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Click to edit Master title styleWind Studies Using Sodar
TechnologyWhere is all the wind?
Tom FrenchManager BioEnergy Programs
April 20, 2009
Wind Energy Production Farms Feasibility Committee
Columbia, SC
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Partners
CMMC LLCDeyton’s Shipyard Inc.SecondWindU. S. Coast Guard
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“Thinking differently”
Fuel Availability Energy Future
Coal Dispatchable(capacity resource)
Btu/kg
Nuclear Dispatchable(capacity resource)
Btu/kg
Wind Non-dispatchableWeather dependent
Btu/(m/s)Depending on temp and pressure
Storage = capacity resource, dispatchable
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Objective
Accelerate acceptance of Sodar data as “bankable” for use in
obtaining financing of wind farm projects– Currently accepted
technology is expensive to
perform offshore due to construction costs.– Hub height
measurements using accepted
technology requires FAA permit due to the height of the
towers.
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Wind MonitoringWhy? What?
ProspectingWind farm designProject FinancingOperation–
Forecasting– Maintenance
Wind speedWind
directionTurbulenceTemperatureBarometericpressure
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Wind Power
10001051282166644
3
3
3
3
=
=
=
=
speedwindUrotorofareaA
densityairUAPower
===
=ρ
ρ 3***5.0
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Not Your Dad’s Windmill
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Wind Shear
Surface roughnessWind speed increases with heightIncrease varies
depending on site conditions– Groundcover– Topography
Typical wind turbine has a hub height of 40m – 80mMeasure wind
speed at difference heights
( )( )
( )( )01
02
1
2
lnln
zzzz
zUzU
=
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Power Curve
Wind speed histogram660 kW wind turbine– Power generation
begins at 4 m/s– 33% increase in wind
speed, 6 – 8, results in a 300% increase in power output
Wind Speed (m/s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Freq
uenc
y (%
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Wind Speed (m/s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Freq
uenc
y (%
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Out
put (
kW)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
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Measuring Wind Speed
Anemometer, wind vane– Requires tower
• >200ft needs FAA permit– Multiple heights
• Wind shear– Multiple sensors
• Shadowing• Require maintenance
– Cup• Rotation speed correlated
to wind speed– Data recorder
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Measuring Wind Speed
Sodar– Sound detection and
ranging– “Chirp” of sound emitted
from a phased array of transceivers
– Reflected sound collected by transceivers array
• Different air densities at different heights
– Data analyzed to determine wind speed and direction
(horizontal and vertical) at 11 different heights, up to 200m
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Sodar
Triton by SecondWind– Low power consumption– Operates in adverse
weather
conditions– Robust online data analysis
package– Small (6’x6’x4’) and portable– Rugged– Designed for
wind power
assessments
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Swept Area Coverage
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Triton Data - Skyserve
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Sodar Testing
CoastalOffshoreValidate with Met tower
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Sodar Testing
Locations
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Met Tower
Average of 50m South-10 min Average Power Density0°10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
110°
120°
130°
140°
150°
160°170°180°
190°
200°
210°
220°
230°
240°
250°
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°350°
100 W/m²
200 W/m²
300 W/m²
Direction frequency (%)
Average Power Density(W/m2)
Preliminary Data
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Where Are We?
Sodar purchased and receivedOperational check performed at
SRNLMount on trailer for transport to coastBegin testing at Goat
Island, 5/14/09Begin testing on USCG platform, 5/14/10
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Summary
Wind power varies with the cube of wind speedDistribution of
wind speed must be measured at a potential wind farm siteOffshore
met towers are expensive and are not typically built to the height
of the wind turbineAcceptance of Sodar data as “bankable” will
reduce the cost of wind power assessments and accelerate offshore
wind power development
Horns Rev
Partners“Thinking differently”ObjectiveWind MonitoringWind
PowerNot Your Dad’s WindmillWind ShearPower CurveMeasuring Wind
SpeedMeasuring Wind SpeedSodarSwept Area CoverageTriton Data -
SkyserveSodar TestingSodar TestingMet TowerWhere Are We?Summary
