WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION THEORY Consulting Editor Robert Gallager

Other books in the series:

INTRODUCTION TO CONVOLUTIONAL CODES WITH APPLICATIONS, Ajay Dholakia ISBN: 0-7923-9467-4

CODED-MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR FADING CHANNELS, S. Hamidreza Jamali, and Tho Le-Ngoc

ISBN: 0-7923-9421-6 ELLIPTIC CURVE PUBLIC KEY CYRPTOSYSTEMS, Alfred Menezes

ISBN: 0-7923-9368-6 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: Mobile and Fixed Services, Michael Miller, Branka Vucetic and Les Berry

ISBN: 0-7923-9333-3 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: Future Directions, Jack M. Holtzman and David J. Goodman

ISBN: 0-7923-93\6-3 DISCRETE-TIME MODELS FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS INCLUDING ATM, Herwig Bruneel and Byung G. Kim

ISBN: 0-7923-9292-2 APPLICATIONS OF FINITE FIELDS, Alfred 1. Menezes, Ian F. Blake, XuHong Gao, Ronald C. Mullin, Scott A. Vanstone, Tomik Yaghoobian

ISBN: 0-7923-9282-5 WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, Martin J. Feuerstein, Theodore S. Rappaport

ISBN: 0-7923-9280-9 SEQUENCE DETECTION FOR HIGH-DENSITY STORAGE CHANNEL, JaekyunMoon, L. Richard Carley

ISBN: 0-7923-9264-7 DIGITAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: Military and Civil Applications, A. Nejat Ince

ISBN: 0-7923-9254-X IMAGE AND TEXT COMPRESSION, James A. Storer

ISBN: 0-7923-9243-4 VECTOR QUANTIZATION AND SIGNAL COMPRESSION, Allen Gersho, Robert M. Gray

ISBN: 0-7923-9181-0 THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS INFORMATION NETWORKS, Sanjiv Nanda, David J. Goodman

ISBN: 0-7923-9128-3 SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING: An Algorithmic Approach, John B. Anderson, Seshadri Mohan

ISBN: 0-7923-9210-8 ADVANCES IN SPEECH CODING, Bishnu Atal, Vladimir Cuperman, Allen Gersho

ISBN: 0-7923-9091-1 SWITCHING AND TRAFFIC THEORY FOR INTEGRATED BROADBAND NETWORKS, Joseph Y. Hui

ISBN: 0-7923-9061-X ADAPTIVE DATA COMPRESSION, Ross N. Williams

ISBN: 0-7923-9085 SOURCE CODING THEORY, Robert M. Gray

ISBN: 0-7923-9048-2

WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

edited by

Jack M. Holtzman David J. Goodman Rutgers University

WINLAB (Wireless Injormation Network Laboratory)

~.

" SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

ISBN 978-1-4613-6170-1 ISBN 978-1-4615-2716-9 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2716-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Copyright © 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1994

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Printed on acid-free pa per.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

I. PCS ECONOMICS

1. The Cost Structure of Personal Communication Services

David P. Reed

II. MOBILE DATA AND COMPUTING

2.

3.

WIN with OSI, the sequel: A Case Study of TETRA Digital Private Mobile Radio

Richard L. Davies, Alistair Munro and Michael Barton

An Adaptive Routing Scheme for Wireless Mobile Computing

Ruixi Yuan

III. CDMA CAPACITY INCREASES

4.

5.

Multiuser Detection and Diversity Combining for Wireless CDMA Systems

Zoran Zvonar

An Adaptive Multi-user Decorrelating Receiver For CDMA Systems

Sumit Roy, Dao Sheng Chen and Siun Chuon Mau

ix

1

23

39

51

67

vi

6.

7.

Performance Analysis of a DS/CDMA System Using a Successive Interference Cancellation Scheme

Pulin Patel and Jack Holtzman

Reverse Channel Performance Improvements in CDMA Cellular Communication· Systems Employing Adaptive Antennas

Joseph C. Liberti and Theodore S. Rappaport

IV. MULTIPLE ACCESS

8.

9.

10.

Hybrid Slow Frequency-Hop/CDMA­TDMA as a Solution for High-Mobility, Wide-Area Personal Communications

Philip D. Rasky. Greg M. Chiasson and David E. Borth

A Reservation Multiple Access Scheme for an Adaptive TDMA Air-Interface

Jonathan De Vile

Simulation Results on CDMA Forward Link System Capacity

Szu-Wei Wang and Irving Wang

V . RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - POWER CONTROL AND CHANNEL ALLOCATION

11.

12.

Transmitter Power Control for Co-channel Interference Management in Cellular Radio Systems

Jens Zander

An Asynchronous Distributed Algorithm for Power Control in Cellular Radio Systems

Debasis Mitra

83

99

113

133

145

161

177

13.

14.

15.

Squeezing Out Capacity with Joint Power­Control and Channel Assignment

Mooi Chao Chuah, Sanjiv Nanda and Wing S. Wong

Traffic Adaptive Channel Assignment in City Environments

Michael Andersin and Magnus Frodigh

Design and Performance Analysis of Algorithms for Channel Allocation in Cellular Networks

Dragomir D. Dimitrijevic and Je/ena F. Vucetic

VI. FURTHER 3RD GENERATION ISSUES

16.

17.

18.

INDEX

Leveraging the Public Switched Telephone Network Infrastructure for Wireless PCS

P.L. Bryant

Mobile Broadband System (MBS) -System Architecture

Holger Hussmann and Carl-Herbert Rokitansky

The Customer Premises Networks in the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Security Aspects.

Antonio Barba, Ernest Cruse lies Forner and Jose Luis Melus Moreno

Vll

187

209

225

243

251

265

281

PREFACE In October 1993, the Rutgers University Wireless Infonnation Network Laboratory hosted the fourth WINLAB Workshop on Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks. These events bring together a select group of experts interested in the long tenn future of Personal Communications, Mobile Computing, and other services supported by wireless telecommunications technology. This is a fast moving field and we already see, in present practice, realizations of visions articulated in the earlier Workshops. In particular, the second generation systems that absorbed the attention of the first WINLAB Workshop, are now commercial products. It is an interesting reflection on the state of knowledge of wireless communications that the debates about the relative technical merits of these systems have not yet been resolved. Meanwhile, in the light of United States Government announcements in September 1993 the business and technical communities must confront this year a new generation of Personal Communications Services. Here we have applications in search of the best technologies rather than the reverse. This is a rare situation in the infonnation business.

Today's advanced planning and forward looking studies will prevent technology shortages and uncertainties at the end of this decade. By then, market size and public expectations will surpass the capabilities of the systems of the mid-1990's. Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks will place greater burdens on technology than their predecessors by offering a wider range of services and a higher degree of service integration. The discussions that took place at the 1993 WINLAB Workshop are indicators of the measures being taken now to lay the technical and business foundations of the networks of the future.

As a sequel to Kluwer books on the Second and Third WINLAB Workshopsl this volume assembles written versions of many of the presentations at the Fourth WINLAB Workshop. The authors have done a good job of translating the infonnal, discussion-oriented style of Workshop into archival documents that will serve the need of its academic, commercial and government readers. We present these papers in six Sections, each focused on a cluster of topics important to the success of future wireless infonnation networks.

S. Nanda and D.1. Goodman, ed. Third Generation Wireless Information Networks. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, Norwell, MA.

1.M. Holtzman and D.1. Goodman, ed., Wireless Communications; Future Directions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993, Norwell, MA.

x

Before the Workshop launched into many technical issues, we felt it appropriate to look at economic and cost issues associated with PCS. To this end, the workshop opened with a paper by David Reed of the FCC on the cost implications of using different infrastructures for PCS.

While cellular telephones and cordless telephones have attracted the largest number of people to wireless communications, many people predict that Mobile Computing and Wireless Data services are due for dramatic growth. Technical issues related to these applications are the focus of the second section of this book. Richard L. Davies, Alistair Munro and Michael Barton address the question of how to implement open data communication protocols in a wireless environment and how to interconnect them with comparable protocols in fixed Networks. Ruixi Yuan of NEC Systems Laboratory discusses a routing scheme for wireiess mobile computing that is adaptive to changing traffic patterns. This subject has a strong impact on traditional computing issues including network resource consumption, database management, and network security.

The section on CDMA Capacity Increases, explores sophisticated signal processing approaches to enhancing code division multiple access communications. CDMA already figures prominently in wireless, local area networks and prospective digital cellular systems. All of these systems operate by "pulling out" a desired signal from composite signal that contains many other CDMA transmissions. The other transmissions are treated as noise contaminating the desired signal. A different approach is to detect simultaneously all signals, and use known characteristics of each transmission to improve the accuracy of detecting the others. Theoretical studies show that this approach, referred to as multi-user detection, provides enormous performance gains. A major question for future CDMA equipment is to what extent these gains can be achieved by practical equipment within the economic limits of commercial communications devices. Three papers in this book, from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, University of Pennsylvania, and WINLAB, tackle this question. They consider different types of multiuser detection and interference cancellation, a simplified form of multi-user detection. In the fourth paper in Section III, Joseph Liberti and Theodore Rappaport of Virginia Tech discuss the role of adaptive, narrow beam, antennas in CDMA performance improvement.

Section IV on Multiple Access contains two papers on time division systems and one paper on the capacity of an existing CDMA system. Philip Rasky, David Borth, and Greg Chiasson describe a Motorola

Xl

TDMA approach to serving highly mobile terminals in a wide area personal communications system. Their technique includes frequency hopping and error correcting codes to combat harsh radio propagation conditions. Jonathan DeVile of Roke Manor Research participates in the Pan European mobile RACE project, described in earlier WINLAB Workshops.2 DeVile's subject is an adaptive TDMA technique which resembles to some extent Packet Reservation Multiple Access, under investigation at WINLAB. The technique, which has earned the nickname PRMA++ will be evaluated in laboratory and field tests of prototypes to be constructed in the next year. The third paper in this Section by Szu-Wei Wang and Irving Wang describes a NYNEX study of CDMA forward-link capacity. This paper provides insights into the impact of soft handoff (call moves to a different base station) and softer handoff (call moves to a different sector of the same base station).

Section V on Radio Resource Management adds five papers to a sequence of WINLAB Workshop presentations on a set of complex and crucial tasks to be performed in future systems. The purpose of Resource Management in a wireless information network is to make efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while maintaining the transmission quality of all communications. The papers at the Fourth Workshop addressed two interrelated topics: power control and channel allocation. The first two papers in this section demonstrate the solid theoretical foundation for techniques that adjust the transmitted power of wireless terminals and base stations. Jens Zander of the Royal Institute of Technology, who has done much to advance this subject, presents the basic theory of optimum power control and relates mathematical results to implementation issues. Debasis Mitra, of AT&T Bell Laboratories shows that optimum performance can be achieved when each transmitter adjusts its power asynchronously relative to the other transmitters sharing a common radio channel. This paper provides important guidelines to the implementation of distributed resource allocation techniques, that minimize the necessary coordination among dispersed network elements.

Mooi Choo Chuah, Sanjiv Nanda, and Wing Wong, also of Bell Labs, discuss the relationship of power control to channel allocation techniques. In contrast to the tidy mathematical theories of power control, channel allocation techniques are based for the most part on

2 C. Evci and V. Kumar, "Pan European Project for Third Generation Wireless Communications" in Wireless Communications; Future Directions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993, Norwell, MA.

xii

heuristics, with each method addressing a different aspect of the problem of interference management and capacity maximization. Michael Anderson and Magnus Frodigh of the Royal Institute of Technology, examine channel assignments in the context of a rectangular grid of city streets. They compare various techniques with respect to the assignment failure rate performance criterion. The final paper in Section V, by Dragomir Dimitrijevic and Jelena Vucetic of GTE Laboratories demonstrates one reason for the diversity of approaches to channel allocation. They show that there is a variety of performance criteria for judging the effectiveness of channel allocation and that each one leads to a different algorithm. They also present a novel technique for evaluating channel allocation proposals.

The final Section of the book examines the relationships of advanced wireless networks to fixed networks providing advanced communications services. The fixed network of interest to Larry Bryant of Bell South Enterprises is the Public Switched Telephone Network. Holger Hussman and Carl-Herbert Rokitansky of Aachen Technical University discuss wireless access to Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks, while Antonio Barba, Ernest Cruselles and Jose Melus consider wireless access to customer premises networks.

A nucleus of experts have attended three or even all four of the WINLAB Workshops on Third Generation Wireless Information Networks. They observe that at each Workshop they witness two views of the future. The are exposed to stimulating new ideas that may play prominent roles in future communications system. On the other hand, in common with other speculative work, a fraction of these innovations fall by the wayside under the glare of close scrutiny. The other type of information that emerges in each workshop is news of progress on the surviving ideas from earlier workshops. These ideas are discussed in the context of practical applications. We see this mixture in the current volume, and we invite readers to join with us in finding the golden nuggets that, when refined, will enrich information services of the future.

Jack M. Holtzman David J. Goodman WINLABlRutgers University

Acknowledgement

We are very grateful to Noreen DeCarlo for invaluable help in preparation of this volume.

WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS