With Mr. Luzadder 5th Grade Plain Elementary Simpsonville, South Carolina

With

Mr. Luzadder

5th Grade

Plain Elementary

Simpsonville, South Carolina

BECOMING A WORLD POWER

• The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States’ becoming a world power.Standard 5-3

Indicators

• Summarize actions by the United States that contributed to the rise of this nation as a world power, including the annexation of new territory following the Spanish-American War and the role played by the United States in the building of the Panama Canal and in World War I. (P, G, H) 5-3.6

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Becoming a World Power

The Spanish American War

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Essential Questions

What caused the Spanish-American War?


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Spanish American War

• By the 1890s Spain’s only presence in the Western Hemisphere was on the islands of Puerto Rico and Cuba.

• Many Americans became sympathetic to the cause of the Cubans when they learned that the Spanish were holding numerous Cubans captive on military posts and that they were dying of disease, starvation, and exposure.


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• On February 15, 1898, the American battleship USS Maine, which had been sent to Havana, Cuba, to protect Americans, mysteriously exploded and sunk killing 260 sailors.

• Two New York City newspapers reported that Spain was responsible for the sinking of the battleship. There was never any proof of this, but “Remember the Maine” became the country’s battle cry.

• Printing stories that are exaggerated or not well researched but that grab people’s attention so that they that will buy a newspaper is known as yellow journalism.


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• In April of 1898, Congress declared war on Spain.• Admiral George Dewey was sent to the Philippines, a Spanish

colony, and quickly destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet.• Spain’s ships located in Cuba were destroyed in July when they

tried to run an American blockade.

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Essential Questions

Who were the Rough Riders and the Buffalo Soldiers?


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• Theodore Roosevelt resigned his position as the Secretary of the Navy and assembled a group of volunteers to fight the Spanish in Cuba. These volunteers, which included former Civil War soldiers and cowboys, were known as the Rough Riders.


Theodore Roosevelt and some Rough Riders

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• African American cavalries known as the “Buffalo Soldiers” joined the Rough Riders. The “Buffalo Soldiers” had been responsible for protecting settlers during the Plains Wars.


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• On July 1, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders and the “Buffalo Soldiers” against the Spanish in the Battle of San Juan Hill.

• On July 17, the leader of the Spanish military commander surrendered and the Spanish-American War was essentially over.

• When the treaty that ended the war was signed, Cuba gained its independence and the United States gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.



Puerto Rico

Miami

1019 miles

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The Panama Canal

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Essential Questions

Why was the Panama Canal needed and what problems did those who constructed it face?


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Panama Canal

• From 1881-1887 a French company had attempted to build a canal through Panama. They were unsuccessful due to the thick rain forests, the countries wetlands, and diseases such as

malaria and yellow fever.• The Spanish-American War had shown the need for a shorter

water passage between the east coast and the west coast of the United States.

• After helping Panama gain its independence from Colombia in 1903, the United States purchased a 10 mile wide strip of land through which the Panama Canal was built.


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Panama Canal

• Over 40,000 men worked on the Panama Canal over a period of seven years. 5,609 died either from disease or accidents.

• A ship sailing from New York to San Francisco would travel 14,000 miles if it traveled around the southern tip of South America. If the ship traveled through the Panama Canal rather than around Cape Horn the journey would be 6,000 miles long.

• By the end of the 1800s, the United States had become wealthy and powerful.



The Panama Canal


The Panama Canal


The Panama Canal


Satellite view of the Panama Canal

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Essential Questions

What lead to Theodore Roosevelt becoming President?


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Theodore Roosevelt

• Following McKinley’s assassination, Theodore Roosevelt became President at the age of 42. He is the youngest person to ever hold the office of President of the United States.



Theodore Roosevelt

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Theodore Roosevelt

Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs even though checkered by failure, than to rank with those timid spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much because they live in the gray twilight that knows neither victory nor defeat.”

--Theodore Roosevelt



"Drawing the Line in Mississippi”

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Essential Questions

What are time zones and why are they needed?

SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST

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Time Zones

• A time zone is a region in which one standard of time is used. There are 24 time zones around the world.

• On October 11, 1883, the General Time Convention adopted the current standard time system used in the United States. The convention was called by the nation’s railroads. They needed a more uniform means of governing railroads.

• Prior to the convention, the time was determined by the position of the sun in the sky.

• The new system started being used on November 18, 1883. That Sunday became known as the “Day of Two Noons.”


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Time Zones

• Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is calculated by + or – hours from the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) which runs through England. UTC is sometimes referred to as “Zulu time.”

• The Eastern Time Zone is UTC -4 hours which means that our time is four hours earlier than the time in England.

• Click here to view The Official U.S. Time web site.


http://www.time.gov/

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U.S. Time Zones

Atlantic Time Zone (Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands) (-4 hours)

Eastern Time Zone (South Carolina) (-4 hours)

Central Time Zone (-5 hours)

Mountain Time Zone (-6 hours)

Pacific Time Zone (-7 hours)

Alaska Time Zone (-8 hours)

Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone (-10 hours)

Samoa Time Zone (-11 hours)

Chamorro time zone (Guam) (+10 hours)


30SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST

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Daylight Savings Time

• Daylight savings time is the practice of moving the clock forward so that there is more daylight of an evening.

• In the United States, DST starts on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November.

• Arizona and Hawaii do not observe daylight savings time.• It is thought that DST helps conserve energy as there is less

need for people to use electric lights.


32SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST

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Time Zones

• The International Date Line is found approximately at 180° longitude.

• Traveling east across the International Date Line results in a day, or 24 hours, being subtracted. Traveling west across the International Date Line results in a day, or 24 hours, being added.


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The United States Expands

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Essential Questions

How did Alaska and Hawaii become parts of the United States?


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Alaska

• In 1867 Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United States. Secretary of State William Seward offered Russia $7.2 million, which came to about two cents an acre. Many began to refer to Alaska as “Seward’s folly” and “Seward’s ice box.”


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Alaska

• America soon found out how valuable Alaska really was. In 1880 gold was discovered in an area that became the city of Juneau, Alaska’s state capital.

• In 1968 oil was discovered in the state at Prudhoe Bay. In 1977 an 800 mile long pipeline was constructed to carry the oil to Valdez, Alaska. Today nearly 85 percent of Alaska’s budget is covered by money the state makes from oil.

• Alaska is the top producer of wild salmon in the world, and harvests nearly 6 billion pounds of seafood a year.

• Alaska’s other industries include tourism, timber, mining, and agriculture.


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Hawaii

• Most scholars believed that people discovered the Hawaiian Islands sometime between AD 600 and AD 1000. In 1778 Captain James Cook became the first westerner to land on the islands. Hawaii consists of 137 islands.


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Hawaii

• The first sugar plantation got its start in 1836. In the late 1800s, sugar growers and American businessmen became dissatisfied with Hawaii’s monarchy (government). They finally took matters into their own hands, and led a revolt. Queen Lili`uokalani withdrew from the throne to avoid bloodshed.

• In 1898 Hawaii is annexed as a territory of the United States, and finally becomes a state in 1959.


Documents

With Mr. Luzadder 5th Grade Plain Elementary Simpsonville, South Carolina