Windrose Analysis

7/25/2019 Windrose Analysis

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MATERI KULIAH 5:NAVIGATION AND INSTRUMENT

FLIGHT PROCEDURERUNWAY ORIENTATION (WINDROSE ANALYSIS)

MARKING AND LIGHTING

1

DR. IR. LA ODE MUH. MAGRIBI, MT



RUNWAY • “Rectangular area on an

aerodrome used for landing andtake o “

• Runway orientation is importantin airport planning

• Current practice is to layout arunway in the direction ofprevailing wind

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IMPORTANCE OF RUNWAY

LAYOUT• Determination of runway is a criticaltask

• It is very important for safe take osand approaches

• The width and sloping of runway alsoplay a role in safe approaches It can!e illustrated !y the "gure !elow #

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RUNWAY NUMBERS• Runways are num!ered according

the magnetic compass directionthey are oriented to

• Consists of two num!ers one ateach end of runway

• &receding that num!er are eightstripes

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• )y '** feet is the touchdown +one ,identi"ed !y si- stripes

• Runway num!ers are not given indegrees, rather in shorthand format

• eg a runway with a marking of 1% isactually 1%* degrees

• .or simplicity .// rounds o the

precise headings to nearest tens

0



RUNWAY HEADING



RUNWAY

CONFIGURATION• .// includes over 2* runwaylayouts

• /mongst them there are % !asicrunway patterns #

1 I3&45 R678/9

2 &/R/4454 R678/9

$ :&57;< R678/9

% I7T5R5CTI7= R678/9

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SINGLE RUNWAY

1*



PARALLEL RUNWAYS

Thee !e" #$%e& '%!!e*+!$&

11



OPEN-V RUNWAYS

R*+!$& /0e1/+1 '2 /3ee+# /e4#/'+&*# ' +'# /+#e&e4# !+ '2 !+ '%e+-V&h!%e !e 6OPEN-V *+!$&7

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INTERSECTING RUNWAYS

T' ' 2'e *+!$& #h!# 4'&& e!4h '#he !e4!&&/8e !& /+#e&e4#/+1 *+!$&

Th/& #$%e ' *+!$ /& *&e he+ #hee !ee!#/0e$ &#'+1 %e0!//+1 /+& '2 2'e

#h!+ '+e /e4#/'+ */+1 #he $e!.

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FACTORS AFFECTING RUNWAY

ORIENTATION• 8I7D

• /IR&/C5 /</I4/)I4IT9

• 57<IR:7357T/4 ./CT:R• :)TR6CTI:7 T: 7/<I=/TI:7

• /IR TR/..IC C:7TR:4 <II)I4IT9

• 8I4D 4I.5 ?/@/RD• T5RR/I7 /7D :I4

C:7ID5R/TI:7

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WIND ROSE ANALYSIS• /n approach often used in

determining the runwayorientation

• The method uses a wind rosetemplate

• / transparent runway template is

placed and rotated around thecenter of wind rose

• /t each rotating angle, the

percentage of allowa!le cross 1'



WIND ROSE METHOD

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ANALISA ARAH ANGINWINDRODE ANALYSIS

• /nalisa angin merupakan hal yang mendasar dariperencanaan landasan pacu utama )andar udarasedapat mungkin searah dengan angin dominan(prevailling windA.

• /nalisis arah angin Bwindrose analysisA merupakanhal yang sangat esensial guna penentuan arahlandas pacu

• Rekomendasi IC/:, arah landas pacu sedapat

mungkin harus searah dengan arah angin yangdominan Bpesawat udara dapat mendarat dan lepaslandas paling sedikit >' dari seluruh komponenangin yang !ertiupA



• etika mengadakan pendaratan dan lepas landas, pesawatdapat mengadakan manuver seEauh komponen angin sampingBcross windA tidak !erle!ihan

• 3aksimum cross wind yang dii+inkan tergantung kepada ukuranpesawat, kon"gurasi sayap dan kondisi perkerasan landasan

ANALISA ARAH ANGINWINDRODE ANALYSIS



DATA-DATA ANGIN

• 8ind data is usually !ased on the longestperiod for which information is availa!le /minimum of 1* yearsF data showing wind

directions, velocity, and freGuency ofoccurrence is necessary for conclusiveanalysis

• If no o!servations are availa!le for a site,

adEust the nearest recorded o!servationsfor changes that will result from localtopography or other inHuencing factors



CROSS WIND

• Cross Wind adalah angin yang !ertiup tegak lurusdengan !ergeraknya pesawat udara

• Cross Wind yang diiEinkan#

a 1* knot B1> kmEamA untuk !andar udaradengan panEang landas pacu B ARFL= AeroplaneReference Field Lenght A kurang dari 12** m,

! 1$ knot B2% kmEamA untuk !andara denganpanEang landas pacu 12** J 1'** m,

c 2* knot B$0 kmEamA untuk !andara denganpanEang landas pacu le!ih dari atau samadengan 1'** m



CONTOH TYPICALWINDROSE

• / wind rose graphically depicts windvelocities, directions, and theirpro!a!ility of occurrence in a formatresem!ling a compass

• The radii of the concentric circles arcscaled to represent wind velocities of

%, 1$, 2', $2, and %0 mph• The radial lines are arranged on thediagram in a manner similar to acompass card to show directionssuch as north, north northeast,northeast, cast northeast, and east

• 5ach direction su!tends an angle of

22' degrees• The pro!a!ilities of occurrence forthe wind velocities and directionsare recorded in the appropriatespaces on the diagram



PROSEDUR PENGOLAHAN DATAWINDROSE

• 3elakukan evaluasi terhadap kualitas data dan !erkonsultasidengan institusi sum!er data Bdi Indonesia dilakukan oleh )3= ;)adan 3eteorologi limatologi dan =eo"sikaA dalam hal tatacara pencatatan atau pendataannya, untuk mengetahui perilakudan karakteristik data yang akan diolah

• 3elakukan pemilihan data yang akan dipakai untuk data terpakai• 3em!agi masing;masing data ke dalam !e!erapa kecepatan

sehingga menEadi enam kelompok sesuai ketentuan IC/:, yaitu#

J ecepatan kurang dari % knot

J ecepatan antara % hingga 1* knot

J ecepatan antara 1* hingga 1$ knotJ ecepatan antara 1$ hingga 2* knot

J ecepatan antara 2* hingga %* knot, dan

J ecepatan le!ih dari %* knot



• 4angkah selanEutnya setelah pem!agian data dalamkelompok kecepatan angin terse!ut adalah se!agai !erikut#

J 3em!agi masing;masing data dalam setiap kelompok kedalam arah angin per 1* deraEat untuk mengelompokkandata terhadap arah angin

J 3em!uat matrik arah angin terhadap kecepatan angin,sehingga didapatkan seEumlah data untuk masing;masingarah dan kelompok kecepatan tertentu

J 3em!uat windrose type;1, terkait dengan prosentase Eumlah data terhadap arah angin yang dominan

J 3em!uat windrose type;2, terkait dengan prosentase Eumlah data terhadap arah dan kecepatan angin sesuaimatrik

PROSEDUR PENGOLAHAN DATAWINDROSE



CONTOH ANALISAWINDROSE

• Record 9 percent (the sum of

2 percent calms plus 7

percent winds under 4 mph)

within the innermost

concentric circle, the radius of

which represents 4 mph.

Record the percentages 3.3,1.4, .1, ., and . (shown

for the north direction in

columns (!), (c), (d), (c), and

(f)• on the diagram !etween the

radial lines showing north and

!etween the concentric circlesshowing wind "elocities of 4#

13, 13#2$, 2$#32, 32#47, and

more than 47 mph,

respecti"el%.




•&se a thin, transparent, rectangularindicator to anal%'e a wind rose.

• his indicator is constructed to the same

scale as the wind rose on which it is

used.• he width of the indicator is !ased on the

accepta!le crosswind "elocit%. ith an

accepta!le crosswind "elocit% of 13 mphand a wind rose scale of . 1 inch e*uals

1 mph, the rectangle is 1.3 inches from

its center to its edge and has an o"erall

width of 2.+ inches.• he rectangle is slightl% longer than +

inches, the diameter of the windrose

diagram.• he long ais (the centerline) of the

rectangle is mar-ed with a fine, opa*ue

line that shows the direction of a runwa%.

small hole at the midpoint of this line is

used for a pi"ot to rotate the rectangle.




• he indicator is securel% pi"oted at the center of the wind rose

(/igure 11#1). 0ecause the edges of the indicator define the

limits of the accepta!le crosswind "elocit% components, the

spaces and portions of spaces co"ered !% the indicator

represent accepta!le surface wind "elocities and directions.• Rotate the rectangular indicator a!out its center and orient it

so that the total percentages (of occurrence for each wind

"elocit%) is maimi'ed.• otal the percentages under the indicator. his total is the

percentage of time that crosswind "elocities will !e within the

specified limit for a runwa% oriented in the direction shown !%

the rectangular indicator.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/5-430-00-2/Ch11.htm




CONTOH ANALISA WINDROSEMENGHITUNG PERSENTASE YANG TERTUTUP OLEH INDIKATOR

PERSEGI

• etermine the percentage co"erage totals with the indicator

oriented in se"eral directions. ompare these totals to determine

the !est runwa% orientation, as !ased solel% upon surface wind

data. f the percentage co"erage for one runwa% is inade*uate,

ma-e a wind#rose anal%sis for com!inations of runwa% directionsto determine the most suita!le com!ination that will pro"ide the

necessar% co"erage.• ither of two procedures ma% !e followed to e"aluate the total

percentage co"ered !% the rectangular indicator on a wind rose.

• 5ne procedure is to calculate the total of the representati"epercentages co"ered !% the indicator. he other is to calculate

the total of the representati"e percentages not co"ered !% the

indicator and su!tract this total from 1. a!les 11#$ and 11#+

show eamples of each procedure.








PERSEGI




PERSEGI



RUNWAY LIGHTING• These lights are used to assist pilot

in to identify the runway

• =R557 T?R5?:4D 4I=?T # 4ine

the runway edge• R5D 4I=?T # 3ark the end of

runway

• )465 4I=?T # Run alongsideta-iways

• 8hile runways have 9544:8 or

8?IT5 lights marking their edges $*



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RUNWAY SIGNS• <arious kinds of runway signs

are also used for facilitation

• They dier according to their

purpose and action

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TERIMA KASIH

Documents

Windrose Analysis