such as WiFi PLC or Ethernet Based on the d amendment of the 80216

standard approved in 2004

In countries with good telecommunications infrastructure mobile access to voice and data Based on the e amendment of the 80216

standard approved in 2005

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WiMAX WiMAX Wireless Microwave AccessWireless Microwave Access

Nonprofit organisation sponsored by several companies to define profiles within the standard and ensure interoperability of products

Interoperability tests performed by two independent laboratories in Spain and South Korea

Promoting technology in a manner similar to what the WiFi Alliance did for 80211

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Fixed and mobile WiMAX Fixed and mobile WiMAX

The two versions of the standard are incompatible because they use different medium access techniques

Some manufacturers offer devices that implement both versions of the standard

Fixed and Mobile WiMAX are differentiated although there may be overlap

The mobile solution has a much smaller range on the order of a few kilometres while the fixed one with external antennas can reach tens of kilometers if there is line of sight

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WiMax vs WiFiWiMax vs WiFi

Wi-Fi was designed for networks with very few clients at close range

It has a lot of limitations when applied outdoors at distances of several miles due to the problem of the hidden node and the waiting time to receive ACK

Commercial solutions such as Solectek and Lucent use a non standard mechanism polling to resolve this limitation

Solectek Antenna1997

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WMM WiFi MultimediaWMM WiFi Multimedia

Another limitation is that Wi-Fi had no mechanisms to provide QoS

These mechanisms have been incorporated in 80211e which provides 4 categories of priority traffic Voice Video Best Effort Low Priority

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Scalability and throughputScalability and throughput

WiFi uses 20 MHz channels WiMAX is flexible allowing channels from 15 MHz to 20 MHz with spectral efficiency superior to that of 80211 a and g but lower than that of 80211n

The transmission rate can be different in the up and downlink channels and for near and far clients

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WiBROWiBRO

Is a WiMAX variant first to be commercially installed (South Corea 2006)

Nowadays is part of the mobile WiMAX standardised profiles

Implements handover at speeds up to 80 km h

Video quality and fast transfer of files

VoIP in small mobile terminals

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WiBROWiBRO

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WiBROWiBRO

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WiBROWiBRO

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WiMAX now a UIT standardWiMAX now a UIT standard

Extension of IMT-2000 to the frequencies between 25 GHz and 269 GHz

Part of IMT-2000 standards W-CDMA CDMA- 2000 TD-SCDMA OFDMA TDD WMAN

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New spectrum adjudication New spectrum adjudication for WiMAX by UITfor WiMAX by UIT

Potential to reach 2700 million peoplehttpwwwdailywirelessorg20070910luxor-wimaxed

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IEEE 80222 and Cognitive RadioIEEE 80222 and Cognitive Radio

Reuse of TV spectrum between 54 and 862 MHz

Suitable for rural communications due to its greater range

Maximum power of 1W for fixed devices and 100 mW for mobile

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Non-standard solutions Non-standard solutions

Alvarion

Motorola Canopy

Mikrotik

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AlvarionAlvarion

Offers a variety of wireless equipment for different applications

Originally proprietary equipment but now WiMAX approved

In Merida in 2002 a link was installed from a station that collects atmospheric data located at 4765 m altitude to the Universidad de Los Andes located at an altitude of 1800 m and at a distance of 15 km

A webcam transmits images of Pico Bolivar (5000 m) and other data in real time

httpwww-imkfzkdeimk2miraMeridaMeridahtml

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Instruments installed in MARSInstruments installed in MARS

Receiver for the 270 GHz signal Note the quality of the antenna reflector and the use of liquid nitrogen to reduce the receivers noise temperature Alejandro Humboldt Station Pico Espejo Merida State Venezuela httpwwwcecalculaveredbcestacionesestacion_pico_espejo_marshtml

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Alvarion DS 5800 Pico EspejoAlvarion DS 5800 Pico Espejo

IDU ODU

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Alvarion 4 motionAlvarion 4 motion

Alvarions WiMAX mobile solution is being deployed in Rosario (Argentina) by ERTACH in the 35 GHz band

httpwwwdailywirelessorg20071010

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Motorola CanopyMotorola Canopy

The Canopy line is a flexible solution for both PtMp and PtPt networks

It offers a variety of transmission speeds reaching up to 300 Mps

It works in all bands that do not require license in the United States 900 MHz 24 GHz 515 GHz 54 GHz and 58 GHz

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Motorola Canopy Base StationMotorola Canopy Base Station

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Motorola CanopyMotorola Canopy

26 dBi gain with reflector 8 dBi without reflector

PoE

UTP cable lighting protection

Being ported to WiMAX

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MikrotikMikrotik

Sells a linux based proprietary operating system that runs on different platforms allowing long distance links with different functionalities depending on the acquired license

It also offers hardware with preinstalled operating system

Board that accepts up to 3 radios

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Canopy Interference ImmunityCanopy Interference Immunity

Optimised for rejecting interference

The radios are designed to work with a mere 3 dB CI

Not affected by self-interference thanks to the synchronisation between different units using a GPS receiver

Compare with other systems that require between 8 and 25 dB CI

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ConclusionsConclusions

1 The IEEE 80216 Standard is the basis of WiMAX

2 There are two versions of WiMAX one for fixed clients based on IEEE 80216-2004 (80216d) and another for mobile clients based on IEEE 80216-2005 (80216e)

3 While WiMAX has many technical advantages with respect to WiFi the latter continues progressing and filling many of the gaps in the original standard and at the same time maintaining a significant economic advantage

The five main points that you must remember in this unit can be summarised as

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4 WiFi is more amenable to organisations that want to install their own infrastructure while WiMAX is usually installed by a big operator

5 Although there are commercial solutions for wireless networks that may be the most suitable in some cases it is generally preferable to use standard solutions with better guarantees of continuing support

ConclusionsConclusions