Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) - Top Pageamplet.tokyo/cnupdf/20170221_WBAN_Text.pdf · 1 Feb. 21, 2017 Private & Confidential 1 Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)-IEEE 802.15.6

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Private & ConfidentialPrivate & Confidential 11Feb. 21, 2017

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)

- IEEE 802.15.6 and Human Body Communication -

Hideyuki NebiyaAMPLET Communication Lab.

1. IEEE 802.15.6

2. UHF Narrow Band Radio

3. UWB (Ultrawide Band)

4. HBC (Human Body Communication)

5. Communication between Person and Robotusing Human Body Communication

6. Joint Study on Human Body Communicationbetween Korea and Japan

7. Next Generation Human Body Communication


1. IEEE 802.15.6

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Medical and HealthcareShort Range Wireless Communication （IEEE 802.15.6）

Thermometer Sensor

Pulse Sensor

ECG Sensor

Gate way to the InterNet

Urination Sensor

Blood-flow Sensor

Capsule Endoscope

Perspiration Sensor


Summary of the WBAN Standard “IEEE 802.15.6”

UWB HBC

PHY UWB-PHY HBC-PHY402～405MHz For Implant Equipment (World Wide) 3.1～10.6GHz 21MHz Band420～450MHz Medical Telemeter (Japan) （UWB） (5.25MHｚ Bandwidth)863～870MHz ISM Band (Europe)902～928MHz ISM Band (U.S.A.) Depends on950～956MHz ISM Band (Japan) the Regulation of2.36～2.40GHz For Medical Equipment (U.S.A.) Each Country2.4GHz Band ISM Band (World Wide)

MACRange

ModulationPacket Budget

Data SpeedPower Consumption

Network Star Network

BPSK, QPSK, GMSK, etc.2m

Band

Less than 10mA at 3V Operation1～10Mbps

UHF Narrow Band Radio

Recommend the same MAC as other similar Wireless Systems

256 Byte Max

NB-PHY

IEEE 802.15.6

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2. UHF Narrow Band Radio


Super – Low – Power Consumption

UHF Narrow Band Radio ・・・ ANT，BLE

The market where the Super – Low – Power - Consumption Radio is expected

・ Communication between a smart phone, or a tablet PC and a wrist watch

・ Communication between a smart phone, or a tablet PC and a health careequipment

・　ANT　：　Original proposed protocol by Dynastream Innovations　　　　　　　The de facto standard of the substantial industry 　　　　　　　Organization　→　ANT+ Alliance

・　BLE　：　bluetooth low energy　　　　　　　 Organization 　→　Bluetooth SIG

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ANT

・　Members of ANT Alliance　：　Sony Ericsson Mobile Comm， Qualcomm， Samsung， Garmin，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Nordic， Suunto， Timex， Citizen， Tanita， Pioneer， A and D， etc.

・　Standard decision which is conscious of the smart phone vendor

・　Application Platform ： ANT+

・　The licensing fee is free of charge concerning the development of the equipment corresponding to ANT and software compatible with ANT+.

・　De facto standard in the sport related industry.

・　Track record to a sport wrist watch and running shoes.

nRF24AP2 （Nordic） CC257X （TI）

Frequency 2.4GHz ISM Band 2.4GHz ISM BandMaximum Bit Rate 20kbps 1Mbps

Output Power 0ｄBm +4ｄBmSensitivity -85ｄBm ??

ANT


BLE

・ Lower Power Consumption based on Bluetooth

・ Members of BLE PUID WG　：　Apple， Qualcomm， Nokia， Sony Ericsson Mobile Comm，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Casio， Citizen， Toshiba， Murata， etc.

・ Members of BLE Medical Device WG　：　Atheros Comm， Broadcom， CSR， Intel， TI，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Nokia， Mindtree， Murata， etc.

・ Members of BLE HID　：　IC chip vendors， Peripheral equipment vendors， etc.

・　An application profile is almost completed.　　PUID　→　Time， Proximity， Find me， Alert Nortification，Phone Alert Status， Soft Button，　　　　　　　　 Network Availability， Emargency

　　Medical Device　→　Heart Rate Monitor， Physical Activity Monitor， Blood Glucose Meter，　　　　　　　　　Health Thermometer， Health Device Information， Pulse oximeter， Weight Scale

　　HID　→　Key Board，Wireless Remort Controller， etc.

・　BLE in a smart phone is expected from the past BT track record.

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BLE

Bluetooth （EDR Mode） BLE （Bluetooth Low Energy）

Frequency 2.4GHz ISM Band 2.4GHz ISM BandSystem

Modulation GFSK, π/4-DQPSK, 8DPSK GFSKNumber of FHSS Channels 79 40FHSS Channel Separation 1MHz 2MHz

+20ｄBm (Class-1） +8ｄBm （CSR1000/CSR）+4ｄBm （CC2540/TI）

0ｄBm （nRF8001/Nordic）Communication Range

-92ｄBm （CSR1000）-93ｄBm （CC2540）-87ｄBm （nRF8001）

ACK Packet Length 126μS 80μSMaximum Packet Length 2875μS 328μS

305kbps （CSR1000）1Mbps （CC2540）

Variable （nRF8001）Pico Net Topology Corresponding Un-corresponding

Voice Communication Corresponding Un-corresponding

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS)

Output Power

30～50m （TX output 0dBm）

3MbpsMaximum Bit Rate

+4ｄBm (Class-2）

Less than -70dBmSensitivity


3. UWB (Ultrawide Band)

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“１”　　　　　　　　　 “0”

ASK Impulse UWB

No-pulse

Pulse

Decided Pulse Period


“１”　　　　　　　　　　 “0”

PSK Impulse UWB

Decided Pulse Period

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1ｎS 2ｎS 10nS

1 2 3

Freq.

Power

1 2 3

Freq.

Power

1 2 3

Freq.

Power

GHz GHz GHz

Relation between Impulse and Spectrum


4. HBC (Human Body Communication)

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Electric Field Communication Systemby Dr. Thomas G. Zimmerman

Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication, Thomas G. Zimmerman, IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 35, NOS 3&4, 1996

Block Diagram of PAN


4-1. Ultra Basic Electromagnetism

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What is Magnetic Field ?

What is Electric Field ?


Magnetic Force

S Pole N Pole

N Pole S Pole

S Pole N Pole

S Pole N Pole

N Pole S Pole S Pole N Pole

Attract each other　As well known, a Magnet gives the power to pull certain things. Magnetic Field depicts the Forceexerted on between one north pole and one south pole.

Repel each other

Repel each other

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The Static Electricity makes your Hair stand straight out from your head.

Building upStatic Electricityunder the Arm

Plastic Sheet

Plastic Sheet

Experiment using Static Electricity


TXD　＝　０　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TXD　＝　1

Concept of HBC

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TXD　＝　０　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TXD　＝　1

Operation Principle of HBC


4-2. Body as a Transmitter

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The cyclic movement of the Heart

Body as a Transmitter


ECG

Transmitting data“ABC”

HBC Transmitter Module

HBC Receiver Module

Receiving Data“ABC”

HBC System with ECG (electrocardiogram)

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HBC Applications for Medical

If a patient uses wearable vital sensors connected to a data logging equipment, a patient cannot change sides of the bed, and cannot go to a toilet.

This is the reason why the HBC as short range wireless communication to be required at the hospital.


* Electrocardiogram

The HBC Project at the University of Tokyo Hospital

* Pulse

* Battery voltageof an auxiliary medical equipment

Information

HBCCellular Phone NetworkOr Internet

　While the doctor at the hospital talks with the elderly people living alone by Cellular Phone, this system can check the battery voltage of auxiliary medical equipment, the electrocardiogram, and the pulse on the display of the PC at the hospital.

Using HBC Communication between Vital Sensors and Cellular Phone

CellularPhone

Cellular Phone

The elderly people living alone

The doctor at the hospital

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4-3. Suitable Frequency for“Electric Field Communication System”


Radiation from the Body

3MHz

3GHz

Suitable Frequency for “Electric Field Communication System” is HF.

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-50

-45-40

-35-30

-25

-20-15

-10-5

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

周波数［MHz］

損失

［dB

］

Small Size SignalSweep Generator

WearableReceiver

Ground

CGND

CCOLD

Small SizeSpectrum Analyzer

WearableTransmitter

Frequency [MHz]

Pro

paga

tion L

oss

[dB

]

Normalized Propagation Characteristics by Experimentbetween a Wearable Transmitter and a Wearable Receiver


Normalized Propagation Characteristics by Experimentbetween a Desk-mounted Transmitter and a Desk-mounted Receiver

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

周波数［MHz］

損失

［dB

］

CGND CGND

Small SizeSpectrum Analyzer

Small Size SignalSweep Generator

Ground

Desk-mountedReceiver

Desk-mountedTransmitter

Desk

Frequency [MHz]

Pro

paga

tion L

oss

[dB

]

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4-4. How to design an Electrode


How to design an Electrode

Ground ofCircuit

Transmitter

Ground ofCircuit

Receiver

Ground

CapacitiveCoupling

CapacitiveCoupling

Capacitive Coupling Capacitive Coupling

C2

C2

C3C1

C4

C3

C1

C4

LeakageCurrent

Condition ofLeakage Current ＝ 0

→　C1　：　C3　＝　C2　：　C4

LeakageCurrent

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4-5. Our Dream using HBC Technology


인체통신의 미래

눈이안보이는사람이나귀가안들리는사람대신에, 정상인이본영상또는들은소리의뇌파신호를인체통신으로상대의뇌에게전달한다.

인체통신

눈이안보이는사람

자동차를보고있는정상인

인체통신송신기

인체통신수신기

뇌안의영상

자동차

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5. Communication between Person and Robotusing Human Body Communication


The Personal Care Robot for aged Person

Light

CameraSound Microphone

Heat

ForcePressure Sensor

Position

Location

Magnetic Field Sensor,GPS

AccelerometerSensor

Light

HMD

Sound Vestibular

Vestibular Electrical Stimulus Module

HeatPiezoelectricElement

ForceVibrator

Earphone,Vibrator

Vestibular

Skin

Muscle，Tendon，Joint

Year

Eye

Vestibular : Contribute to balance Human body, whichconstitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear.

Thermometer

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The Issue of Wire Harness Breakage at Joints of a Robot

Joint

After many times bending Arms of the Robot ・・・Wire Harness Breakage at the Joint should happen to occur. It is a Problem !!

Wire Harness


HBCTransmitter

HBCReceiver

Capacitive Coupling(Wire Harness less)

Wire HarnessWire Harness

The Solution of Wire Harness Breakageusing Human Body Communication Technology

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6. Joint Study on Human Body CommunicationBetween Korea and Japan


Joint Seminar on Human Body CommunicationMoU between ETRI, Korea and AMPLET, Japan

Chair of Korea： Dr. Byong Nam Lee ( ETRI )Chair of Japan ： Dr. Hideyuki Nebiya ( AMPLET, The University of Tokyo )

1st in Seoul(Nov., 2011)

2nd in Tokyo(Feb., 2012)

3rd in Jeju(Oct., 2012)

5th in Daejeon(Mar., 2015)

4th in Yokohama(Jul., 2013)

6th in Tokyo(May, 2016)

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Education Agreement on Human Body CommunicationMoU between CNU, Korea and AMPLET, Japan

Korea ： Prof. Jong Myung Woo ( CNU )Japan ： Dr. Hideyuki Nebiya ( AMPLET Communication Laboratory )

(Mar., 2016)(Aug., 2006)

(Dec., 2016)


7. Next Generation Human Body Communication

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On-body Communication / In-body Communication

HBCTransmitter

HBCReceiver

TX Electrode RX Electrode

HBCTransmitter

HBCReceiver

TX Electrode (-)

TX Electrode (+)

RX Electrode (-)

RX Electrode (+)

Cold Electrode（On-body）

Cold Electrode

Reference Plane (Ground)

（On-body）

（On-body）

（In-body）


In-body Communication （Capsule Endoscopy）

＋

－

HBCReceiver（Displey）

RX Electrode（＋）

RX Electrode（－）

＋

－

TX Electrode（＋）

TX Electrode（－）

TX Electrode（＋）

TX Electrode（－）

HBCTransmitter

（Capsule Endoscopy ）

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Noise Suppression using Differential Electrodes

HBCTransmitter

HBCReceiver

TX Electrode RX Electrode

HBCTransmitter

HBCReceiver

TX Electrode (-)

TX Electrode (+)

RX Electrode (-)

RX Electrode (+)

Noise

Noise

Noise

Cold Electrode Cold Electrode（On-body）

（In-body）

（On-body）

（On-body）

Reference Plane (Ground)


HBC Technical Bookby Hideyuki Nebiya as Editorial Supervisor

Thank you for your attention.

Documents

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) - Top Pageamplet.tokyo/cnupdf/20170221_WBAN_Text.pdf · 1 Feb. 21, 2017 Private & Confidential 1 Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)-IEEE 802.15.6