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Wind EnergyBasics
The Kidwind ProjectThe Kidwind Projectwww.kidwind.orgwww.kidwind.org
What is Electricity?
Electricity is energy transported by
the motion of electrons
Electricity is energy transported by
the motion of electrons
**We do not make electricity, we CONVERT other energy sources into electrical energy****We do not make electricity, we CONVERT
other energy sources into electrical energy**
Conversion is the name of the gameConversion is the name of the gameKidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Faraday Effect
• Faraday Effect
• Basic Concepts• Voltage – V – Potential to Move Charge (volts)• Current – I – Charge Movement (amperes or amps)• Resistance – R – V = IxR (R in =ohms)• Power – P = IxV = I2xR (watts)
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
How Does a Generator Work?
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Electricity!
• How much would it cost to run this 100 Watt bulb for a full day (24 hrs)?
• 100 Watts x 24 hours = 2400 Watt Hours (2400 Watt Hours = 2.4 Kilowatt Hours)
• 2.4 kWh x $0.08/kWh = $0.19
• What about this 25 Watt CFL light bulb, which produces the same amount of light?
• 25 Watts x 24 hours = 600 Watt Hours (600 Watt Hours = 0.6 Kilowatt Hours)
• 0.6 kWh x $0.08/kWh = $0.05
More efficient light bulbs are great, but what is the BEST way to conserve electricity and reduce our consumption of fossil fuels???
TURN IT OFF!!!Be conscious of your energy choices!
Where do we get our electricity?
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
What is a Fossil Fuel???
What is “Renewable Energy?”
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Types of Electricity Generating Windmills
Small (10 kW)•Homes•Farms•Remote Applications (e.g. water
pumping, telecom sites, icemaking)
Large (250 kW - 2+MW)
•Central Station Wind Farms
•Distributed Power
Intermediate (10-250 kW)•Village Power•Hybrid Systems•Distributed
Power
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Parts of a Wind Turbine
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Wind Turbine Perspective
Nacelle56 tons
Tower3 sections
Workers Blade112’ long
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Large Wind Turbines
• 450’ base to blade• Each blade 112’• Span greater than 747• 163+ tons total• Foundation 20+ feet deep• Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt• Supply at least 350 homes
Yawing – Facing the WindYawing – Facing the Wind• Active Yaw (all medium &
large turbines produced today, & some small turbines from Europe)– Anemometer on nacelle tells
controller which way to point rotor into the wind
– Yaw drive turns gears to point rotor into wind
• Passive Yaw (Most small turbines)– Wind forces alone direct rotor
• Tail vanes• Downwind turbines
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Importance of Wind Speed• No other factor is more
important to the amount of power available in the wind than the speed of the wind
• Power is a cubic function of wind speed– V X V X V
• 20% increase in wind speed means 73% more power
• Doubling wind speed means 8 times more power
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Calculation of Wind Power
•Power in the wind Effect of air density,
– Effect of swept area, A– Effect of wind speed, V
R
Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).
Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3
Carnage!
Jobs in the Wind Industry
Construction
Public Relations/Organizing Support
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Operations/Maintenance
Maintenance
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Engineering/Design
Environmental Impact Assessment
KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org
Wind Power is Fun!
Questions???
The KidWind Projectwww.kidwind.org
