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Radio Wave / RF Energy (a)
• FCC Frequency Allocations
• Radiation
• Propagation
• Path Loss (distance factors)
• Path Loss (environmental factors)
Radio Wave / RF Energy (b)
• Fading (multipath)
• Fading (Rayleigh)
• Fresnel Zone
• Wavelength
• Diversity Receivers
Fresnel Zone
The formula for calculating the 1st Fresnel Zone is: _____________
F1 = 72.1 d2 / (f * D)
F1, = 1st Fresnel Zone radius in feet d = midway distance in miles f = frequency in GHz. D = total distance in miles between antennasThen the 0.6F = F1 x O.6
How big is the Fresnel zone?
For a 5 mile link using 915 MHz 60% of the first Fresnel zone at its widest point (middle of the path) is: 50.5627835662477 feet.
For a 5 mile link using 2.4 GHz 60% of the first Fresnel zone at its widest point (middle of the path) is: 31.220215806429 feet.
5a. Modulation
• Carrier (definition)
• Information (definition)
• Analog Modulation
• Amplitude Modulation (AM)
• Frequency Modulation (FM)
• Pulse Modulation (PM) (ICW)
5c. Modulation
• Digital Modulation• Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
• Phase Shift Keying (PSK)• Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
7a. Receiver
• RF Amplifier (terminology note: misuse of term, “pre-amplifier”)
• Demodulator (Detector, Discriminator)
• Audio Processor
• Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis
8b. Interference
• Receiver Solutions to Interference
• Superheterodyne Receivers
• Image Frequency
• Dual Conversion Superheterodyne Receivers
8c. Interference
• Cavity and Filter Solutions to Interference• Bandpass Cavities• High Pass Filters• Low Pass Filters• Block Filters• Notch Reject Filters• LC Filters• Crystal Filters
10. Transmission Line
• Types
• Loss Characteristics
• Bending Radius
• Pressurized Transmission Line
10a. Other Devices
• Transmitter Combiner
• Receiver Multicoupler
• Splitter
• Duplexer
• Leaky Coax
• Bi-directional Amplifier (BDA)
• Isolator
11a. Applications & Principles
• Broadcast Radio
• Television
• Microwave Networks
• Satellite Communications