Wisconsin HOPE Lab Study (May 10, 2018)...food and housing insecurities amongst college and university students. • Three national studies have been conducted by the Wisconsin HOPE

May 10, 2018

FollowUpReportonFoodandHousingInsecurities–WisconsinHOPELabStudy

Background

2Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab

• Ongoingresearchinhighereducationhasshedlightontheprevalenceoffoodandhousinginsecuritiesamongstcollegeanduniversitystudents.

• ThreenationalstudieshavebeenconductedbytheWisconsinHOPELabtobetterunderstandthesechallenges.

• Findingsfromthesestudiessuggestbasicneedsinsecuritycannegativelyinfluencestudents’abilitytolearn,develop,andsucceedincollege.

• Thestudiesconcludethatinstitutional,state,andnationalpoliciesshouldworktoaddressthebarrierspresentedbypovertyinordertoimproveeducationalsuccess.

SurveyHistory


• ThefirsttwostudiesconductedbytheHOPELabfocusedoncommunitycollegestudents,whiletheirmostrecentstudyexpandedtoincludestudentsfromfour‐yearuniversities

• HungrytoLearn,2015• Surveyed4,000studentsat10communitycolleges

• SDCCDrepresented4ofthe10communitycolleges• Foundthat39%ofrespondentsreportedloworverylowfoodsecurity,52%

werehousinginsecure,and13%experiencedhomelessness

• HungryandHomelessinCollege,2016• Surveyed33,000studentsat70communitycolleges• Foundthat56%ofstudentsexperiencedloworverylowfoodinsecurity,51%

werehousinginsecure,and14%experiencedhomelessness

• StillHungryandHomelessinCollege,2017• Surveyed43,000studentsfrom66institutionsacrossthenation

• 31communitycolleges• SDCCDrepresented4oftheparticipantcolleges

• 35four‐yearuniversities• Foundthat36%ofuniversitystudentsand42%ofcommunitycollege

studentsexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,46%werehousinginsecure;12%ofcommunitycollegestudentsand9%ofuniversitystudentsexperiencedhomelessness

BasicNeedsSecurityMeasures


Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or the ability toacquire such foods in a socially acceptable manner. Themost extreme form is often accompanied with physiological sensations of hunger.

Housing insecurity includes a broader set of challenges such as the inability to pay rent or utilities or the need to move frequently.

Homelessness means that a person is without a place tolive, often residing in a shelter, an automobile, an abandoned building, or outside.

NationwideOutcomes


• Foodinsecurity• 36%ofuniversitystudentswerefoodinsecureinthe30days

precedingthesurvey.• 42%ofcommunitycollegestudentswerefoodinsecure,compared

to56%inthe2016study.

• HousingInsecurity• 36%ofuniversitystudentswerehousinginsecureinthelastyear.• Housinginsecurityaffected46%ofcommunitycollegestudents,

comparedto51%inthe2016study.

• Homelessness• 9%ofuniversitystudentswerehomelessinthelastyear.• 12%ofcommunitycollegestudentswerehomeless,comparedto

14%inthe2016study.

NationwideOutcomes(Continued)


• Thedataindicatethatbasicneedsinsecuritiesdisproportionatelyaffectmarginalizedstudentsandareassociatedwithlongworkhoursandhigherriskofunemployment.

• Thelevelofacademiceffort,inandoutsidetheclassroom,isthesameregardlessofwhetherornotstudentsaredealingwithfoodandhousinginsecurity.

• Itiscriticallyimportanttomatchstudentcommitmentswithadequatesupporttoensurestudentsuccessanddegreecompletion.

SDCCDOverallOutcomes


City College

Mesa College

Miramar College

Continuing Education

2017 Food Insecure

2015 Food Insecure

56%

44%

44%

39%

36%

40%

42%

28%

Housing insecure* 53% 46% 40% 49%

Some form of homelessness* 15% 12% 10% 10%

All three forms of basic needs insecurity

9% 8% 7% 6%

*Note:Duetochangesinsurveyinstruments,onlythefoodinsecuritymeasureissuitableforcomparison

SurveySample


Note: Response rates were too low for findings to be considered representative of the general college populations.

City College

201participants

6.1% response rate

Mesa College

226participants

6.8% response rate

Miramar College

190participants

5.8% response rate

Continuing Education

103participants

3.1% response rate

• Invitationstocompletethequestionnaireweresentbyemailto3,300studentsfromeachofthecollegesandContinuingEducation

ParticipantProfile

9Sources: Wisconsin HOPE Lab and SDCCD Information System

44%56%

33%

66%

26%

71%

Male Female

Gender

SDCCD Population SDCCD Survey All CC Survey

7%

37%

16%

31%

5%5%

28%

16%

27% 24%

11% 14%

5%

54%

15%

Black Hispanic Asian White Mixed/Other

Ethnicity


20% 23%13%

40%

27% 23%14%

36%35%25%

14%

26%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

Age


ParticipantProfile(Continued)

10Sources: Wisconsin HOPE Lab and SDCCD Information System

50% 50%37%

63%

45%55%

Yes No

PellGrantRecipient


7%

93%

10%

90%

5%

95%

Yes No

MilitaryStatus


2%

98%

3%

97%

4%

96%

Yes No

FosterCareStatus


FoodInsecurity11

FoodInsecurityOverall


Studentswereclassifiedashavinglowfoodsecurityiftheyansweredaffirmativelyto3‐4oftheitemsbelow,andclassifiedashavingverylowfoodsecurity iftheyansweredaffirmativelyto6‐10oftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.

Food Insecurity Inventory (In the Past 30 Days)

IworriedwhethermyfoodwouldrunoutbeforeIgotmoneytobuymore.

Icouldn'taffordtoeatbalancedmeals.

ThefoodthatIboughtjustdidn'tlastandIdidn'thavemoneytogetmore.

Didyouevercutthesizeofyourmealsorskipmealsbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?

Didyouevereatlessthanyoufeltyoushouldbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?

Wereyoueverhungrybutdidn'teatbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?

Didyouevercutthesizeofyourmealsorskipmealsbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?(For3 ormoredays)

Didyouloseweightbecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?

Didyouevernoteatforawholedaybecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?

Didyouevernoteatforawholedaybecausetherewasn'tenoughmoneyforfood?(For3 ormoredays)

FoodInsecurityOverall


SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity:

36%

20%

CityCollege

Very Low Low

29%

15%

MesaCollege

Very Low Low

22%

14%

MiramarCollege

Very Low Low

29%

13%

ContinuingEducation

Very Low Low

FoodInsecuritybyGender


SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,bygender:

35%

48%

Male Female

MesaCollege

41% 42%

Male Female

ContinuingEducation

36% 37%

Male Female

MiramarCollege

57% 55%

Male Female

CityCollege

FoodInsecuritybyEthnicity


SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,byethnicity:

62%

59%

54%

34%

65%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

CityCollege

57%

43%

37%

37%

54%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MesaCollege

14%

45%

42%

29%

36%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MiramarCollege

45%

46%

43%

43%

32%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

ContinuingEducation

*Note:Groupswith5orlessstudentshavebeensuppressedfromcharts

FoodInsecuritybyAge


SDCCDsurveyparticipantsthatexperiencedloworverylowfoodsecurity,byage:

55% 59%67%

52%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

CityCollege

32%

58%

47% 44%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MesaCollege

28%

39% 39% 38%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MiramarCollege53%

50%

38%

21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

ContinuingEducation

FoodInsecurityCollegeComparison


56%

44%

36%42%

43%

City College Mesa College Miramar College Continuing Education

FoodInsecurity

Other 2‐YearInstitutions

HousingInsecurity18

HousingInsecurityOverall


Studentswereclassifiedashousinginsecureiftheyansweredaffirmativelytoatleastoneoftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.

Housing Insecurity Inventory (In the Past 30 days/Past 12 months)

Hadarentormortgageincreasethatmadeitdifficulttopay

Movedinwithotherpeopleduetofinancialproblems

Didnotpayfullamountofutilities

Livedwithothersbeyondtheexpectedcapacityofthehousing

Didnotpayfullamountofrentormortgage

Movedtwoormoretimes

HousingInsecurityOverall


PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants:

53%

44%

CityCollege

Past Year Past Month

46%

37%

MesaCollege


40%

32%

MiramarCollege


49%44%

ContinuingEducation


HousingInsecuritybyGender


PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,bygender:

39%

50%

Male Female

MesaCollege

45%49%

Male Female

ContinuingEducation

49%56%

Male Female

CityCollege

41% 40%

Male Female

MiramarCollege

HousingInsecuritybyEthnicity


64%

50%

38%

53%

65%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

CityCollege

57%

46%

30%

46%

52%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MesaCollege

57%

46%

45%

33%

31%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MiramarCollege

36%

58%

53%

50%

40%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

ContinuingEducation


PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byethnicity:

HousingInsecuritybyAge


38%

54%64% 61%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

CityCollege

28%

45%

56%63%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MesaCollege

28%35%

57% 53%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MiramarCollege67%

50%44%

21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

ContinuingEducation

PrevalenceofhousinginsecurityamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byage:

HousingInsecurityCollegeComparison


53%

46%40%

49%46%


HousingInsecurity


Homelessness25

HomelessnessOverall


Studentswereclassifiedashomeless iftheyansweredaffirmativelytoatleastoneoftheitemsbelowwithinthetimeperiodspecified.

Homeless Inventory(In the Past 30 Days/Past 12 Months)

Notknowingwhereyouweregoingtosleep,evenforonenight

Stayedinanabandonedbuilding,car,otherplacenotmeantforhousing

Thrownoutofhome

Stayedinashelter

Evictedfromhome

HomelessnessOverall


PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants:

15%

8%

CityCollege


13%

7%

MesaCollege


11%

6%

MiramarCollege


10%

6%

ContinuingEducation


HomelessnessbyGender


8%

15%

Male Female

MesaCollege

13%10%

Male Female

ContinuingEducation

13%16%

Male Female

CityCollege

13%

9%

Male Female

MiramarCollege

PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,bygender:

HomelessnessbyEthnicity


14%

19%

8%

6%

17%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

CityCollege

14%

7%

7%

10%

23%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MesaCollege

14%

17%

11%

5%

13%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

MiramarCollege


27%

12%

0%

8%

8%

Black

Hispanic

Asian

White

Mixed/Other

ContinuingEducation

PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byethnicity:

HomelessnessbyAge


15% 15%12%

18%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

CityCollege

5%

21%19%

13%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MesaCollege

10%8% 9%

13%

18 to 20 21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

MiramarCollege27%

20%

7%

21 to 25 25 to 30 Over 30

ContinuingEducation

PrevalenceofhomelessnessamongstSDCCDsurveyparticipants,byage:

HomelessnessCollegeComparison


15%

13%11% 10%

12%


Homelessness


StudentHardships

32

StudentHardships


SDCCDstudentsexperiencedhardshipsinthepastyearthatimpactedtheirbasicsecurity:

46%

24%

9%

5%

1%

Borrowed from friends/family to pay bills

Account in default or collections

Left household because unsafe

Thrown out of home by someone in household

Summoned to appear in housing court

CityCollege

38%

15%

9%

7%

3%






MesaCollege

33%

11%

5%

3%

2%






MiramarCollege

33%

13%

5%

4%

0%






ContinuingEducation

StudentHardships


54%

47%

43%

38%

City Mesa Miramar Continuing Education

ReceivedPublicAssistanceintheLastYear

CampusSupportServicesforStudentFoodandHousingNeeds

35

StudentSupport

36

• ThecollegesandContinuingEducationmaintainalistoflocalresourcestoprovideinformationtostudentsinneedofshelterorameal.

• Emergencyfoodresourceshavebeenestablishedateachofthecollegestosupportstudents’abilitytoconcentrateandsuccessfullycompletetheirclasses:

CityCollege

• CreatedaFoodPantrythatsupportsenrolledstudentsinneedbyprovidingfree,pre‐packageditemssuitableforanon‐campuslunchormeal.

• TheFoodPantryisoperatedbystudentinternsandsupportedthroughdonationsfromthestaffandfacultyofCityCollege,communitypartners,privateindividuals,neighbors,andfriends.

StudentSupport(Continued)

37

MesaCollege

• EstablishedTheStand,whichprovidesfreefoodandproducetostudents.

• PartneringwithFeedingSanDiegotofacilitateamonthlyfarmersmarkettoprovidefruitsandvegetablestotheMesaCollegecommunity.

• DevelopinganMOUwithSanDiegoFoodBankinordertoexpandthefarmersmarketresourcesandprovidenonperishablemealitems.

• PartneringwithCalFresh toprovideresourcesandsupporttoourstudentstoapplyforCalFresh resources.

StudentSupport(Continued)

38

MiramarCollege

• EstablishedaFoodPantrytoprovidestudentswithnonperishablefooditems,toiletries,andgentlyusedclothing.

• Hostedmealsoncampusperiodicallyprovidingstudentswithahotmeal.

• ContinuingEducation

• SanDiegoHHSAOutstations:CalWORKs/CalFresh Eligibility.• FormedpartnershipswithProjectNewVillage,FeedingSan

Diego,andSanDiegoRescueMission.• SupportSDCEats FoodPantryandFarmer’sMarket

• ASBAnnualFoodDrive

Documents

Wisconsin HOPE Lab Study (May 10, 2018)...food and housing insecurities amongst college and university students. • Three national studies have been conducted by the Wisconsin HOPE