Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Taxonomy ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Top Assignees ..................................................................................................................................... 8
LexScoreTM .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Qualcomm v. Industry ...................................................................................................................... 11
Patent Strength ................................................................................................................................ 12
Licensing Heat Map .......................................................................................................................... 14
Geographical Coverage .................................................................................................................... 16
Products ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Appendix A: Taxonomy heads definition ........................................................................................ 18
Appendix B: Year-wise filing in sub-domain.................................................................................... 21
Appendix C: Year wise filing of Top 15 Assignees ........................................................................... 23
Authors ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Page | 1 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Executive Summary
As mobile technology advances and continuously adds new features, devices such as wearables, tablets
and smartphones get used for longer durations. With this development, the need to keep the devices
adequately charged at all times becomes important. Most of these devices are mobile and do not
require wires for data connectivity, however charging still demands tying up these devices to a cord.
Wireless power aims to cut these cords and transmit power to these devices wirelessly. This is done by
transmitting power from source to device in the form of an electric field, magnetic field, or
electromagnetic radiation.
In this report, we study the technological landscape of this impactful technology from the perspective
of Intellectual Property (Patents). We have found that the majority of patenting activity under this
technology has occurred in inductive coupling technology. Smartphones, cameras, laptops and
computers are the most common application areas of wireless power transmission technology. We also
find that a large number of the patents and patent applications are distributed among the top three
companies that hold patents in this technology domain. Samsung is at the top and holds around 1,136
patents/patent applications. Samsung is followed by Qualcomm and LG, with a significant number of
patents in their portfolio. The share of the top 3 assignees is around 20% of the total patents/patent
applications (considered for analysis) in this technology domain. Geographically, China has seen the
maximum patent filings related to this technology domain, followed by USA, Japan and South Korea.
Using our proprietary patent analytics tool, LexScoreTM, we identify Qualcomm as the leader in this
technology domain, with a high quality patent portfolio and high patent filing activity. Samsung also
holds a significant number of patents in this domain. Toyota and Access Business Group have filed
more than 95 percent of patents after 2009 and have showed potential to compete with Qualcomm as
market leaders in this technology.
Startups like WiTricity Corporation and Mojo Mobility Inc. also have a considerable number of high
strength patents. Our analysis also highlights that Qualcomm dominates the long range power
transmission sub-domains, such as “Microwave power transmission.”
The following sections contain our detailed analysis of the Patent Landscape of this technology domain.
Page | 2 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Introduction
Back in the 1890s, Nikola Tesla showed the world that electricity could be
transferred without the use of a wire. He invented a device (Tesla coil) that
could transfer electricity over the air. More than 100 years later, the world has
adapted this breakthrough technology for commercial application to recharge a
variety of electronic items, beginning with the electric toothbrush. Wireless
power technology is evolving rapidly, with an increasing number of applications
coming to market in the last few years. As an increasing number of gadget
makers warm up to a world without wires, this technology category is
positioned to explode. The growth in mobile computing has led to more slim
and stylish devices without connectors. Most of the data transfer in mobile
devices is done wirelessly through Wi-Fi and mobile data networks. It is only
natural to eliminate the power chord needed to charge these devices to make
them truly wireless. With the advent of more pervasive mobile computing
technologies, the need to keep these power-hungry devices charged without
wires has initiated the next wave of innovation in wireless power transfer.
Wireless charging finds its application in smartphones, tablets, Bluetooth
headsets, portable computers and game controllers. Smartphone
manufacturers have already released phones with built in wireless charging
capability, and wireless charging pads are already being offered at several select
Starbucks outlets.
So the big question is – how does wireless charging work?
At present there are two primary methods by which wireless charging can be
done. These are called non-radiative and radiative methods. In near-field or
non-radiative techniques, power is transmitted over a short distance via
coupling between coils of wire using magnetic induction or by capacitive
coupling between electrodes. In radiative or far-field techniques, also called
power beaming, power is transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves or
laser beams. In this scenario waves or beams should be directed towards a
particular receiver.
Wireless charging technology has diverse application in the electronic industry.
The Total Available Market (TAM) for wireless power charging is high, due to a
large number of mobile devices and is expected to grow by more than forty
times in terms of revenue by 20181. Pike Research has forecasted that the
number of wireless power systems in mobile devices will grow from 3.74 million
in 2012, to 27.63 million in 20162. Another market research by the marketing
consultancy company Markets & Markets suggests that the wireless power
1 Global Market Revenue for Wireless Charging to Rise by Nearly Factor of 40 by 2018,.IHS, March 13, 2014 2 Wireless power for mobile devices market to reach $5 billion by 2020, Information Age, 16 November 2014
A new highlight
in the series of
Wireless Power
developments is
RRC, which is a
proprietary 20-
Watt transmitter
and receiver
system solution.
Cota Wireless
Power Solution
Improves With
Long Range
Charging
Through Closed
Doors
Page | 3 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
sector will generate revenues of $17.04 billion by 2020 with an estimated CAGR
of 60.49%3.
Figure 1: Market Revenue Prediction (Source: Pike Research)
Smartphone manufacturers have already started integrating wireless charging
features in their flagship smartphones as early as 2013. Phones by Nokia (Lumia
830), Samsung (Galaxy S4), LG (Nexus 4) and HTC (Droid DNA) are some of the
initial devices that incorporate wireless charging. Wireless charging in mobile
devices is expected to become as ubiquitous as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Intel has
already promised the world its first completely wireless computer by 2016.
Toyota, in association with WiTricity, has introduced a wireless charging device
for automotive use. Researchers at Stanford University have undertaken a
research to study the feasibility and applicability of cars powered wirelessly
through electricity induced via magnetic coils on a highway4. Thoratec, a health
care company has also partnered with WiTricity to facilitate wireless charging of
heart pumps and other medical equipment. Lockheed Martin, the aeronautics
defense major, is looking at wireless power transmission to charge drones mid-
air. Researchers at NASA have already flight-tested a small model aircraft
powered by propulsive power from a ground based infrared laser5. The scientific
development has not only been restricted to the academic world, but is also
being developed for commercial applications in the aviation industry. Leggett
and Platt automotive in association with AML are developing a PED wireless
charger for the aviation industry6.
Also WiPower, a Qualcomm patented technology has made its commercial
debut last year in Qualcomm Toq™, the first smartwatch to include wireless
charging. Qualcomm is actively out-licensing its wireless power reference design
3 Wireless Power Transmission Market worth $17.04 Billion by 2020, Markets and Markets. 4 Wireless power could revolutionize highway transportation, Phys.org, 1 February 2012. 5 NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Beamed Laser Power for UAVs, Dunbar, B., NASA, 28 February 2014. 6 Inductive Wireless Charging (IWC), Aviation Modification Leaders Inc.
Global home
furnishings
retailer IKEA
announced a
product launch
of Qi-powered
bedside tables,
lamps and desks
that eliminates
cable mess and
makes it easier
to stay
connected with
always-charged
mobile devices.
Page | 4 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
to licensees, giving them the tools and know-how to incorporate WiPower in
their products. The list of WiPower licensees continues to grow. These are
companies that have signed agreements specifically to work with the WiPower
solution, and include key consumer electronics accessory manufacturers, Tier I
automotive suppliers, furniture manufacturers, and many more.
Long range wireless power transmission techniques are being tested to check
feasibility of power transmission from space. If successful, these techniques
could enable satellites to harvest and transfer solar energy to Earth. Mitsubishi
has already conducted a successful ground demonstration of long range
wireless power transmission. In the demonstration, 10 kW of power was sent
via microwaves to a receiver 500 meters away, causing an LED light to blink at
the receiving end. Japan shows interest in long-range wireless power transfer to
solve its perennial energy needs.
Although wireless power was named one of the top 5 disruptive technologies at
CES 2013 by Forbes, it has still not met its full market potential7. This is primarily
because the technology is still in its nascent state and would require more
research and development. Secondly, the failure of the two power associations,
namely, Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) and Power Matters Alliance (PMA)
to converge on common standards has subdued research and mass
commercialization efforts. The presence of various standards had made the
industry highly fragmented. Wireless power technology appears to be headed
towards a convergence of standards since last year as PMA and A4WP have
agreed to partner. Qi is a wireless charging standard established in 2008 by the
Wireless Power Consortium, and is supported by notable companies such as
IKEA, Verizon, Samsung, Motorola, Philips, Haier, Sony, Panasonic, LG,
Microsoft, Haier, Texas Instruments, etc. After the merger of A4WP and PMA it
became one of the two biggest power consortiums that are trying to establish a
standard for wireless charging. This merged standard group includes high
revenue companies like Samsung, LG, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Microsoft, Haier,
Asustek, Acer, HTC, Toshiba, Motorola, Texas Instruments, etc. Interestingly, a
few companies such as Samsung, Qualcomm, LG, and Texas Instruments were
earlier members of WPC and made a switch to A4WP. These companies have
started to invest increasingly in A4WP, as they believe that this standard has
potential for becoming the wireless charging technology of the future, with its
advantage over the Qi standard because of a ‘one to many’ kind of charging
principle and a longer charging range.
7 The Five Most Disruptive Technologies at CES 2013 by Larry Downes | Forbes, 12 January 2013.
Intel
Corporation
announced that
it has acquired
more than 1,400
patents and
patent
applications
from The Gores
Group, a private
equity firm. The
patents
belonged to
Powerwave
Technologies
Page | 5 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Figure 2: Wireless Power Associations (Source: Global Wireless Power Standard by Niranjan Pathare)
It is not just big companies that are tapping into this highly profitable vertical;
there are many startups that are entering this market as well. One of the most
prominent of all such start-ups is WiTrcity. WiTricity started as a project under
MIT professor Marin Soljačić in 2007. Since then, it has become the industry
pioneer in coupled magnetic wireless power transfer. In the last few years it has
expanded into automotive, aviation, consumer electronics, healthcare and
military industries by collaborating with big players such as Toyota and
Therotac, by providing them with wireless power applications and technologies.
It has Intel, Mediatek, Toyota, IHS, TDK and Delphi as licensees.
In such a financially lucrative and fast evolving market, safeguarding a
company’s interest using Intellectual property is an important strategy for
market players. Assessing the IP landscape is therefore an important exercise
for current market players as well as new entrants in this market. In the
following paragraphs, we analyze the patent landscape of Wireless Power
Transmission. First, a technological taxonomy is presented, followed by a
discussion on the important players in this market.
Leading Battery
Charger
Manufacturer
CTEK announces
a technology and
patent license
agreement with
WiTricity
Technology to
help
revolutionize
the battery
charging
industry
Imagination
Technologies
announced low-
power wireless
IP for wearable
and IoT
Page | 6 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Taxonomy
Wireless power transmission is being targeted for application in products of
companies who are constantly trying to provide a better user experience. It has
created huge opportunities for new technology companies such as WiTricity and
Ubeam, who are trying to eliminate wired charging cords for all home
appliances. However, wireless power transmission is not limited to wirelessly
charging and powering household devices. Techniques such as microwave
power transmission and power beaming are coming up, which aim to transmit
power over longer distances. These techniques are being applied for automotive
vehicle charging, aerial vehicle propulsion, solar power satellites along with a
variety of other uses.
In our study, we have classified patents and patent applications according to
technology, performance, hardware and application.
The mobile smartphone, laptop, and computer domains have the highest
number of patent filings, with 7,769 and 6,691 patents/patent applications
respectively, along with 6,991 patents/patent applications belonging to the
inductive technique domain. This is because of the growing mobile smartphone
market and the increasing growth of power intensive apps and devices. So,
keeping smartphones charged without needing to be bogged down by a wire
has become the prime driver of wireless power technology.
Magneto-dynamic coupling and Defense have the least number of patents
filings with only 138 and 516 patents, respectively. Such a small number of
patent filings in the magneto dynamic coupling domain can be owed to the fact
that magneto dynamic coupling is a very new technology and there are hardly
any products in the market pertaining to this technology. Defense has seen an
increased number of wireless power applications in recent years with Lockheed
Martin and NASA attempting research on charging drones wirelessly, but this
research is yet to materialize into products.
Table 2 in appendix gives year-wise filings (since 2005) of patents in all the
subdomains. Table 3 in appendix provides year-wise filings (since 2006) of
patents in all the subdomains by Qualcomm. The definitions of Level 2 domains
are given in Table 1.
Powermat CEO
Thorsten Heins
says any future
Samsung
smartphone
with wireless
charging will
include his
company's
wireless
charging
standard.
Qualcomm’s
WiPowerBand
Extends the
Apple Watch
Battery Life
Page | 7 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Figure 3: Taxonomy
Level 1 Level 2 Total Documents
Inductive technique 6991
Magnetic resonance coupling 2991
Magneto-dynamic coupling 138
Capacitive coupling 4499
Microwave power transmitter 2571
Laser 2223
Distance Range 3851
Directivity 870
Frequency 5460
Efficiency 2058
Power Capacity 2233
Oscillator 564
Control Circuit 4521
Power Amplifier 1024
Transmitter 4102
Receiver 6194
Rectifier 1735
Automotive 4874
Healthcare 2568
Industrial 5121
Mobile Smartphones and cameras 7769
Defence 516
Home Appliances 1920
Laptops and computers 6691
Application
Technology
Performance Parameters
Hardware
Page | 8 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Top Assignees
The figure below shows the assignees with maximum number of patents/patent
applications related to wireless power transmission. Samsung, Qualcomm and
LG are the top 3 patent filers in this domain with 1,136, 1,014 and 723
patents/patent applications respectively.
The top assignees mainly consist of companies operating in the electronics
domain. Toyota with 353 patents/patent applications and Mitsubishi with 130
patents/patent applications are two leading automobile manufacturers also
appearing in the list, indicating that the automobile industry will soon
incorporate wireless power transmission technology to power vehicles.
Electronics companies seem to be the early adopters of wireless charging
products in the market. Most of the leading smartphone manufacturers have
already released phones that support wireless charging.
Samsung has patents/patent applications on wireless power technology that
relate to smartphones and cameras. Samsung’s patent landscape reveals a lack
of filings of patents on directivity and magneto-dynamic coupling.
Qualcomm has majority of its patents pertaining primarily to the inductive
technique. The patent filing trend indicates that Qualcomm hasn’t focused on
magneto-dynamic coupling. LG has a strong portfolio in Inductive technique,
Magnetic Resonance coupling and mobile computing device.
Table 4 in appendix provides year wise patent filing trend of top assignees since
2005.
Figure 4: Top Assignees
Samsung1136
Qualcomm1014
LG723
Toyota353
Panasonic253
Hanrim Postech245
Sony222
Toshiba190
Access BusinessGroup International
186
Philips144
TDK Corp137
Milux Holding132
Fujitsu130
Mitsubishi130
Haier GroupCorporation
116
LG Innotek has been providing power transmission modules for wireless charging to global smartphone companies since 2012 including LG Electronics, Motorola, and Kyocera.
Page | 9 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
LexScoreTM
We use LexInnova’s proprietary LexScoreTM framework to identify intellectual
property portfolio strength and weakness in wireless power transmission
technology. The figure below depicts the competitive positioning of the top 15
assignees in the wireless power transfer domain. The assignees are compared
on the basis of filing score and quality score. We use our proprietary algorithm
(based on bibliographical information and claim characteristics of an invention)
to calculate the quality of inventions.
The green region comprises of the assignees with the best patent portfolios,
which are exemplary in terms of quality and number of patents. Qualcomm is
the only assignee lying in the green region of the chart and it can be assumed
that it dominates the domain in terms of intellectual property. Samsung and LG
are in the orange region that implies assignees with large patent portfolios in
terms of the number of patents, but lacking in quality. LG and Samsung lag
behind Qualcomm owing to their lower citation and geographical score. The
geographical score can be improved by filing the patents in foreign jurisdictions.
LG and Samsung have filed most of the patents in last 5 years (2010-2014)
resulting in a low citation score. We expect the citation score of these assignees
to improve as further research is carried out in this domain.
Figure 5: LexScore™
Assignees in the blue region possess patent portfolios of good quality but lack in
the number of filings. Toyota, Access Business Group, Philips and Milux Holdings
are the assignees in this region. Toyota is the 4th largest assignee in terms of
patent filings after LG, Samsung and Qualcomm. Toyota and Access Business
Samsung
Qualcomm
LG
Toyota
Fujitsu
Mitsubishi
Panasonic
Hanrim PostechSony
Toshiba
Access Business Group
Philips
TDK Corp
Milux Holding
Haier
Po
rtfo
lio Q
ua
lity
Sco
re
Portfolio Filing Score
Powermat
Acquires
Finland’s
PowerKiss, Stirs
up Wireless
Power Standard
War
Hanrim Postech
unveils wireless
charger dubbed
as "Etoss" for
Samsung
Electronics'
Galaxy S4 and S3
LTE models in
compliance with
Qi standards
Page | 10 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Group have filed more than 95 percent of the patents after 2009, and appear to
be advancing towards the green region.
The Remaining top assignees lie in the red region that comprises of assignees
with patent portfolios lacking in quality as well as in number of filings.
AT&T's LG G3
supports PMA
wireless
charging,
instead of Qi
Page | 11 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Qualcomm v. Industry
The heat map compares Qualcomm with the rest of the industry. The colors
represent Qualcomm’s share in the sub-domain, based on the number of patents
that Qualcomm has filed in the sub-domain, compared to the entire patent set of
the sub-domain. The domains where Qualcomm has contributed significantly are
marked green and the domains where Qualcomm’s share is not significant are
marked in shades of red.
The heat map highlights that Microwave power transmission is one area where
Qualcomm has contributed significantly. Roughly, it owns a quarter of the
patents of this sub-domain. Magnetic resonance coupling is another technology
area where Qualcomm has contributed significantly.
Figure 6: Qualcomm vs. Industry Heat map
‘Distance Range’ is one area where Qualcomm hasn’t contributed significantly,
compared to the rest of the industry. ‘Mobile Smartphones and cameras’ and
‘Automotive’ sectors are the application areas where Qualcomm doesn’t enjoy a
good share of patents. This may be due to the fact that these sub-domains are
the most competitive domains in wireless power transmission. The electronics
industry is one of the first industries that have whole heartedly accepted wireless
power technology. We can find wireless charging enabled smartphones flooding
the markets. The Automotive sector is also trying to revolutionize the electric
vehicle market by providing wireless charging of electric vehicles. Companies are
collaborating to conceptualize and develop infrastructure for charging of electric
vehicles.
The next-
generation Qualc
omm®
Snapdragon™
810
processors will
support Qualco
mm®
WiPower™
technology,
bringing
wireless
charging to the
chipset level on
devices powered
by these
Snapdragon
processors.
Page | 12 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Patent Strength
The patents in our report are ranked automatically by our proprietary tool that
relies on the algorithm developed by Mark A. Lemley, Kimberly A. Moore, John
R. Allison, and R. Derek Trunkey in their research paper, "Valuable Patents".
Historical research has proven that 97% of the litigation-worthy patents in a
portfolio are found in Top bracket of the patents ranked by using this algorithm.
Qualcomm has 121 high strength patents (which lies in the top bracket), which
is maximum for any company related to this sector. Samsung also has 55 high
strength patents, which is low as compared to its competitor, Qualcomm.
Moreover, new companies in this sector such as WiTricity Corporation, Mojo
Mobility Inc. also have 22 and 19 patents respectively in the top bracket. Many
non US companies like, Semiconductor Energy Lab Corporation and Hanrim
Postech Corporation also have patents that feature in the top bracket. An
important point to note here is that there are companies like Fujitsu that does
not appear in this list but still they have possess pretty good patent portfolio.
This is due to the fact that although they don’t have many prolific patents
(patents appearing in the top bracket), the average patent strength of their
portfolio is better than others.
Figure 7: Companies with maximum number of High-strength patents
2015 model year
Toyota Camry to
have wireless
charging
available as an
option
Page | 13 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
The figure below shows the distribution of Qualcomm patents in the domain of
Wireless Power transmission. The table also represents the percentage of high
strength patents in Qualcomm’s patent portfolio related to the corresponding
Level-2 technology domain.
From the figure, we can see that there is a uniform distribution of Qualcomm’s
high strength patents among different level-2 technology domains except in
‘Magneto-dynamic coupling’ and ‘Defense’ level-2 domains, where Qualcomm
has zero high-strength patents. With 39 high strength-patents, ‘Home
Appliances’ category has the highest percentage share (i.e. 15.23%) of high-
strength patents.
Figure 8: Qualcomm High-Strength patent distribution
Level 1 Level 2 Qualcomm PatentsPercentage of high
strength patents
Inductive technique 816 12.87
Magnetic resonance coupling 445 12.36
Magnetodynamic coupling 7 0.00
Capacitive coupling 424 13.44
Microwave power transmitter 640 12.97
Laser 759 11.99
Distance Range 209 9.57
Directivity 518 12.36
Frequency 508 13.98
Efficiency 95 14.74
Power Capacity 214 12.62
Oscillator 37 10.81
Control Circuit 353 13.31
Power Amplifier 176 13.07
Transmitter 508 12.99
Receiver 621 13.69
Rectifier 177 11.30
Automotive 302 11.59
Healthcare 234 11.97
Industrial 825 11.76
Mobile Smartphones and cameras 592 11.66
Defence 33 0.00
Home Appliances 256 15.23
Laptops and computers 909 12.65
Hardware
Application
Technology
Performance
Parameters
Page | 14 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Licensing Heat Map
We use our Licensing-Heat Map (Figure 8) framework to identify sub-domains in
the field of wireless power transmission where licensing activity is expected to
be high. The size of the sections (representing different technology domains) in
the Heat Map indicates the number of patents/patent applications filed in this
domain. This implies the relative importance of the sub-domain whereas the
color represents the chances of future licensing activity in this domain. We
study the patent holding pattern to color code the technology sub-domain for
future licensing activity.
Red color (and shades thereof) signifies a high chance of licensing activity in a
certain sub-domain whereas the green color (and shades thereof) represents a
low chance of licensing activity in the sub-domain. We follow 80-20 rule to
decide the colors, yellow is assigned to the domains that lie on the average case
(i.e. 20% assignees having 80% of the patents/patent applications). The color
drifts towards shades of red if 20% assignees possess less than 80% of the
patents/patent applications, while it drifts towards shades of green in the
reverse case.
Figure 9: Licensing Heat Map
Japanese car
giant Toyota -
which made an
early investment
in Witricity -
now plans to
introduce
wireless
charging in the
2017 Prius.
WattUp router
can beam
wireless power
to 12 devices 15
feet away
Page | 15 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
It is evident from the above figure that Inductive technique, Magnetic
Resonating coupling and Microwave Power transmission are the sub-domains
where top assignees possess a good share of patents.
‘Inductive technique’ utilizes magnetic coupling to transfer energy from one coil
to another. Nickola Tesla introduced/invented this technique for wireless power
transmission. This is the most filed technology sub-domain and 7 out of the top
15 assignees have extensively filed in this domain. Access Business Group
International, Fujitsu, Haier Group Corporation, Hanrim Postech, LG, Milux
Holding, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Philips, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sony, TDK Corp,
Toshiba, Toyota are the top filers in this domain.
‘Magnetic resonance coupling’ is a modification of inductive coupling that
increases the range of the inductive coupling significantly. LG, Qualcomm,
Samsung and Toyota are the top filers in this domain. ‘Distance Range’ and
‘Power capacity’ are dark red in color which reflects a very distributed portfolio
with no monopoly of any assignee in these domains, hence they have higher
chances of licensing activity. While on the other hand, domains like ‘Inductive
techniques’ & ‘Magnetic Resonance coupling’ fall in the lighter shades reflecting
that the patent portfolio in these domains is predominantly held by some top
players.
Toshiba
Launches
Wireless Power
Receiver IC
Supporting
Quick Charging
Page | 16 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Geographical Coverage
China is the jurisdiction that has witnessed the maximum patent filings, with
4,770 patent applications. The US is in the second place after China with 3,845
patent application filings followed by Korea and Japan. Remaining countries
have less than 200 patents/patent applications.
China is ahead in the total number of filings in spite of the fact that the top 5
assignees have more patent filings in USA than in China. This could be due to the
fact that there are numerous universities and academic institutions along with a
number of small-scale organizations that have 5 or less patents/patent
applications filed in China. China as a nation is putting its resources to lead the
intellectual property creation activity in the world in wireless transmission of
electricity. Assignees with more patent application filings in China as compared
to that in USA are, Haier Group, Huawei, ZTE and Tianjin Polytechnic University
with 76, 43, and the other two with 41 patents/patent applications each in
China and with 2, 6, 5 and zero patents/patent applications in USA respectively.
Overall the maximum numbers of patent filings in China are filed by Qualcomm,
Samsung, Haier and LG with 129, 82, 76 and 62 patent applications respectively.
Whereas the maximum numbers of patent filings in USA are filed by Qualcomm,
Samsung and LG with 376, 237 and 120 patent applications respectively.
Figure 10: Geographical Coverage Heat Map
Ossia raises
$10M from
KDDI and
Others to Help
Bring Wireless
Power to Japan
Page | 17 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Products
Samsung showcased an IoT based wireless charging solution at CES 2015. The
device is a table for cafes and stores with a display, wireless charging facility
and wireless communication technology8. Samsung has also released a wireless
charging pad. The pad charges devices that have a compatible wireless
charging cover and other Qi compatible devices9. Samsung is top filer of
patents in the wireless power transmission domain and has actively
participated in the standards (Qi, PMA, Rezence).
Qualcomm has also actively filed in the wireless power transmission domain
and occupies the second spot after Samsung. Qualcomm has announced that
Qualcomm Snapdragon 810 processor will support wireless charging, extending
the wireless charging technology to chipset level. Qualcomm Halo is another
leap of faith that Qualcomm has taken in the direction of wireless charging. The
Qualcomm halo project is a venture of Qualcomm and the University of
Auckland to create a wireless ecosystem for wireless charging of electric
vehicles.
LG, Toyota and Panasonic are the other top assignees in the wireless power
transmission domain. LG has introduced several phones (such as LG Optimus
F5, LG Optimus G Pro, LG LTE2 and LG Spectrum 2) that are compatible with
wireless charging systems. They also have released wireless charging pads,
WCP-700 and WCP-300 for charging Qi enabled products. Toyota plans to
introduce WiTricity wireless charging systems in its car models Prius and
Avalon. Panasonic is coming up with wireless power control IC’s that are
intended to support all electronic devices (such as DSC, DVC, portable audio,
cellphone, smartphone, etc.) that comply with Qi standard. Panasonic has
introduced transmission control IC (NN32251A) for wireless chargers and
receiver control IC for (AN32258A) the electronic devices compatible with
wireless charging. “The combination of NN32251A and AN32258A allows the
extension of high-power transmission of up to 10 W from the WPC 1.1 (Qi
standard)-compliant 5 W output.”10
8 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Unveils Smart Wireless Charging Solution| Samsung Electro-Mechanics, 06 January 2015. 9 Wireless Charging Pad Mini | Samsung 10 Wireless Charging System ICs | Panasonic
Figure 11: Samsung's wireless charging table for Cafes
Figure 12: Panasonic wireless charge pad
Page | 18 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Appendix A: Taxonomy heads definition
Taxonomy Heads Definition
Inductive coupling:
The electro-dynamic induction wireless transmission technique relies on the use of a magnetic field generated by an electric current to induce a current in a second conductor. This effect occurs in the electromagnetic near field, with the secondary coil in close proximity to the primary coil.
Capacitive Coupling:
In capacitive coupling (electrostatic induction), the power is transmitted by electric fields between electrodes such as metal plates. The transmitter and receiver electrodes form a capacitor, with the intervening space as the dielectric. An alternating voltage generated by the transmitter is applied to the transmitting plate, and the oscillating electric field induces an alternating potential on the receiver plate by electrostatic induction, which causes an alternating current to flow in the load circuit.
Magneto-dynamic coupling
In this method, power is transmitted between two rotating armature (containing magnets), one in the transmitter and one in the receiver, which rotate synchronously, coupled together by a magnetic field generated by permanent magnets on the armatures.
Magnetic Resonance Coupling Magnetic Resonant power transmission is a special, but widely used method of inductive power transmission and is limited by the same constraints of magnetic fields emissions and efficiency.
Microwave power transmitter Power transmission via microwaves can be made more directional, allowing longer distance power transmission, with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in the microwave range.
Lasers
In the case of electromagnetic radiation closer to the visible region of the spectrum (tens of micrometers to tens of nanometers), power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam. This mechanism is generally known as "power beaming" because the power is beamed at a receiver that can convert it to electrical energy.
Distance Range Distance range refers to that performance parameter that denotes the range, that is, the distance up to which transmission of power can be achieved effectively.
Directivity It mostly refers to directional power transmission that is employed in far field power transmission. It is a parameter of performance for wireless power transmitters.
Frequency
This parameter mostly refers to power transmission technique that involves resonance and electromagnetic radiation. For example in the case of microwave power transmitter frequency becomes the primary decisive factor that determines the power transmission range.
Efficiency It is simply the ratio of power received by the receivers to the power transmitted by the transmitter.
Page | 19 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Power Capacity These parameters simply refer to the maximum power that can be effectively transmitted by a wireless power transmitter.
Oscillator An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal. Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power supply to an alternating current signal.
Control Circuit A type of circuit that uses control devices to determine when loads are energized or de-energized by controlling current flow to the transmitters and from the receivers.
Power Amplifier A power amplifier is a device that is usually employed whenever a voltage is to be increased in a wireless power system for transmission in order to achieve the desired power output.
Transmitter A circuit that accepts signals in form of electric current and translates them into a magnetic field or an electric field or a radio wave that can be sent across a medium.
Receiver Circuits that receive transmitted signals from a transmitter and convert it into a usable form of electric power.
Rectifier A rectifier is an electrical device composed of one or more diodes that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). A diode is like a one-way valve that allows an electrical current to flow in only one direction.
Automotive This refers to application of wireless power system in vehicles and vehicular transportation
Healthcare This domain refers to application of wireless power systems in health care systems like a wirelessly powered heart pump and other health monitoring system.
Industrial
This domain refers to the application of wireless power systems in Industrial sector, particularly in manufacturing and production sector. It may also be used in places where switches and traditional electricity is hazardous to use like in the case of coal mines, refineries and oil wells.
Mobile Smartphone and cameras
This domain refers to the charging of mobile smartphones and cameras wirelessly.
Page | 20 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Defense This refers to wireless power transmission in defense establishment and devices, for example wirelessly powered drones that can be used for surveillance.
Home Appliance Wireless powering of domestic appliances like, fans, bulbs, air conditioner is what this domain is all about. Although it is pretty far-fetched, developments are going on pretty rapidly.
Laptops and Computers Powering laptops and computers wirelessly via transmitters and receivers is what this domain deals with.
Table 1: Taxonomy Definitions
Page | 21 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Appendix B: Year-wise filing in sub-domain
Table 2 below shows the overall year-wise filing trend in the sub-domains of Wireless Power Transmission
Technology
Subdomain/ Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Mobile Smartphones and cameras
81 127 128 207 239 323 610 940 1695 2539 607 7496
Inductive technique 28 47 71 126 181 359 633 993 1612 2324 505 6879
Laptops and computers
84 129 130 197 240 354 583 869 1366 1972 519 6443
Receiver 38 94 76 138 195 357 604 837 1413 1889 400 6041
Frequency 33 71 77 114 183 327 570 749 1227 1633 348 5332
Industrial 47 89 88 140 136 249 449 749 1068 1565 392 4972
Automotive 46 76 59 108 141 234 409 637 1060 1553 386 4709
Control Circuit 54 79 59 141 163 206 452 628 973 1357 298 4410
Capacitive coupling 23 50 62 79 158 298 446 649 965 1370 295 4395
Transmitter 25 63 63 105 154 270 435 576 903 1137 261 3992
Distance Range 26 52 55 67 139 223 387 518 846 1153 263 3729
Magnetic resonance coupling
6 5 4 18 38 115 262 425 755 1129 209 2966
Microwave power transmitter
11 37 34 60 113 205 332 396 523 661 138 2510
Healthcare 16 28 48 69 106 179 255 294 517 769 214 2495
Power Capacity 22 16 23 50 65 113 203 309 563 692 121 2177
Laser 18 27 42 47 96 204 282 282 421 600 152 2171
Efficiency 6 14 18 28 30 67 201 348 544 641 143 2040
Home Appliances 10 19 19 53 77 158 236 258 381 528 140 1879
Rectifier 9 18 32 44 55 84 183 264 403 491 117 1700
Power Amplifier 15 13 28 32 33 52 114 155 243 255 48 988
Directivity 8 11 15 24 25 84 159 147 149 174 40 836
Oscillator 2 4 4 13 12 19 62 94 151 162 25 548
Defense 4 15 10 27 15 44 62 103 140 68 15 503
Magneto-dynamic coupling
1 2 2 7 5 19 16 10 25 37 14 138
Table 2: Year wise filing in Sub-domain: Overall
Page | 22 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Table 3 below shows the year-wise filing trend in the sub-domains of Wireless Power Transmission by
Qualcomm.
Technology
Subdomain/ Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Laptops and computers
4 3 6 23 51 129 129 175 265 65 852
Industrial 3 4 3 15 31 120 125 161 245 60 768
Inductive technique 1
2 15 49 115 126 156 237 60 761
Laser
2 9 20 111 119 147 234 60 702
Microwave power transmitter
3 12 23 117 120 122 155 36 588
Receiver 1
3 14 35 90 83 124 182 49 581
Mobile Smartphones and cameras
3 3 6 13 35 71 72 133 174 45 555
Transmitter 1
1 14 26 72 71 103 141 47 476
Frequency
4 16 51 73 57 106 144 24 475
Directivity
9 30 116 104 96 92 26 473
Magnetic resonance coupling
4 35 49 51 82 149 45 415
Capacitive coupling
1 16 44 61 54 78 107 34 395
Control Circuit 2 3 4 9 12 40 46 73 117 25 333
Automotive 1
3 8 31 32 37 55 97 24 289
Home Appliances
3 5 34 39 65 33 48 14 241
Healthcare
5 21 28 50 86 26 216
Power Capacity
7 25 32 34 41 47 15 202
Distance Range
1 8 24 27 23 28 75 14 200
Power Amplifier
9 9 41 25 35 41 3 164
Rectifier
7 14 26 20 45 42 8 162
Efficiency
1
10 14 11 17 24 10 87
Oscillator
2 7 7 15 4 35
Defense
5 6 11 8 3
33
Magneto-dynamic coupling
1
1 3 2 7
Table 3: Year wise filing in Sub-domain: Qualcomm
Page | 23 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Appendix C: Year wise filing of Top 15 Assignees
Table 4 below shows the year-wise filing trend of top 15 Assignees in the domain of Wireless Power
Transmission
Assignee\ Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Samsung 1 4 4 1 1 8 123 210 288 397 91 1128
Qualcomm
4 4 6 29 109 158 151 191 289 71 1012
LG 4 5 8 13 11 24 23 100 236 236 56 716
Toyota 1
1 5 26 59 57 92 89 20 350
Hanrim Postech 3 5 2 16 10 16 15 31 62 77 7 244
Panasonic
4 2 2 1 8 22 54 56 66 11 226
Sony 3 1 2 4 7 5 33 43 41 70 7 216
Access Business Group International
1
4 24 37 37 33 43 7 186
Toshiba 1 2 2
4
6 29 45 70 13 172
TDK Corp
28 30 21 61 12 152
Philips 4 4 12 7 17 12 11 15 20 29 5 136
Milux Holding
32 60 24 6 3 3 4 132
Fujitsu 2
1 2 6 11 28 23 43 9 125
Haier Group Corporation
18 24 14 56 4 116
Mitsubishi 6 6 4 6 4 7 14 11 22 26 3 109
Table 4: Year-wise filing of Top Assignees
Page | 24 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis
Authors
Mayank Laroia
Mayank is a Senior Technology Analyst at LexInnova. He completed his bachelors in Chemical
Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. He specializes in portfolio analysis,
competitive benchmarking, and white space analysis. Apart from this he is proficient in
invalidity/validity searches, patentability searches, freedom-to-operate searches and technology
due-diligence. He has managed 100+ IP projects related to Electronics, Chemical Engineering,
Control Systems, Life Sciences and Chemical Manufacturing domains.
Aditya Bansal
Aditya is a Senior Technology Analyst at LexInnova. He completed his bachelors in Electronics &
Communication Engineering from Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi. He is proficient in
invalidity/validity searches, landscape, whitespace, portfolio analysis and technology due-diligence.
He has managed 100+ IP projects related to Electronics, Electrical, Control Systems, Computer
engineering, Mechanical, Networking, and Chemical Manufacturing domains.
Alok Nath Yadav
Alok is a Technology Analyst at LexInnova. He completed his bachelors in Mechanical Engineering
from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He specializes in indirect arc welding, design and
vibration analysis of the passenger seat in automobiles. His area of expertise includes IPR,
contentions, infringement, invalidity search and FTO. He has also worked on patent portfolio
analyses for various firms.
Soureesh Ghosh
Soureesh is a Technology Analyst at LexInnova. He completed his Bachelors in Chemical
Engineering from BITS Pilani. He specializes in Electronics, Chemical Engineering, Control Systems,
Environment Safety, Petroleum Engineering, Life Sciences and Chemical Manufacturing domains.
His area of expertise includes IPR, Contentions, Infringement, Invalidity search and FTO. He has also
worked on Patent Portfolio Analysis for various firms.
Rana J Pratap
Rana is LexInnova’s Principal Consultant - Technology and works with the Intellectual Property
group to deliver on complex technology projects. A Silicon Valley veteran of 15 years, Rana uses his
technical acumen and knowledge to connect with client needs at deeper level and achieve better
outcomes. He is a proven technologist in the area of semiconductors and has a deep technical
expertise in the field of microprocessors, digital and analog/RF IC design and hardware reference
platforms. He has authored more than 10 technical papers in scientific conferences and journals.
Page | 25 Wireless Power Transmission: Patent Landscape Analysis