wireless Power Transfer Webcast

8/17/2019 wireless Power Transfer Webcast

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Agenda

• WPT Introduction and Market Trends (10 min)

• Magnetic Resonance Wireless Charging Measurements using anOscilloscope (20 min)

• Visualize WPT Coupling Efficiency with the ENA Series Network

Analyzer (20 min)

• Summary and Q&A (10 min)


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What is Wireless Power / Charging?

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the transmission of electrical power from a power

source to a consuming device without using discrete manmade conductors. It is ageneric term that refers to a number of different power transmission technologiesthat use time-varying electromagnetic fields.

(Source: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_power )

Testing Wireless

Power Transfer

(WPT) Designs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_power


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Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Market Overview

• WPT market will increase3x in revenue to $8.5B in2018

• Market growth driven bymobile terminals with 4x

growth in number by 2018

• Challenge: there arecurrently conflictingstandards and multiple

alliances which are notinteroperable => multi-mode solutions

forecast

forecast

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What types of wireless power transfer technologies exist?

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Inductive

(tightly coupled)

Magnetic Resonance

(loosely coupled)Overview

Frequency 10 kHz to several 100 kHz Several 100 kHz to several 10s of MHz

Transmit power Several W to several kW Several W to several kW

Transmit distance Short (Z: “mm”) Mid (Z: “cm”)

Efficiency 70 to 90% 40 to 60%

Cost Lowest Fair

Device placement flexibility No (* multi-coil designs only, which add cost) Yes

• Existing solutions are predominantly builton inductive or magnetic resonance

technology• Power efficiency is key parameter• Lower efficiency of magnetic resonance

offset by better user experience

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Power Transfer

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Standard Bodies

Logo

(Qi)

Technology Inductive Inductive Magnetic resonance

Frequency100 ~ 205 KHz80 ~ 300 kHz

205 ~ 300 KHz 6.78 MHz

Communication System In-band load modulation In-band load modulation Bluetooth

Max. Power Transfer

15 W (Low)120 W (Medium)

2 kW (High)5 W 70 W

Max. Transfer Distance 5 mm 50 mm

# of Device Charging Single Multiple

Members TypesSemiconductors vendors, mobile phone vendors, automotive companies, furniture

companies, coffee shops, test equipment vendors, etc.

Members 216 companies 195 companies

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Standards

• PMA & A4WP merged in Jun-15 and became Airfuel Alliance• WPC currently working on magnetic resonance spec

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Keysight WPT Forum (Sep 22, 2015) 300+ attendees

12:40~13:20 報到暨展攤交流.

13:20~13:30 歡迎詞及簡介.

13:30~13:55 Qualcomm® WiPower ™ TechnologyQualcomm, Jack Chen

13:55~14:20 PTU and PRU Design ChallengesiCirround, Boson Chuang

14:20~14:45 Overview of Wireless Charging Technologies

Gotrend, Benson Wang

14:45~15:10 Wireless Charging Turnkey Test SolutionsKeysight, Hidekazu Manabe

15:35~16:00 Multi-mode Wireless Charging SolutionsNXP, Rebecca Chen

16:00~16:25 Wireless Charging Applications and MarketsAvnet, Andy Yang

16:25~16:50 WPC Overview and Certification ProcessSGS, Leo Hsu

16:50~17:15

Introduction of MR Technology and StandardETC, Roy Lin

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Hardware+Software+People=WPT SolutionsKeysight Supports a Complete Workflow


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Agenda


• Magnetic Resonance Wireless Charging Measurements using

an Oscilloscope (20 min)

• Visualize WPT Coupling Efficiency with the ENA Series Network

Analyzer (20 min)



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AirFuel Magnetic Resonant System Overview

PRX_OUT

PTX_IN PPA

PRect

PIN(DC)

POUT

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Power Transfer(WPT) Designs


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Conformance and Non-conformance Measurements

• Resonator Current (ITX_COIL)

• Power Transfer State (Min, Max, Absolute max, Nominal, etc.)• Power Save State (ITX_SHORT_BEACON_MIN & ITX_LONG_BEACON_MIN)

• Resonator Frequency (6.78 MHz ±15 kHz)

• Slew Rate (mArms/ms) & Settling Time

• Beacon Timing

• tSHORT_BEACON• tLONG_BEACON• tCYCLE• tLONG_BEACON_PERIOD

• Power & Efficiency (non-conformanc e)• PTU Real Power (PTX_IN)

• PRU Real Power (PRX_OUT)

• Resonator Coupling Efficiency (RCE)

• System Efficiency (η = PRX_OUT/PIN(DC))

Using an Oscilloscope

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PTU Resonator Current Specifications

Resonator Current(ITX_COIL)

Class 2Example

Class 3Example

Class 4Example

ITX_MIN 410 mArms 850 mArms 965 mArms

ITX_SHORT_BEACON_MIN 410 mArms 850 mArms 600 mArms

ITX_LONG_BEACON_MIN 450 mArms 850 mArms 800 mArms

ITX_START 450 mArms 850 mArms 1300 mArms

ITX_NOMINAL 450 mArms 1200 mArms 1375 mArms

ITX_MAX 650 mArms 1250 mArms 1680 mArms

ITX_ABS_MAX 750 mArms 1300 mArms 1862 mArms

SR-max(ITX) 100 mArms/ms 100 mArms/ms 150 mArms/ms

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PTU ITX_COIL Transition Response & Slew Rate

• ITX_COIL shall reach steady-state within 250 ms of any transition (90% of deltabetween start and end current values).

• Transition shall not be under-damped.

• Slew rate of ITX_COIL (RMS current level change/shift - not instantaneous) shall notexceed SR-max (ITX) unless faster rate is required to reach ITX_SHORT_BEACON_MIN within 10ms.

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Beacon Timing and Sequence

Time Contraint Value (ms) Description

tSHORT_BEACON 10 to 30 The short beacon-on-period

tLONG_BEACON 105 ± 5 The long beacon-on-period

tCYCLE 250 ± 5 The short beacon period

tLONG_BEACON_PERIOD > 850 ≤ 3000 The long beacon period

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Resonate Coupling Efficiency (RCE)

• For conformance testing, RCE is computed using S-parameters or Z-parameters obtained from network analyzer measurements.

• For design verification (non-conformance), RCE can be directlymeasured using an oscilloscope.

• At 6.78 MHz, probe deskew calibration is critical!

• Power losses and efficiency of various stages of the PTU and PRU canalso be directly measured using an oscilloscope during designverification in order to optimize overall system efficiency.

Minimum RCE (percent and dB) between PRU and PTU

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Triggering on Isolated Short Beacons

Zone 2NOT intersect

Zone 1NOT intersect

• Pulse-Width Trigger (Low > 100 ns) triggers at the beginning of any short beacon(including short beacons concatenated with long beacons).

• Zone Trigger qualifies display and measurements on “isolated” short beacons.

Without Zone Trigger With Zone Trigger

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Short Beacon Timing Measurements

• Zoom-in to 5 ms/div to measure tSHORT_BEACON.

• +Width measurement on Math1 waveform (Max Hold) measures tSHORT_BEACON (10 ms to 30 ms).

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tSHORT_BEACON

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Short Beacon Timing Measurements

• “Ax +B” math function (Math2) with A = 0.707 and B = 0 on Max Hold waveform (Math1) plotsapproximate RMS current levels.

• X & Y tracking cursors slaved to 45% to 55% Rise Time measurement on Math2 waveform measuresslew rate (∆Y/∆X) of RMS current level change (100 mArms/ms to 150 mArms).

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SR-max(ITX_SHORT_BEACON)

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Short Beacon Current & Frequency

1. Set horizontal position/delay > settling time but < tSHORT_BEACON.2. Set timebase to 500 ns/div.3. Select “AC RMS – Cycle” and “Frequency” (6.78 MHz ±15 kHz) measurements.

ITX_SHORT_BEACON 8 ms after beginning of short beacon

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Long Beacon Timing Measurements

• Set timebase to 20 ms/div with 80 ms delay.

• Change Zone1 from “Must Not Intersect” to “Must Intersect” to trigger on short + long beacons.

• +Width measurement on Math1 waveform (Max Hold) measures tSHORT_BEACON + tLONG_BEACON.

• tLONG_BEACON (105 ms ±5ms) = +Width – tSHORT_BEACON.

tLONG_BEACON

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Long Beacon Timing Measurements

• “Ax + B” math function with A = 0.707 (Math3) on “Smoothed” waveform (Math2) on “Max Hold” waveform(Math1) plots change in RMS current.

• X & Y tracking cursors slaved to 45% to 55% Rise Time measurement on Math3 waveform measuresslew rate (∆Y/∆X) of RMS current level change between short beacon and long beacon.

SR-max(iTX_LONG_BEACON)

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Long Beacon Current and Frequency

• Turn off all math functions, and turn off Zoom timebase.

• Set delay such that long beacon current is at steady-state level at center-screen.

• Set timebase to 500 ns/div.

• Select “AC RMS – Cycle” and “Frequency” measurements.

iTX_LONG_BEACON and Frequency

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Long Beacon Period

• Pulse-Width Trigger (Low >100 ms < 160 ms) without Zone triggers on 1st short beacon after long beacon.

• Max Hold math function (Math1) with Peak Detect acquisition mode plots positive peaks of each beacon.

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Long Beacon Period

• Measurement Trend math function (Math2) based on +Width measurements on Max Hold waveform(Math1) plots beacon widths versus time.

• Period measurement on Measurement Trend waveform (Math2) measures tLONG_BEACON_PERIOD (850 ms to3000 ms).

tLONG_BEACON_PERIOD

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Resonator AC Power & Efficiency Measurements

De-skewing is critical to ensure accurate power (V x I)measurements!

The de-skew fixture (or a 10-Ω resistor) along with the poweroption automatically calibrates the time delay betweenvoltage and current probe to insure accurate power lossmeasurements.

Probe skew = ~6 nsDeskewed!

6.78 MHz sine wave fromscope’s built-in WaveGen

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Efficiency Measurements (η)

• System efficiency can be optimized bymeasuring efficiency of each stage of powertransfer.

• InfiniiVision oscilloscope’s power app option

automates probe deskew and efficiencymeasurements.

ηPTU = PIN / PTX_COIL

RCE = PTX_COIL / PRX_COIL

ηPRU = POUT / PRX_COIL

ηMAX = ΣPRX_REPORTED/PIN

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Selecting the Right Current Probe

Model

Bandwidth

Max Peak

Current

(AC + DC)

Conversion

Factor

Insertion

Impedance

@ 6.78 MHz

Max

Current @

6.78 MHz

1147B

50 MHz 30 A1 0.1 V/A 600-mΩ ~3.5 A-RMS

N2893A

100 MHz 30 A1 0.1 V/A 40-mΩ ~5 A-RMS

N2893A De-rate Current vs Freq N2893A Insertion Impedance vs Freq

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Agenda


• Magnetic Resonance Wireless Charging Measurements using anOscilloscope (20 min)

• Visualize WPT Coupling Efficiency with the ENA Series

Network Analyzer (20 min)



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Component Design & Verification inWPT System using LCR/ZA and VNA

Hiroshi Kanda Product Application ExpertCommunication Solution Group


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Requirements Keysight Solutions Solution Values

LCR, Q measurements

• LCR Meter / Impedance AnalyzerHighest accuracy LCR Meter,

Impedance Analyzer

Wireless Power Transfer

Efficiency measurement

• Vector Network Analyzer

Intuitive WPT parameter display

High Power Reflection

measurement


Configurable test set

Module Characterization

& Troubleshooting


One-box solution:

S-parameter & Gain-phase

Keysight Test Solutions for WPT system

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LCR Q f t t


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LCR, Q factor measurements

– Measurement Challenges:

• High-Q Inductor

• Accuracy, Repeatability

E4980A LCR Meter

(20 Hz – 20 MHz)

E4990A Impedance Analyzer(20 Hz – 10/20/30/50/120 MHz)

Wooden Table,no metal objects,is recommended!

LCR Meter and Impedance Analyzer

– Keysight Offers:

• LCR Meter and Impedance Analyzer

• Test Fixtures/Accessories to connectdevice under test (DUT)

• Correction/Compensation methods toimprove measurement accuracy

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Q t


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Q measurement

– Q measurement error – Improvement of Q measurementaccuracy

• Use the instrument with better accuracy(e.g., basic impedance meas. accuracy):

- E4980A: ±0.05%

- E4990A: ±0.08% (±0.045% typ.) • Perform optimum compensation for residual

resistance and cable length

- Cable length compensation

- Open/Short/Load correction

Measurement error and accuracy improvement

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WPT M t Ch ll


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WPT Measurement Challenges


• Transmitter: ZO ≠ 50 Ω

• Receiver: ZL = R + jX

• Measurement System: 50 Ω

Measurement with Vector Network Analyzer

Power TransmitterOutput Z ≠ 50 Ω

Power Receiver Arbitrary load impedance ZL=R+jX

LC resonant circuitMeasure in 50 Ω environment

DC

Supply

Rectifier

Load

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Wi l P T f C li Effi i


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Wireless Power Transfer Coupling Efficiency


• WPT analysis software provides real-time analysis of voltage, current, andpower transfer efficiency of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) coils andresonators, from 50 ohm based S-parameter measurements.

• Intuitive WPT parameter display,

based on arbitrary loadimpedance

• Real-time power transferefficiency analysis

• Advanced 2D/3D simulation forefficient determination of optimum

load impedance

Wireless Power Transfer Analysis Software

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O ti 006 Wi l P T f A l i


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Option 006 Wireless Power Transfer AnalysisModes of Operation

Source voltage andload impedance canbe defined by user

Display real-time measurementresults of power transfer efficiency.Resonator Coupling Efficiency(RCE) measurements available.

Mode-1: Real-time analysis

Measures up to four parameters at the same time

Select parameters foranalysis, includingcoupling efficiency.

Port1 Port2

Device Under Test

Load

Z(Ω)=R+jX

*Defined

by user

Measured

S-parameter(S11,S21,S12,S22)

Iin(A)

Vout(V)

Iout(A)

Vin(V)

*Defined

byuser

Pin Pout

Efficiency(%)=Real(Pout)/Real(Pin)x100

Zin(Ω)

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O ti 006 Wi l P T f A l i


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Mode-2: Advanced 2D/3D simulation

Option 006 Wireless Power Transfer AnalysisModes of Operation

Maximum power transfer efficiency

Display simulated results in 2D/3Dby sweeping one or two of thefollowing parameters:･ R･ X

･ FrequencyUseful for R&D engineers toevaluate the load impedancedependency.

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Z t hi t t t ti diti


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Z matching measurement at system operating condition


• The E5072A provides direct accessibility

to all of the internal sources and receiversthat can cancel out the effect oftemperature drift from the power amplifierand improve measurement accuracy.

Accurate measurement with E5072A


• Power input required for

operating condition is higher

than maximum power of VNA.

• Additional power amplifier is

necessary to boost input power

to the DUT.

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E5072A overview


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E5072A overviewWhat is configurable test set?

R1

A

R2

B

Port 1 Port 2Port 1

R1 A

Port 2

R2B

Mechanical Step Attenuator(60 dB, 10 dB Step)

Bias-tee

Bias-tee Bias-tee

Bias-tee

• Temperature drift of a boosteramplifier can not be removed.

• High-reverse isolation of abooster amplifier preventsaccurate reflectionmeasurements.

• Very accurate reflectionmeasurement with high-power.

• Cancels (ratios out) the drifteffect of a booster amplifier

Standard test set (E5071C/80A/61B/63B) Configurable test set (E5072A)

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Agenda


• Visualize WPT Coupling Efficiency with the ENA Series Network Analyzer (20 min)

• AirFuel Resonance Wireless Charging Measurements using anOscilloscope (20 min)



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Requirements ChallengesKeysight

SolutionsSolution Values

LCR, Q

measurements

• High-Q Inductor• Accuracy, Repeatability

E4980A,E4990A

Highest accuracy LCR Meter,Impedance Analyzer

Variety of test fixtures, Correction &Compensation for better repeatability

Wireless Power

Transfer

Efficiencymeasurement

• Transmitter: ZO ≠ 50 Ω • Receiver: Z

L

= R + jX• Measurement System: 50 Ω

E5061B,E5063A,

or E5072Awith Option 006

Intuitive WPT param. displayReal-time and 2D/3D analysis based

on S-parameter meas. with arbitraryload impedance setting by simulation

High Power

Reflection

measurement

• Power input required foroperating condition is higherthan maximum power of VNA(Additional PA is necessary).

E5072A

Configurable test setMore accurate measurements at

devices’ actual operating conditions,

cancel out the drift effect of PA

Module

Characterization

&

Troubleshooting

• Need to cover a broad range ofmeasurement needs in widefrequency range (LF to RF)

E5061B-3Lxwith Option 005

One-box solution:

S-parameter & Gain-phasePower integrity analysis, Impedance

measurements

Keysight Test Solutions for WPT system

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ENA Selection Guide for WPT customers


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ENA Selection Guide for WPT customers

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Requirements Solutions for WPT customers List PriceFor compliance tests (AirFuel

RAT)

High-power measurements Reflected impedance test Coupling efficiency test

• E5072A-245/006*

4.5 GHz, $44K

For component characterization Wireless power transfer analysis Impedance analysis Power integrity analysis

• E5061B-3L5/005/006

3GHz, $42K

Affordable solution

Wireless power transfer analysis

• E5063A-205/006

500 MHz, $15K

(*) Option 006 is optionalTesting Wireless


K i ht I fi iiVi i X S i O ill


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Keysight InfiniiVision X-Series Oscilloscopes

Series Bandwidth SampleRate

Memory

(max)

Segmented

Memory

Update

Rate

MSO

Option

Zone

Trigger

Active

Probe

Power

Power

Option

Application Bundle

Option

2000X70 to

200 MHz2 GSa/s 1M Option 50k/sec 8-ch No No No DSOX2APPBNDL

3000T100 MHz to

1 GHz5 GSa/s 4M Option 1M/sec 16-Ch Yes 2-Ch Yes DSOXT3APPBNDL

4000X 200 MHz to1.5 GHz

5 GSa/s 4M Standard 1M/sec 16-Ch Yes 4-Ch Yes DSOX4APPBNDL

6000X1 GHz to

6 GHz20 GSa/s 4M Standard 500k/sec 16-Ch Yes 4-Ch Yes DSOX6APPBNDL

www.keysight.com/find/InfiniiVision

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Best ValueSoftware application bundleDSO#APPBNDL option

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S h N O ill t MSO f FREE


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Supercharge your New Oscilloscope to an MSO for FREE

• Eligible Products: New MSO 3000T, 4000, and 6000 InfiniiVision X-Series Oscilloscopes

• Timeframe: 1-Feb-2016 through 30-Sep-2016

• Promotion Code: 6.004

• Offer Details:

• Equip yourself with MSO capability for the price of a DSO(MSO upgrade valued at $1500- $3500 USD)

• More information:

Adds logic analysis capability with 16 digital channels

Promotion: www.keysight.com/find/supercharge_MSO

New MSO application note:www.keysight.com/find/mso

Mixed SignalOscilloscope(MSO)

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http://www.keysight.com/find/supercharge_MSOhttp://www.keysight.com/find/msohttp://www.keysight.com/find/msohttp://www.keysight.com/find/supercharge_MSO


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Three New A4WP Application Notes and Videos Available


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Three New A4WP Application Notes and Videos Available

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www.keysight.com/find/scopes-power

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K i ht d t f h t i i li


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Keysight products for characterizing power supplies

B1506A Power Device Analyzer

InfiniiVision & Infiniium S-Series Oscilloscopes

PA2201A IntegraVision AC Power Analyzer

N6705B DC Power Analyzer

E5061B Network Analyzer

New!

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Keysight Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Solutions


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Keysight Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) SolutionsSummary

• Keysight’s ENA Option 006 (Wireless Power Transfer Analysis) provides intuitive and real-time analysis ofkey parameters for WPT circuit design

• Most engineers are not aware of and don’t how to

use many of the advanced features of today’s

oscilloscopes to characterize the performance ofwireless power transfer designs, including:

Advanced triggering (such as PW and Zone trigger) Advanced waveform math (such as Max-hold, Ax+B,

and Measurement Trend)

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Testing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Designs


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Testing Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Designs

Testing Wireless

Question & Answer Session

Johnnie Hancock

Applications Program ManagerOscilloscope & Protocol Division

Hiroshi Kanda

Product Application ExpertCommunication Solutions Group

Documents

wireless Power Transfer Webcast