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With Professor Kimberly Maring
Structuralism = TitchenerStructuralism—Titchener’s system of
psychology, which dealt with the conscious
experience as dependent on experiencing
persons.
E. B. TitchenerCompare their lifetimes:
Wilhelm Wundt 1832 – 1920
E. B. Titchener 1867 – 1927
•Titchener studied Wundt and came back to
be the shining star of Cornell University
E. B. TitchenerCompare their lifetimes:
Wilhelm Wundt 1832 – 1920
E. B. Titchener 1867 – 1927
•Titchener studied Wundt and came back to
be the shining star of Cornell University
•Studied conscious experience through
experimentation followed by self-report in
contrast to Wundt’s outside evaluation and
timing.
E. B. TitchenerEthics – is the swallow-the-rubber-
tube experiment which Titchener
“urged” his students to do ethical?
Why would it be ethical?
Why would it not be ethical?
The End Does not Justify the MeansWhat does this mean?
Does the end ever justify the means?
Is this ever ethical?
E. B. Titchener/Structuralismconscious experience
introspection the elements of consciousness.
Conscious Experience
“. . . The subject matter of psychology is conscious
experience as that experience is dependent on the
person who is actually experiencing it” (Schultz &
Schultz, 2011, p. 110).
How does this differ from what scientists in other fields of study do?
IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-Observation
IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-ObservationDescribe the elements of your conscious experience.
IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-Observation
Describe the elements of your conscious experience.
Type anything which comes to your conscious experience when I say . . .
AppleApple
Type anything which comes to your conscious experience when I say . . .
Elements of ConsciousnessDivided and evaluatedUsed today –
Bachelor of Science in psychology; Masters in Engineering;
the mind/machine interface
Women and Titchener Not allowed to conduct experiments
First doctorates for women
Views changed throughout Titchener’s lifetime.
The Theory of Evolution
How does this Theory of
Evolution relate to
psychology?
The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to
God
The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to
GodIntellectuals proposed that Man was the
center and the work was done in “homage” to the mind of man
The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to GodIntellectuals proposed that Man was the center and
the work was done in “homage” to the mind of manDarwin used detailed observation to explore
questions - helped bolster the theory that was already out there and connected this theory to science
Charles Darwin, 1809-1882
The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning
between humans and lower animals
The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning
between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was
vital to understanding human behavior
The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning
between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was
vital to understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how the organism
functioned in adapting
The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning
between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was
vital to understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how the organism
functioned in adaptingMethods and techniques were broadened in
scope
The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning
between humans and lower animalsImplied that study animal behavior vital to
understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how organism
functioned in adaptingMethods and techniques were broadened in
scope Increased focus on individual differences and
their measurement
The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of
Functionalism“vestigial organs”
The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?Zeitgeist
The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humans
The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of Functionalism
The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of Functionalism
“vestigial organs”
Francis Galton – Eugenics •“Estimated I.Q. of 200” (Schultz & Schultz, 2011, p. 113).•Champion of his own purported greater intelligence, along with cousin Charles Darwin•Proponent of eugenics which influenced intellectuals of this era
“Galton’s goal was to encourage the birth of the more eminent or fit individuals in a society and to discourage the birth of the unfit” (Schultz & Schultz, p. 115).
1822-1911
Your Unit 4 ProjectAPADouble spaced, size 12 font either Arial or
Times New RomanPrint out rubric and use it for your writing
outlineDON’T use contractions!!! Do not! :)Proper in-text citation
(Schultz & Schultz, 2008).Direct quotation (Schultz & Schultz, 2008,
p. #).The # symbol you replace with the number of
the page.
Reference
Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E.
(2011). A history of modern
psychology (10th ed.). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth; Cengage
Learning.
Questions?See you on the boards!
Hand in those Unit 4 projects by
Tuesday!
Have a great week!