Wind energy in Poland.

State of the art and

looking ahead.

Author: Dr Robert Sobolewski, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl

Presenter: Anna Józefowicz, Polish Embassy in Brazil

e-mail: anna.jozefowicz@msz.gov.pl

Joint Seminar about research and innovation

between the European Union and the state of Ceará

Place: UECE – Fortaleza

7th of April 2014

Wind energy potential in Poland – facts and numbers

Onshore Offshore

Capacity Energy Capacity Energy

GW TWh GW TWh

Theoretical potential 3100 6830 130 380

Technical potential 1400 3600 130 380

Technical potential reduced

by environmental limitations 600 1500 20 60

Economic potential 82 210 7.5 22.5

Market potential 2020 11.5 28 1.5 4.5

Source: Wind Power in Poland 2010, BiznesPolska.pl, BizPoland Magazine

Central Europe

Temperate climate zone

At about 2/3 area – total amount of wind energy of the surface

of 1 m2 at hight of 30 m above ground level is 750 – 1500 kWh/year

Existence of favourable wind conditions for the professional

development of wind energy

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Wind energy potential in Poland - onshore

Wind resource zones:

I – extremely beneficial

II – favourable

III – quite favourable

IV – advers

V – very weak

Wind energy potential in Poland

Zone Wind energy density

[kWh/m2]

I >2000

II 1500 – 2000

III 750 – 1500

IV 500 – 750

V < 500

3

Wind energy potential in Poland - offshore

Source: South Baltic Wind Atlas. South Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Regions Project. Riso-R-1775 (EN), May 2011

Averaged wind speed simulated for the period 2007 – 2009

and interpolated to the level of 100 m

4

State of the art of wind energy in Poland

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Wind power 152,56 287,9 451,09 724,66 1180,27 1616,36 2496,75 3389,54

Total RES* 1362,14 1523,77 1678,27 1993,25 2556,42 3082,04 4416,09 5510,68

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Wind power installed against total power of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Poland in 2006 – 2013 [MW]

Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl

*) biogas, biomass, PV panels, wind and water

5

State of the art of wind energy in Poland

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Wind energy 142,3 135,3 388,4 494,2 790,2 1029 1485 3126 4435 5822

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Wind energy produced in Poland in 2004 - 2013 [GWh]

Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl

Development of wind

energy in Poland:

system of green

certificates for renevable

energy generated,

producers of

electricity from RES get

incomes from two

sources – sale of

electricity and sale of

green certificates,

power stations

operators and electricity

suppliers are required to

obtain and submit to

redemption the

certificates of origin, or

to pay the replacement

fee.

6

State of the art of wind energy in Poland

Zachodniopomorskie

Voivodeship (the seaside):

has highly favourable

wind conditions

leads the way in

harnessing wind power to

produce electricity,

biggest wind farms:

Białogard District – 90

MW, Kamien Pomorski

District – 90.6 MW,

Kolobrzeg District – 156.2

MW, Slawno District –

200.26 MW,

Cisowo – the first wind

farm in Poland (1999) – 5

wind turbines 132 kW each

one.

7 Source: Energy Regulatory Office, www.ure.gov.pl

Wind power capacity at the end of 2013 [MW]

Number of installations

157.36

9

306.69

226

2.15

5

56.6

7

313.19

178

2.69

11

155.67

64

96.15

11

84.18

25

122.7

20

378.43

36

12.75

17

7.76

15

217.07

26

430.54

130

1045.3

58

State of the art of wind energy in Poland

End of 2012 New 2013 Total (End of 2013)

Poland 2496 894 3390

Germany 31270 3238 34250

Spain 22784 175 22959

United Kingdom 8649 1883 10531

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Installed wind power capacity in Poland and three leaders in Europe 2012 – 2013 [MW]

Source: GWEC; www.gwec.net 8

State of the art of wind energy in Poland

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Total EU 27 Malta

Slovakia Slovenia

Czech Republic Hungary

Latvia Finland Poland

Lithuania Bulgaria Romania

Luxemburg France

Belgium United Kingdom

Italy Netherlands

Greece Austria Cyprus Estonia Ireland

Germany Sweden Portugal

Spain Denmark

Wind power capacity per 1000 inhabitants in the EU in 2012 [kW/inhab.]

Source: Wind Energy Barometer-Euroobserv’er, February 2013 9

The future of wind energy in Poland

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Small wind systems 10 70 130 190 250 310 369 429 600

Offshore wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1000 1500

Onshore wind 2303 3202 4101 5000 6561 8098 9060 10008 10893

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

The development scenario of total installed capacity in wind power turbines in Poland, 2010-2020 [MW]

Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary, www.psew.pl 10

The future of wind energy in Poland

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Others 1875 2613 3639 4665 6886 9074 9941 10800 11687

OEM 763 1080 1396 1713 2248 2775 3277 3774 4288

Installation 1118 2077 3228 4378 6324 8240 9762 11269 12825

WTGs manufacturing-indirect 990 1622 2831 4039 7054 10025 11942 12937 13964

WTGs manufacturing-direct 1883 2937 4951 6965 11990 16941 20137 21795 23507

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Cumulated jobs in the Polish wind power sector, 2012-2020

Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary; www.ieo.pl 11

The future of wind energy in Poland

National RES industry Roadmap Polish NREAP**

MW

installed

RES

electricity

generation

[GWh]

% in

electricity

consumption

MW

installed

RES

electricity

generation

% in

electricity

consumption

Wind

onshore 10000 23600 13.9 6150 13710 8.1

Wind

offshore 500 1800 1.1 500 1500 0.9

Total RES* 15504 43737 25.8 10335 32400 19.1

Source: Mapping Renewable Energy Pathways Toward 2020, EU Roadmap; European Renewable Energy Council; www.pigeo.pl

*) hydro, geothermal, photovoltaic, biomass, biogas

**) National Renewable Energy Action Plan

Projections for Renewable Energies in Poland, 2020

Barriers in wind energy sector development in Poland:

lack of grid connections possibilities (in many areas the connection capacity is blocked

by a large number of wind farms which have recived grid connection terms already,

large number of wind farms projects in some areas raise unacceptance because of

possible negative impact on the environment – local opponents,

critics argue that wind energy can have negative impact on landscape and tourists

incomes,

development and investments processes in the offshore wind energy sector are

significantly longer then in onshore one. 12

Future of off-shore wind farms in Poland

Source: Project „South Baltic OFF.E.R”, www.southbaltic-offshore.eu

Concept of the Polish Offshore Grid – forecast for 2030

13

Polish offshore grids

(Concept)

LEGEND:

Areas of offshore WF sites

Joints of offshore wind farms

Onshore – offshore joints

Substations

Existing line HV DC

Planned line HV DC

Protected areas – Nature 2000

Wind energy industry in Poland

Polish industry ready for manufacturing all components of

wind turbines, foundations and other technical

infrastructure:

• towers, nacelles, hubs – steel, metallurgy and

shipbuilding industry,

• generators, transformers, control systems –

electromechanical industry,

• gears, ramparts, clatches, breaks, bearings, hydraulical

and pneumatic systems – mechanical industry,

• composite blades – aviation industry,

• automatic and control systems – control and electronics

industry,

• specialized ships for installing and maintenance of

offshore wind turbines – shipbuilding industry.

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Wind energy industry in Poland

>> Polish enterprises obtain orders for wind turbine

elements from EU partners and Polish wind farm

developers.

>> Cooperation between Polish enterprises and EU wind

turbine manufacturers in the field of advanced

technologies.

>> Manufacturing of wind turbine elements concentrates

mainly in north and west region of Poland – localization

of appriopriate industry, proximity of customers and

accessibility of harbours for sea transport of the

elements.

>> There are no manufactures in Poland that offer complete

wind turbines of high power.

>> Some enterprises which operate in the wind energy

sector are branches of international companies.

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Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples

Name of the company Address www Area of activity

Celsa Huta Ostrowiec

27-400 Ostrowiec

Świętokrzyski

Samsonowicza 2

www.celsaho.com Ramparts and other steal

elements

Fabryka Maszyn

Budowlanych FAMABA

S.A.

67-200 Głogów

Portowa 1 www.famaba-glogow.pl

Towers for onshore and

offshore wind turbines

Wytwórnia Konstrukcji

stalowych Ostrowiec

27-400 Ostrowiec

Świętokrzyski

Gulińskiego 30

www.wks.com.pl Bodies and nacelles

Zakład Budownictwa

Energetycznego Sp. z o.o.

75-221 Koszalin

Morska 16 www.zbe.koszalin.pl

Substations up to 1600

kVA

Zakład Prefabrykacji HCZ

PREMET Sp. z o.o.

42-200 Czestochowa

Rejtana 6 huta.isd-poland.com Constructional elements

ZASTA Sp. z o.o. 76-200 Slupsk

Owocowa 4-8 www.zasta.eu Towers

Stocznia Gdanska S.A. 80-873 Gdansk

Na Ostrowiu 15/20 www.stocznia.gda.pl

Towers for onshore and

offshore wind turbines

Aarselff 02-681 Warszawa

Al. Wyscigowa 6 www.aarselff.com.pl

Foundations to wind

turbine towers

Spomasz S.A. 68-200 Żary

Okrzei 104 www.spomasz-zary.pl

Platforms of ofshore

towers

LM Wind Power Blades

Sp. Z o.o.

72-100 Goleniow,

Lozienica

Nowa 3

www.lmwindpower.com Blades

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Name of the company Address www Area of activity

Mostostal Chojnice S.A. 89-620 Chojnice

Przemyslowa 4 mostostal.chojnice.pl

Towers for wind turbines

onshore and offshore

Telefonika Kable S.A. 30-663 Krakow

Wierlicka 114 www.tfkable.pl Cables

Fabryka

Transformatorow

Zychlin

99-320 Zychlin

Narutowicza 70 www.ftz.pl

Transformers, range of

rated power 2500 – 90000

kVA

CRIST S.A. 80-867 Gdansk

Swojska 12 www.crist.com.pl

Working platform for

offshore wind turbines

EUROS Zory-

Warszowice

43-254 Warszowice

Gajowa 5A

www.euros.de/pl/company_

warszowice.html Blades

EUROS Ustron 43-450 Ustron

J. Kreta 2

www.euros.de/pl/company_

ustron.html Blades

Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples

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Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in Poland

Title of the project Beneficiary Opening

date

Closing

date

Budget

[zl (US dollars)]

Creation of the electrical

generator prototype powered by

wind turbine and its

implementation

Dolnoslaska

Fabryka Maszyn

Elektrycznych

p. z o.o.

2009.03.19 2010.09.30 651 164

(217 000)

Research and development

leading to implementation of

innovative wind turbine

SIGMA S.A., Barak 2009.11.06 2011.09.30 1 418 280

(473 000)

The first in Poland vertical axis

wind turbine based on Polish

response

MEPROZET Stare

Kurowo Sp. z o.o. 2011.04.01 2014.06.30

5 393 766

(1 798 000)

Research and development of

innovative small wind turbines POLBUD S.A. 2011.04.15 2013.12.31

3 265 156

(1 088 000)

Comprehensive response of the

variable rotating small wind

turbine equipped with storage

energy module and applied to

distributed generating systems

Warsaw University

of Technology 2009.10.01 2012.12.31

1 136 600

(379 000)

Optimization system of power

control of wind farm under limited

possibilities of grid capacity

Lublin University

of Technology 2009.10.01 2012.09.30

780 000

(260 000)

The AC/DC/AC inverter for

asynchronous machine powered

by hydro and wind turbine

Bialystok

University of

Technology

2009.08.01 2012.04.30 870 000

(290 000)

Creation and implementation of

the family of vertical axis wind

turbines

ARTBAU Sp. z o.o. 2010.03.04 2012.03.30 1 645 000

(548 000)

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Title of the project Beneficiary Opening

date

Closing

date

Budget

[zl (US dollars)]

The AC/AC inverter with silicon

carbide elements and applied to

wind turbine generatos in aff-grid

and on-grid systems

Gdansk University

of Technology 2010.05.01 2012.12.31

862 000

(287 000)

Small wind turbine optimized for

low wind speed conditions

Military University

of Technology in

Warsaw

2013.10.01 2016.07.31 3 822 941

(1 274 000)

Innovative vertical axis wind

turbine of 1.5 MW equipped with

highly effective power inverter

STALPRODUKT

S.A., Bochnia 2013.12.01 2016.09.30

27 599 808

(9 200 000)

Designing and analysis of locating

and anchoring systems of offshore

wind turbine platforms for South

Baltic sea

Gdansk University

of Technology 2013.12.01 2016.11.30

1 177 200

(392 000)

Designing and analysis of locating

and anchoring systems of offshore

wind turbine platforms for South

Baltic sea

Stocznia

Remontowa

NAUTA S.A. Gdynia

2013.12.01 2016.11.30 402 016

(134 000)

TOTAL 49 023 931

(16 341 000)

Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in Poland

Source: The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) 19

About the Author:

Dr. Robert Adam Sobolewski

Assistant Professor at Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Ligthing

Technics, Bialystok University of Technology, e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl

Fields of research and possible cooperation with Brazilian researchers:

- wind farm power output estimation and forecasting,

- reliability of power systems with wind power integrated,

- protective relaying within wind turbines and wind farms.

Papers:

1. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Semi-Markov model for evaluation of wind farm output power

probabilistic characteristics (submitted, under review).

2. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Estimation of wind farms aggregated power output distribution.

In: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 46(2013) 241-249.

3. Feijoo A., Villanueva D., Pazos J.L., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds: A

review. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2011) 2826-2832.

4. Sobolewski R.A.: Analiza niezawodności układu wytwórczo-przyłączeniowego turbiny

wiatrowej wykorzystująca kryterium ekonomiczne niezawodności. W: Przegląd

Elektrotechniczny R. 86 Nr 10/2010, s. 324-329 (in Polish).

5. Feijoo A., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds. In: International Journal of

Electrical Energy Systems. Volume 1, Number 2, July-December 2009, pp. 99-106.

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Thank you for your attention!

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