Wireless Sensor Network Final 4676

BloodPressureMeasurementusingWirelessSensorNetwork

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Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy



Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy

Mc LcGii thiu chung .............................................................................................................. 4

Chng 1: Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy ...................................................... 5

1.1. Gii thiu ........................................................................................................... 5

1.1.1. Cng ngh Sensor NetWork .................................................................... 5

1.1.2. ng dng ca mng cm bin ................................................................. 8

1.2. Tng quan v k thut WSNs ............................................................................ 8

1.2.1. Cc thnh phn c bn cu trc mng cm bin ..................................... 9

1.2.2. Cc thch thc v tr ngi ..................................................................... 13

Chng 2: ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy ................................................... 13

2.1. Cc m hnh phn b ....................................................................................... 13

2.2. Cc ng dng ca mng WSNs ....................................................................... 14

Chng 3: K thut truyn dn khng dy ................................................................... 16

3.1. Qu trnh truyn sng ....................................................................................... 16

3.2. iu ch tn hiu .............................................................................................. 17

Chng 4: ng dng WSN o huyt p ....................................................................... 20

4.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................... 20

4.2. o huyt p s dng Wireless Sensor Network .............................................. 20

4.2.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................... 21

4.2.2. Miu t h thng .................................................................................... 21

4.2.3. K qu s b .......................................................................................... 29

4.2.4. Hng pht trin tng lai ..................................................................... 30

4.2.5. Kt lun .................................................................................................. 30



Gii thiu chung S pht trin ca internet, truyn thng v cng ngh thng tin kt hp vi

nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut hin nay to iu kin cho cc th h cm bin

mi, vi gi thnh thp, kh nng trin khai quy m ln vi chnh xc cao. Cng

ngh iu kin v cm bin gm: Cm bin dy, cm bin trng in t, cm bin tn

s v tuyn, cm bin quang in v hng ngoi, laser rada v cm bin nh v dn

ng.

Cc tin b trong lnh vc thit k cm bin, vt liu cho php lm gim kch

thc, trng lng v chi ph sn xut cm bin ng thi tng kh nng hot ng v

chnh xc. Trong tng lai gn, mng cm bin khng dy s c th tch hp hng

triu cm bin vo h thng ci thin cht lng v thi gian sng.

Cng ngh iu khin v cm bin c tim nng ln, khng ch trong khoa hc

v nghin cu, m quan trng hn chng c s dng rng ri trong cc ng dng

lin quan n bo v cc cng trnh trng yu, chm sc sc khe, bo v mi trng,

nng lng, an ton thc phm, sn xut, nng cao cht lng cuc sng v kinh t

Vi mc tiu gim gi thnh v tng hiu qu trong cng nghip v thng mi, mng

cm bin khng dy s mang n s tin nghi v cc ng dng thit thc, nng cao

cht lng cuc sng cho con ngi.

Trong ni dung ti liu ny, trnh by v cc k thut xy dng mng cm bin

khng dy, cc cch thc thit k t n gin n phc tp. Bn cnh l cc ng

dng ph bin, c nhiu tim nng, ng dng trong thc t. Mt ci nhn tng qut ca

mng cm bin khng dy.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy Dng

Trng Lng. S gi m v gp ca thy h tr rt nhiu chng em c th

hon thnh ti ny.



Chng 1: Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy

1.1. Gii thiu Mng cm bin(Sensor network) l mt cu trc, l s kt hp cc kh nng

cm bin, x l thng tin v cc thnh phn lin lc to kh nng quan st, phn

tch v phn ng li vi cc s kin v hin tng xy ra trong mi trng c th no

. Mi trng c th l th gii vt l, h thng sinh hc.

Cc ng dng c bn ca mng cm bin ch yu gm thu thp d liu, quan

st, theo di v cc ng dng trong y hc. Tuy nhin ng dng ca mng cm bin ty

theo yu cu s dng cn i hi rt a dng v khng b gii hn.

Cc thnh phn c bn cu to nn mt mng cm bin:

Cc cm bin c phn b theo m hnh tp trung hay phn b di. Mng li lin kt gia cc cm bin (c dy v khng dy). im trung tm, tp hp d liu (Clus Tering). B phn x l d liu trung tam.

Mt node cm bin c nh ngha l s kt hp cm bin v b phn x l,

hay cn gi l mote. Mng cm bin khng dy( WSN ) l mng cm bin trong

cc kt ni gia cc node v cm bin bng sng v tuyn.

1.1.1. Cng ngh Sensor NetWork

Trong mng Sensor Network, cm bin c xem l thnh phn quan trng

nht phc v cho cc ng dng. Cng ngh cm bin v iu khin bao gm cc cm

bin trng in t, cm bin tn s v tuyn, quang, hng ngoi, lasers, radar, cc

cm bin nh v, dn ng, o c cc thng s mi trng, cc cm bin phc v

trong lnh vc an ninh, sinh ha Ngy nay, cc cm bin c s dng vi s lng

ln.

Mng WSNs c c im ring, cng sut b gii hn, thi gian cung cp nng

lng ca ngun(ch yu l pin) c thi gian ngn, chu k nhim v ngn, quan h a

im im, s lng ln cc node cm bin. Cm bin c th ch gm mt hoc dy



cm bin. kch thc rt a dng, t nano(1 100 nm), meso(100 10000 nm),

micro(10 1000um), macro(vi mm - m)

Do c tnh ca mng WSNs l di ng v trc y ch yu phc v cho ng

dng qun s nn i hi tnh bo mt cao. Ngy nay, cc ng dng WSNs m rng

cho cc ng dng thng mi, vic tiu chun ha s to nn tnh thng mi cao cho

mng WSNs.

Cc nghin cu gn y pht trin thng tin cng sut thp vi cc node x l

gi thnh thp v c kh nng t phn b, sp xp, la chn giao thc cho mng, gii

quyt bi ton quan trng nht ca mng WSNs l kh nng cung cp nng lng cho

cc node b gii hn. Cc m hnh khng dy, c mch tiu th nng lng thp c

u tin pht trin. Hiu qu s dng cng sut ca WSNs v tng qut da trn 3 tiu

ch:

Chu k vn ng ngn. X l d liu ni b ti cc node gim chiu di d liu, thi gian truyn. M hnh mng multihop lm gim chiu di ng truyn, qua lm gim suy

hao tng cng, gim cng sut cho ng truyn.

WSNs c chia lm 2 loi, theo m hnh kt ni v nh tuyn m cc node s dng:

Loi 1 (C1WSNs): S dng giao thc nh tuyn ng. Cc node tm ng i tt nht n ch. Vai tr ca cc node sensor ny vi cc node sensor k tip nh l cc trm

lp (repeater).

Khong cch rt ln (hng trm mt). Kh nng x l d liu cc node chuyn tip. Mng phc tp.

Loi 2 (C2WSNs): M hnh a im im, hay im im, mt kt ni radio n node trung

tm.



S dng giao thc nh tuyn tnh. Mt node khng cung cp thng tin n cc node khc. Mt khong cch vi trm mt. Node chuyn tip khng c kh nng x l d liu cho cc node khc. H thng tng i n gin. Tiu chun tn s ang c p dng cho WSNs l IEEE 802.15.4. Hot ng

ti tn s 2.4GHz trong cng nghip, khoa hc v y hc(ISM), cung cp ng truyn

d liu ln n 250kbps khong cch t 30 n 200feet. Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 c

thit k b xung cho cc cng ngh khng dy nh Bluetooth, Wifi,

Ultrawideband(UWB), mc ch phc v cho cc ng dng thng mi.

Vi s ra i ca ca Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4, cc h thng dn pht trin theo

hng tiu chun, cho php cc cm bin truyn thng tin qua knh c tiu chun

ha.

Nhiu nghin cu trong lnh vc mng mobile ad hoc (MANETs). WSNs tng

t nh MANETs theo mt vi c im. C hai u l chun mng wireless, multihop.

Tuy nhin, cc ng dng v k thut gia hai h thng c khc nhau.

Dng thng tin thng ca WSNs l a ngun d liu truyn n ni nhn, khc hn im im trong MANETs.

Cc node trong WSNs t di ng, trong khi ad hoc cc node l di ng. Trong WSNs, d liu t cc cm bin ch yu l cc hin tng, s kin th

gii thc. MANETs ch yu l d liu.

Ngun gii hn, nng lng trong WSNs c qun l, s dng rt cht ch. Trong MANETs c th khng b rng buc bi ngun cung cp do cc thit b

thng tin c th c thay th ngun cung cp thng xuyn bi ngi dng.

S lng node trong WSNs rt ln, MANETs t hn. Do s khc bit gia 2 m hnh giao thc m cc giao thc nh tuyn trong MANETs khng th p dng hon ton cho WSNs. Tuy nhin WSNs, c th nh mt

phn trong MANETs( ad hoc).

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Wireless Sensor Network Final 4676