70-410: Installing and Configuring

Windows Server 2012

Course 06 - Remote Management and

Virtualization

Slide 1

Setup | Considerations | Firewall

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Slide 2

Remote Shell Remote Windows PowerShell Remote Management Tools To Enable:

o Server Manager – Local Server nodeo Properties – Remote management Checkbox – click disabledo Configure Remote Management <dialog box>o Enable Remote Management of This Server From Other Computerso Alternate Method:

• WinRM –qc (command prompt)

o Server Core:• Sconfig tool

o PowerShell• Configure-SMRemoting.exe -Enable

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Slide 3

Export Server manager Settings:o %appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\ServerManager\ServerList.xmlo %appdata%\Local\Microsoft_Corporation\ServerManager.exe_StrongName_GUID\6.2.0

.0\user.config

Export Server Manager Settings for domain joined computers:o Active Directory Users and Computers, Properties dialog box for Server Manager usero Profile tab, add a path to a network share to store the user’s profileo On U.S. English (en-us) builds, changes to the ServerList.xml file are automatically saved

to the profile. Go on to the next step

Click OK to save your changes and close the Properties dialog box To export Server Manager settings to computers in workgroups:

o On a computer from which you want to manage remote servers, overwrite the following two files with the same files from another computer that is running Server Manager, and that has the settings you want

o %appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\ServerManager\ServerList.xmlo %appdata%\Local\Microsoft_Corporation\ServerManager.exe_StrongName_GUID\6.2.0

.0\user.config

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Slide 4

Common method

Server Manager – local Server node

Enable next to Remote Desktop

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Slide 5

Role service name Role service description

RD Virtualization Host • Integrates with Hyper-V deploys pooled or personal virtual desktop collections

RD Session Host• Remote Desktop Session Host allows a server to host RemoteApp programs or session-based desktops.

Users connect to RD Session Host servers in a session collection to run programs, save files, and use resources on those servers.

RD Connection Broker

• Users reconnect to their existing virtual desktops, RemoteApp programs, and session-based desktops.• Enables even load distribution among RD Session Host servers in a session collection or pooled virtual

desktops in a pooled virtual desktop collection.• Provides access to virtual desktops in a virtual desktop collection.

RD Web Access

• Enables users to access RemoteApp and Desktop Connection through the Start menu on a computer that is running Windows 8, Windows 7, or through a web browser.

• RemoteApp and Desktop Connection provides a customized view of RemoteApp programs and session-based desktops in a session collection, and RemoteApp programs and virtual desktops in a virtual desktop collection.

RD Licensing• Management of licenses required to connect to a Remote Desktop Session Host server or a virtual

desktop. You can use RD Licensing to install, issue, and track the availability of licenses.

RD Gateway• Enables authorized users to connect to virtual desktops, RemoteApp programs, and session-based

desktops on an internal corporate network from any Internet-connected device.

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Slide 6

Remote Desktop Monitoring o Session Shadowing

• Remotely Monitor active Remote Desktop Sessions

• Remotely control Remote Desktop Sessions

Integrations:o Integration with Server Manager

o Integration with Remote Desktop Connection (mstsc.exe)

RestrictedAdmin Mode Remote Desktopo Users credentials are not sent to host by Remote Desktop Client

o Remote Desktop client attempts to interactively logon to host

o When host is verifies user accounts connecting has Administrator rights, connection is successful

o RestrictedAdmin mode does not at any point send plain text or other re-usable forms of credentials to computers

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Slide 7

Server Manager allows you to create Server Groups

Group together Servers with common management tasks

Can be used to manage Core installations

Can manage Server 2008 and 2008 R2, but need updateso .NET Framework 4

o Windows Management Framework 3.0

o Performance Update (KB 2682011)

RSAT can be installed on client to manage server groups

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Slide 8

Virtual:o Servers

o Desktops

o Applications

Desktop Virtualizationo Each user assigned their own virtual machine

o Applications run within Virtual Machines

Presentation Virtualizationo Users login in and run separate sessions

o Desktop and Applications run on the server

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Slide 9

Full Desktop

RemoteApp Applications

Remote Desktop Web Access

Uses Remote Desktop Gateway

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Slide 10

Allows external clients access RDP and RemoteApp without VPN or Direct Access Feature

Role Service

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Slide 11

Hyper-V

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Slide 12

Virtualization Role

Hardware Requirementso X64 platform

o Supports SLAT and DEP

o 4 GB RAM (minimum)

o Hardware must be enough to support VM’s

• CPU

• Memory

• Disk Subsystem

• Network

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Slide 13

Uses App-V client

Part of Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack

Not a Native Role or feature

Isolates application from OS

Provides Application Streaming

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Slide 14

BIOS

Memory

Processor

IDE Controllers 0 and 1

SCSI Controller

Network Adapter

COM 1 and 2

Diskette Drive

You can add:SCSI – up to 4

Network AdaptersLegacy Network AdapterFibre Channel Adapter

RemoteFX video adapter

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Slide 15

Allocate minimum amount of memory

Allow machine to request memory as needed

Smart Paging:o Allocate amount of start up memory

o Uses disk paging to assign additional temporary memory

o Results in lower performance

o PowerShell: Set-VMMemory

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Slide 16

VM Connection Window, under action menuo OS Shutdown

o Time Sync

o Data Exchange

o Heartbeat

o Backup (snapshot)

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Slide 17

Start actions:o Nothing

o Automatically start if running when service stopped

o Always start machine automatically

Stop Actionso Save Virtual Machine State

o Turn Off Virtual Machine (powered off – data loss)

o Shut Down Guest Operating System

PowerShell: Set-VM with AutomaticStartAction and AutomaticStopAction

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Slide 18

Tracks resource utilization of Virtual Machineso Avg GPU

o Avg memory use

• Min and max

o Disk Space Allocation

o Incoming Network Traffic

o Outgoing Network Traffic

No GUI tool

PowerShell:Enable-VMResourceMeteringDisable-VMResourceMeteringReset-VMResourceMetering

Measure-VM

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Slide 19

File format that represents Hard Drive

Configure Partitions

Install OS

Use for Data

PowerShell: New-VHD

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Slide 20

Dynamically Expanding VHDo Specify Maximum size for file

o Disk only uses amount needed

• VHD: 260 KB allocated

• VHDX: 4096K allocated

o Dynamic Hard Disk will grow, but will not shrink

• Need to perform compact operation in edit Virtual hard Disk Wizard

Fixed-size VHDo All space allocated during creation

o Minimizes fragmentation

o Best performance on traditional drives

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Slide 21

Pass-Through Diskso Allows VM to access physical disk driveo Can connect to iSCSI LUNo Must have exclusive access to target disko Use disk management console to take disk offline

• Then connect it to VM Controllers using Add Hard drive option in settings• If using SCSI, you do not have to shut down VM• If using IDE, you will have to shut down VM

Differencing VHDo Separate Virtual Hard Diskso Record Changes made to parent disko Reduces amount of Hard Disk space consumed by VHDo Performance lost

• Works best with SSD

o Can link multiple differencing disks to parent disko If parent disk is modified, all links to differencing disk will fail

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Slide 22

You cannot shrink a fixed virtual hard disk1. Convert fixed disk to dynamic disk

2. Compact the dynamic disk

3. Convert back to dynamic, if necessary

PowerShell cmdlets:Resize-partition

Resize-VHD

You can also expand a disk – both dynamic and fixed, but using the edit Virtual Hard Disk Wizard

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Slide 23

VHD

Legacy

2 TB Limit

Can convert to VHDX format

VHDX

Better Performance

64 TB Limit

Better Stabilityo Updates logged to VHDX

metadata as fallback

Larger block sizeo (dynamically expanding and

differencing disks)

o Logical sector size of 4 KB

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Slide 24

Inspect Disk Tool (actions menu: hyper-v console)o If links are broken to parent disk

o Locate Parent disk of differencing disk

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Slide 25

Convert disk from fixed to dynamic

Convert disk from dynamic to fixed

Convert Virtual hard disk in VHD format to VHDX

Convert Virtual hard disk in VHDX format to VHD

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Slide 26

Hyper-V Manager console

Disk Management console

Diskpart command-line tool

New-VHD cmdlet

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Slide 27

You can deploy Virtual Hard Disks to file share

Must be file share that supports SMB 3.0o This limits to Server 2012 File Shares

o Older Versions do not support SMB 3.0

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Slide 28

Snapshots are a “form” of differencing diskso All write operations are redirected to the differencing disk

o Original (snapshot) is unmodified

Making differencing disks now easiero Can build VM’s from VM Template

o Can Spawn multiple VM’s from parent VM

All differencing disks are dynamic

Reads happen across many VHD’s

Writes only happen in last disk in the chaino Same as writes to fixed disk, unless VHD needs to expand

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Slide 29

External Networko Communication between virtual machine and physical network

• Creates association to physical network adapter on virtualization server

Internal Networko Provides communication between Virtualization Server and VM’s

Private Networko Communication between VM’s only

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Slide 30

MS NDIS Captureo Capture data traffic traveling across switch

o Data read by Network Monitor

MS Windows Filtering Platformo Allows filtering of data across virtual disk

** (Available on MSDN)

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Slide 31

Network Adapter Propertieso Virtual Switch

o VLAN ID

o Bandwidth Management

Features supported by all Adapterso MAC Address Allocation – assigned from pool

o DHCP Guard – prevents unauthorized DHCP Servers

o Router Guard – drops router advertisements from unauthorized routers

o Port Mirroring – copy incoming/outgoing packets from adapter to VM configured for monitoring

o NIC Teaming – adds Virtual Network Adapter to existing team on Hyper-V server

Synthetic Network Adapterso Virtual Machine Queue – packet filtering to guest

o IPSec Task Offloading – calculations for security on host adapter

o SR-IOV – allows multiple VM’s to share PCIe resources

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Slide 32

Support Network Boot installation

OS Support for Operating Systems:o That do not support Integration Services

o That do not have drivers for synthetic network adapter

No support for Hardware Acceleration

Cannot configure:o VM Queue

o IPSec Task offloading

o Single-root I/O

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Slide 33

Membership in Local Administrators group is required to work with Hyper-V Networking

An Administrator can use Authorization Manager to modify Authorization Policy so user or group can complete

Legacy Network adapter works without installing VM Drivero Driver is available most OS

o Emulates physical network adapter

o Supports PXE boots

o Supports 10/100 NIC

o Not supported:• 64 bit version of Windows Server 2003

• Windows XP

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Slide 34

Affects networking on physical network adapter

After Install: Management Operating System uses Virtual Adapter for physical networko Original Adapter has nothing bound to it except the MS Virtual

Network Switch Protocol

o Virtual Network Adapter has all standard protocols and services bound

Can create Internal Virtual Networko Expose Virtual Network adapter to parent partition

o Does not need physical adapter associated with it

o Networking will be disrupted for short period of time when network is created or deleted

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Slide 35

Static MAC addresses can be configured

Default is dynamically allocated from pool of 255 MAC addresses

If multiple Hyper-V hosts on external networkso Ensure each Hyper-V server has different pool of MAC Addresses

If Virtual machines are DHCP Clientso Assign Static MAC Addresses

o Use DHCP Reservations to ensure IP to MAC is the same

Use the Virtual Switch Manager to configure MAC range

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Slide 36

Point in time copy of VM

Does not affect running state of VM

Includes contents of memory

If taking Snapshots of multiple servers do all at onceo AD Trusts for computer accounts

• Netdom resetpwd to rejoin computer, if needed

o User Passwords

Files:o VM Configuration .xml file

o Saved State Files

o Differencing disk .avhd / .avhdx file

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Slide 37

Snapshot data stored on same volume as VHD Not replacement of backups Exporting Snapshots

o Create full VHD with state of VMo You can also export entire Virtual Machine with its snapshots

Deleting Snapshotso Data merged or discardedo Disk space immediately reclaimed

You can create Snapshot trees with different brancheso Snapshot each dayo Revert a few days backo Make changes to snapshoto New branch that changes that snapshot

50 Snapshots per virtual machine limit

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Review Questions:

1. True or False: Remote Management is the process where you are allowed to

VPN into a remote server and use RDP.

A. True

B. False

2. Which of the following ways can you enable Remote Management?

A. Sconfig

B. Server Manager

C. WinRM

D. All of the above

3. True or False: Setting up the Server Manager console needs to be done from

each server manually.

A. True

B. False

4. True or False: Multi-server management only applies to Server 2012. You cannot

add others into the list.

A. True

B. False

5. Which of the following can you virtualize?

A. Servers

B. Desktops

C. Applications

D. All of the above

6. True or False: In order to virtualize a Windows 7 machine, you need to get a

special edition license of Hyper-V.

A. True

B. False

7. True or False: Remote Desktop Gateway allows external clients to access RDP

and Remote App without VPN or Direct Access features.

A. True

B. False

8. True or False: Application Virtualization (App-V) is a native feature of Hyper-V.

A. True

B. False

9. True or False: The purpose of App-V is to give users access to a virtualized

desktop.

A. True

B. False

10. True or False: Hyper-V can be installed on a 32-bit version as well as a 64-bit

version of Server 2012.

A. True

B. False

11. True or False: The intention of the RestrictedAdmin mode is to ensure the

integrity of the administrators group on a domain controller.

A. True

B. False

Answer Key:

1. B False. Remote Management allows you to manage other servers from one Server Manager console.

2. D There are many ways to enable Remote Management, from Sconfig and WinRM to PowerShell and Server Manager.

3. B False. You can export and import the Server Manager settings on each server.

4. B False. You can add Server 2008 and 2008 R2, but need to apply updates.

5. D There are many technologies for virtualization, each able to handle a primary focus like servers, desktops, and applications.

6. B False. Hyper-V can virtualize any Windows platform.

7. A True. Remote Desktop Gateway is a role service that allows external clients to access RDP and Remote App with VPN or Direct Access features.

8. B False. App-V is part of the Microsoft Desktop Optimization pack.

9. B False. App-V is used to virtualize an application and to provide application streaming and isolation from OS.

10. B False. It requires a 64-bit platform, as does Server 2012.

11. B False. RestrictedAdmin mode is for Remote Desktop users to ensure that the credentials are not sent to the host by the Remote Desktop Client. When a host is verified as having administrator rights, the connection is successful.