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7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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Innovative Methods to Harness Wind Energy
National Workshop on Outscaling Farm Innovation
4thSeptember!"#$
N%S& &omple'
NEW (E)HI
(r*%*+agadeesh
Wind Energy E'pert
,*M*-*Engineering &ollege
-avaraipettai ."# !". /amil Nadu IndiaE0mail1 anumakonda*2agadeesh3gmail*com
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Wind turbine cooperatives 0 Origin rom
(enmark
To encourage investment in wind power, familieswere offered a tax exemption for generating their
own electricity within their own or an adjoining
commune. While this could involve purchasing a
turbine outright, more often families purchasedshares inwind turbine cooperativeswhich in turn
invested in community wind turbines. By 199
there were around !,1"" such cooperatives in the
country. #pinion polls show that this directinvolvement has helped the popularity of wind
turbines, with some $% of &anes supporting wind
energy when compared with existing fuel sources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_cooperativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_cooperativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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The role of wind turbine cooperatives is not limited
to single turbines. The 'iddelgrundenoffshore
wind farm( with !" turbines the world)s largest
offshore farm at the time it was built in !""" ( is*"% owned by the 1",""" investors in the
'iddelgrunden Wind Turbine +ooperative, and
*"% by the municipal utility company.
By !""1 over 1"",""" families belonged to windturbine cooperatives, which had installed $% of
all the wind turbines in &enmar. By !""- over
1*",""" were either members or owned turbines,
and about *,*"" turbines had been installed,although with greater private sector involvement
the proportion owned by cooperatives had fallen to
*%.The cooperative model has also spread to
/ermany and the 0etherlands.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelgrundenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelgrunden7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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inancially, community2based wind projects are
structured much differently than traditional
wind farms. 3n the traditional model, the company
that builds and manages a wind farm retains soleownership of the development. The owners of the
land on which the wind turbines were built usually
have no stae in development, and are instead
compensated through lease payments or byroyalty2based contracts.
The more people that become involved through
community wind power, the more democratic the
energy supply system becomes. 4nergy sellers
mae a profit, landowners receive leasing fees,
communities get improved infrastructure, local
people get jobs, governments receive taxes, andconsumers receive electricity at competitive prices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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Community wind farms
%ustralia
The 5epburn Wind 6rojectis awind farmat
7eonards 5ill near &aylesford, 8ictoria, north2west
of 'elbourne, 8ictoria. 3t comprises two !'Wwind turbineswhich produce enough power for
!,"" households.
This is the first :ustralian community2owned wind
farm. The initiative has emerged because thecommunity felt that the state and federal
governments were not doing enough to address
climate change.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_Wind_Project7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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&anada
+ommunity wind power is in its infancy in +anada
but there are reasons for optimism. #ne such
reason is the launch of a new eed2in Tariff;3T+ommunity
wind project that will be majority2owned by the+hippewas of /eorgina 3sland irst 0ation, with a
local renewable energy co2operative ;the 6uwis
4nergy +o2operative< owning the remainder of the
project.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_tariffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Energy_Act_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pukwis_Community_Wind_Park&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pukwis_Community_Wind_Park&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Energy_Act_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_tariff7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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5ermany3n /ermany, hundreds of thousands of people
have invested in citi?ens) wind farms across the
country and thousands of small and medium si?ed
enterprises are running successful businesses in anew sector that in !""$ employed 9",""" people
and generated $ percent of /ermany)s electricity.
Wind power has gained very high social
acceptance in /ermany, with the development of
community wind farms playing a major role.
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/he Netherlands@ixty2three farmers in &e Auidlob, the southern part of
the municipality of Aeewolde, have entered into a
cooperative agreement that aims to develop a wind farmof at least 1"$ 'W. The project will include the
installation of three phases of 1! wind turbines with
capacities of to -.* 'W each. The aim is to put the
wind farm into service in !"1!.The 0etherlands has an
active community of wind cooperatives. They build and
operate wind pars in all regions of the 0etherlands. This
started in the 19$"s with the first 7agerweij turbines.Bac then, these turbines could be financed by the
members of the cooperatives. Today, the cooperatives
build larger wind pars, but not as large as commercial
parties do. @ome still operate self2sufficiently, others
partner with larger commercial wind par developers.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/10/dutch-farmers-ready-for-wind-energy-53986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeewoldehttp://www.duurzameenergie.org/site/web-links/ode-windco-peraties.htmlhttp://www.duurzameenergie.org/site/web-links/ode-windco-peraties.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeewoldehttp://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/10/dutch-farmers-ready-for-wind-energy-539867/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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6nited -ingdom
:s of !"1!, there are - communities who are in
the process of or already producing renewable
energy through co2operative structures in the C.They are set up and run by everyday people,
mostly local residents, who are investing their time
and money and together installing large wind
turbines, solar panels, or hydro2electric power fortheir local communities.
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United States
'ost of the wind farms in the nited @tates are
commercially owned. :s of !"11, 3owa has just
one community owned wind farm, that is 5ardin
5illtop near Defferson, 3owa.
0ational Windis a large2scale community wind
project developer, with thirteen families of projectsin development or operation. These projects have
an aggregate capacity of over -,""" 'W. The
vision of the company is to revitali?e rural
economies by promoting investment in domesticrenewable energy resources. 0ational Wind
creates shared ownership with communities and
allows them participation in decisions which are
made.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson,_Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson,_Iowa7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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: EF404W:B74 404F/G 0&H can be createdby /overnment with contributions from 3ndividuals
paying 3ncome Tax to get tax 4xemption under
@ection $" +.
This fund will invest in +ommunity Wind
arms;Wind arm +o2operatives
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W#0&4F@ # +#''03TG 6:FT3+36:T3#0 30
W30&'377
/he /vindMillis one of the biggest windmills in
the world ;*- m
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Tvind 'Illen, @orJrvej $, Tvind, 99" lfborg ,&enmar
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Tvindraft was created to show the way forward for wind
energy 2 and to show the way out for nuclear power. But
the most important thing was probably that the Teacher
/roup showed that it was possible for normal people,
without any significant scientific education, to build a
large wind power plant. With their determination, their
drive, their elbow grease and common sense,
cooperation and support, where help was to be found,
this unparalleled structure was created 2 despitecomments lieK LGou are doing wind power a disservice
by trying to build a windmillL, and despite the fact that no
authority wanted to give any financial assistance to the
windmill construction, although it clearly followed therecommendations of the E:ademiet for Tenis
8idensaberH M:cademy for Technical @ciencesN to
promote the development of wind energy in &enmar,
with both practical experiments as well as researchro ects.
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The Tvind windmill, "Tvindkraft" wascreated during the years 1975-783t is a tourist attraction. There is a lift which taes
people to the top. 3 visited the Tvindmill times
when 3 was in &enmar.
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Tvindmill
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/vindmill is a (o7n7ind /urbine
6p7ind 8s (o7n7ind /urbinesK
:n pwind turbine faces into the wind with theturbine blades in front of the 0acelle while a&ownwind turbine has blades to the rear of the0acelle and faces away from the wind. p2windturbines are by far and away the most common,
but down2wind turbines ;usually two2bladed< arealso used in certain situations.
7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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/F#W3:0 W30& TFB304
1980 the year of birth of a huge
machine, once the largest
windenergy converter of the world,
called GROWI!" #his $ilot $lant
started with e%$eriments in 198&"
'rection site was the ()aiser*Wilhelm*)oog( a very windy and
flat !orth +ea coast region, nearby
arne" #he machine was
dismantled scheduled in 198-,
because of finishing the
e%$ertiments"
http://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/~doerner/GROWIAN.htmlhttp://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/~doerner/GROWIAN.html7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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0:@: 'od 1 W30& TFB304
!+ od 1 wind turbine
19-9.0/0&"$g /000 )W
)I2OW## WI!3 #4R5I!' I!
5OO!' !OR#6 7RO
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NEED FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN INDIA
Offshore wind $ower
Offshore wind power refers to the construction of wind farms in
bodies of water to generate electricity from wind. Better wind
speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore
wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is
higher. However, offshore wind farms are relatively expensive.
6ower 6 O " * p : 8 ;1
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6ower 6 O ".* p : 8.. .. ;1s;a severe gale< the
power becomes ".1! Q !- O $-" W. This massive
increase is due to cubic relationship between wind speed
and power by e=uation ;!
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9et:;s la7is a theory about the maximum possible energyto be derived from awind turbinedeveloped in 1919 by the
/erman physicist :lbert Bet?. :ccording to Bet?)s law, no
turbine can capture more than *9. percent of the
inetic energy in wind. The ideal or maximum theoreticalefficiency n max ;also called power coefficient< of a wind
turbine is the ratio of maximum power obtained from the
wind to the total power available in the wind. The factor
".*9 is nown as Bet?)s coefficient. 3t is the maximum
fraction of the power in a wind stream that can beextracted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Betzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Betzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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Economics and benefits
#ffshore wind power can help to reduce energy imports,
reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases ;by displacingfossil2fuel power generation
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'ost entities and individuals active in offshore wind power
believe that prices of electricity will grow significantly from
!""9, as global efforts to reduce carbon emissions comeinto effect. BT' expects cost per Wh to fall from !"1-,
and that the resource will always be more than ade=uate in
the three areas 4urope, nited @tatesand +hina.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM_Consulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM_Consulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_emissions7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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The current state of offshore wind power presents
economic challenges significantly greater than onshore
systems 2 prices can be in the range of !.*2." million
4uro>'W. The turbine represents just one third to one halfof costs in offshore projects today, the rest comes from
infrastructure, maintenance, and oversight. 7arger turbines
with increased energy capture mae more economic sense
due to the extra infrastructure in offshore systems.:dditionally, there are currently no rigorous simulation
models of external effects on offshore wind farms, such as
boundary layer stability effects and wae effects. This
causes difficulties in predicting performance accurately, a
critical shortcoming in financing billion2dollar offshorefacilities. : report from a coalition of researchers from
universities, industry, and government, lays out several
things needed in order to bring the costs down and mae
offshore wind more economically viableK
3mproving wind performance models including how design
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3mproving wind performance models, including how design
conditions and the wind resource are influenced by the
presence of other wind farms.
Feducing the weight of turbine materials
4liminating problematic gearboxes
Turbine load2mitigation controls and strategies
Turbine and rotor designs to minimi?e hurricane and
typhoon damage
4conomic modeling and optimi?ation of costs of the overallwind farm system, including installation, operations, and
maintenance
@ervice methodologies, remote monitoring, anddia nostics.
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3n !"11, a &anish energy companyclaimed that offshore
wind turbines are not yet competitive with fossil fuels, but
estimates that they will be in 1* years. ntil then, state
funding and pension funds will be needed.
3n Belfast, the harbour industry is being redeveloped as ahub for offshore windfarm construction, at a cost of about
S*"m. The wor will create 1*" jobs in construction, as well
as re=uiring about 1m tonnes of stone from local =uarries,
which will create hundreds more jobs. L3t is the firstdedicated harbour upgrade for offshore windL.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DONG_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DONG_Energy7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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Top !* operational offshore wind
farms
Wind farmTotal(MW)
Country Coordinates Turbines& model OfficialStart
Walney (phases 1&2) 367.2 United Kingdom 54023!"# 3311$"W102 % iemens
W'3.6107
2011 (phase 1)
2012 (phase 2)
'hanet 300 United Kingdom 5126# 013!100 %*estas*$03+W
2010
,o-ns e/ 20$ enma- 553600"# 73524"$1 % iemens2.3$3
200$
Idsand 207 enma- 54330"# 114236"$0 % iemens2.3$3
2010
ynnand nne- osing 1$4 United Kingdom 53073$"# 002610"54 % iemens3.6107
200!
List of the top 2 offshore wind farms that are currently operational, rated by nameplate capacity. !n thecase of a tied bottom place in the table, the wind farm with the earliest commissioning date is used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_commissioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=54_02_38_N_3_31_19_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Walney+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanet_Offshore_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=51_26_N_01_38_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Thanet+Offshore+Wind+Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas_V90-3MWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns_Rev_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=55_36_00_N_7_35_24_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Horns+Rev+2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=54_33_0_N_11_42_36_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Nysted+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_and_Inner_Dowsinghttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=53_07_39_N_00_26_10_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Lynn+and+Inner+Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=53_07_39_N_00_26_10_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Lynn+and+Inner+Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_and_Inner_Dowsinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=54_33_0_N_11_42_36_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Nysted+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nysted_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=55_36_00_N_7_35_24_E_type:landmark_region:DK&title=Horns+Rev+2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horns_Rev_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas_V90-3MWhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=51_26_N_01_38_E_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Thanet+Offshore+Wind+Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanet_Offshore_Wind_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Powerhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_offshore_wind_farms¶ms=54_02_38_N_3_31_19_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Walney+Wind+Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_commissioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm7/27/2019 Wind Ppt IARI
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oin igg(olay i-th) 1!0 United Kingdom 5445# 343W 60 % *estas*$03+W 2010
8n9leet ands 172 United Kingdom 514316"# 11731"4! % iemens3.6107
2010
#ysted (Idsand ) 166 enma- 54330"# 114236"72 % iemens2.3
2003
:ligh :an (:elind) 165 :elgi8m 513$36"# 24!0" 55 % *estas*$03+W 2010
,o-ns e/ 160 enma- 553147"# 75422"!0 % *estas*!02+W
2002
;-monde 150 United Kingdom 546# 324W 30 % poe-5+ 2012
ongy8an 8dong nte-tidal 131.3 -in?ess @malia 120 #ethe-lands 523524"# 41312"60 % *estas*!02+W
200!
illg-8nd 110 eden 5531# 12474! % iemens2.3$3
2007
gmond aan Aee 10! #ethe-lands 36 % *estas*$03+W
2006
onghai :-idge 102
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:8-o :an $0 United Kingdom 532$# 0310W25 % iemens3.6107
2007
hyl lats $0 United Kingdom 5322# 033$W25 % iemens3.6107
200$
#o-th ,oyle 60 United Kingdom 5326# 324W30 % *estas*!02+W
2003
?-oy ands 60 United Kingdom 523!56"# 14725" 30 % *estas*!02+W 2004
@lpha *ent8s 60 e-many 541# 6366 % poe- 5+C6 % @*@Wind +50005+
200$
:alti? 1 4! e-many 543636"# 123$0"21 % iemens2.3$3
2011
+iddelg-8nden 40 enma- 554127"# 124013"20 % :on8s(iemens) 2+W
2001
"ource# $i%ipedia
T 10 d t ti
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Top 10 under construction&his is a list of the '( largest offshore wind farms currently under construction
Wind farmTotal(MW)
Country CoordinatesTurbines& model
Completion
ondon @--ay(>hase )
630 United Kingdom 513!3!"# 013313"175 % iemens3.6120
2012
-eate- aa-d 504 United Kingdom 51524!"# 15624"140 % iemens3.6107
2012
'-ianel :o-8mWest
400 e-many!0 % @-e/a +8lti-id+5000
2012 (>hase 1)2015 (>hase 2)
:@ ;99sho-e 1 400 e-many 5422# 55$ !0 % :@ 5.0 2012
@nholt 400 enma-111 % iemens3.6120
2013
he-ingham hoal 315 United Kingdom 537# 1!!! % iemens3.6107
2012
in?s 270 United Kingdom 531100"# 002$00" 75 D 3.6+W 2012
'ho-ntonan >hase 2 147.6 :elgi8m 24 D poe- 6+ 2013
'eesside 62 United Kingdom 543$# 14W 27 D iemens 2.3+W 2012
atang aiEho8 4$.5
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)ust for comparison onshore wind farms and power production.
&op '( countries by nameplate wind power capacity
*2('' year+end
-ountry $ind power capacity
*$ provisional / world total
* 0rovisional
*"ource# 1lobal $ind "tatistics 2('',1lobal $ind nergy -ouncil 3+2+2('2
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United tates $5.2 23.4
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Efforts in India on Offshore Wind Farms
/HE /IMES OF IN(I% &hennai
5ovt plans oshore acility to tap 7ind energy
T00 Dan , !"1!, ".":' 3@T
+5400:3K The +entre for Wind 4nergy Technology ;+W4T< plans toconduct a feasibility study in &hanushodi near Fameswaram to set up
offshore windmills, following problems of land ac=uisition for onshore
wind power projects.
@ources said wind velocity at 1"" metres from ground level would be
measured and data collected. L3t will be set up in a lagoon. 3f there is
enough wind flow, we will set up a wind farm and start powergeneration,L said a +W4T source.
#bviosly #ffshore wind systems are costlier than their onshore
counterparts, both in capital and operating costs. : summary of
indicative cost data provided below is insightful.
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&OS/ &OM
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/aviotas @mall Water 6umping
Windmill; /aviotas Tropical Windmill, &ouble :ction 6ump 2
; '8!4
; The conventional Windmill to draw water from wells has
been built for over a hundred years.
; &ue to its old design it weighs more than half a ton, and
re=uires a strong wind to wor.
; nfortunately, our countries are poor in tropical windR
however, there are very heavy storms
; at very short periods.
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/aviotas @mall Water 6umping
Windmill
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@mall @cale Wind Battery
+hargers from +hina
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&onclusions and
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#f all the forces of nature, 3 should thin the wind contains the
largest amount of motive powerVthat is, power to move things.
Tae any given space of the earth)s surfaceV for instance,
3llinoisR and all the power exerted by all the men, and beasts, andrunning2water, and steam, over and upon it, shall not e=ual the
one hundredth part of what is exerted by the blowing of the wind
over and upon the same space. :nd yet it has not, so far in the
world)s history, become proportionably valuable as a motive
power. 3t is applied extensively, and advantageously, to sail2vessels in navigation. :dd to this a few windmills, and pumps,
and you have about all. ... :s yet, the wind is an untamed, and
unharnessed forceR and =uite possibly one of the greatest
discoveries hereafter to be made, will be the taming, and
harnessing of it.V %braham )incoln
7ecture ;(iscoveries and Inventions), ;1$"< in Discoveries
and Inventions;191*
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When the wind of change blows some build walls
others build windmills * 7hinese $roverb , ,
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0ut the $!?# &o get inexhaustible,pollution+free energy which cannot be misused.
+ 3r" "
:agadeesh
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Thank You