WK11 Agenda

• Project 8 per group: member by Jan 18, 2010

• Pick one comparison: religion, music, art, language and literature

• Homework Learning Curve

• Art work?

• Asian Middle Ages Lecture

Homework

• Table for 1900 to present

• What are the objectives of our homework?

– Do we have learning curve? Better result in a shorter time?

• Prepare for the Middle Ages Exam on Monday January 25, 2010

Art Work

• Artist? When?• Picture name?• Technique?• Where’s the lily? What does it

symbolize?• What’s this voice?

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 AD.), during his study with Verrochio~1472

• The Annunciation• Oil and tempera on panel• The angel holds the lily which

symbolized Mary’s virginity and the city of Florence.

Art Work

• Perceptual speed!

• Name?, technique?

• The Da Vinci Code?

• Virgin on the Rocks (Louvre vs. London)

• Oil on panel, People in the pyramid, Chiaroscuro (แสงเงา)

Art Work

• Name: The Last Supper

• Technique: Tempera on gesso or pitch and mastic

• Location: Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

• Where’s the V shape?

• Da Vinci Code?

• Clip

Art Work

• Who is she?

– Mona Lisa or La Gioconda, Banker’s wife

• Why is she so famous? What’s her secret?

– Her smile

• What’s the technique?

– Sfumato: no sharp contrast, middle gray, smokey technique

– Particular around the eyes

Art Work

• His other works?

• See BBC documentary in YouTube

– Leonardo da Vinci

– The Divine Michael Angelo

Matching Game• Pieta, St. Peter’s Basilica

• David

• Moses

• Sistine Chapel: The Creation of Adam, Igmudi, The Last Judgment(on the altar)

Michael Angelo• Michael Angelo took 4 years to draw this picture on the Sistine Chapel’s

ceiling. What do you see the most in this picture?

• Who are in the triangles, rectangles, and small rectangles?

Ancient World Left Off

• China: 3 kingdoms (221-265 AD.) – Decline of Hun– Neo-Taoism– Spread of Buddhism – Fa- Hsien monk traveled to

India: Record of Buddhist Kingdoms

• India: Gupta Dyansty– Gupta Dynasty fell to the

Huns in 451 AD.

• Japan: Yayoi (300 AD.)– Rice planting and metal tools

making

China Middle Ages

Sui Dynasty: 581-618 AD.• Yang Chiang (1st emperor):

– Reunited China– Set up the dynasty– Use strong centralized state

• Sui Yang Di (2nd emperor):– Copy Asoka by mixing

Buddhism with the idea of mandate from heaven

– Grand Canal for trade and transportation (Hangzhou-Laoyang-Beijing)

– The oldest and longest man made river (1776 km)

– Repairing the great wall

China Middle AgesTang Dynasty: 618-907 AD.• Military Expansion Period:

– Largest empire(Korea to Turkestan)– Capital City @ Chang-an– 6 Ministries(finance, defense, justice, public

work etc.) – Prefecture and province– Agricultural expansion: migration from the

North to the South

• Hanlin Yuan: Royal academy, center for scholars

• Prosperous time of Buddhism:– Relief carvings in Buddhist cave shrines– Hsuan-tsang monk (พระถงัซมัจัง๋) traveled to India

for 16 years: famous for Buddhist translation– Zhen Hur 7 trips to Indonesia, Arabia, and

Africa

• Neo Confucianism: against outside culture, restored Confucianism– Chu Hsi: education will help us be a good

citizen: mercy, not selfish, not biased– Wang Yang Ming: use the knowledge in

practice, for example:• good son principle : be grateful to the parents• Practice: take care of the parents to be a

grateful son

• Wood Block Printing, Ship, Gunpowder, Fireworks, Cannon, Ceramics, Abacus

China Middle Ages• Sung Dynasty: 960-1279

AD.– China reunited, capital city

@ Kaifeng

– Peak of international trade: still use coinage system, cargo ship

– A golden age of calligraphy and ink painting(mountain landscape, romantic landscape, and Buddhist simplicity)

– Greatest female poet: Li Ching Chao, composer of tzu

China Middle AgesTz'u No. 1 by Li Ching ChaoTo the tune "Courtyard Filled with Fragrance"

Fragrant grass beside the pondgreen shade over the halla clear cold comes throughthe window curtainscrescent moon beyond the golden barsand a flute soundsas if someone were comingbut alone on my mat with a cupgazing sadly into nothingnessI want to call backthe blackberry flowersthat have fallenthough pear blossoms remainfor in that distant yearI came to love their fresh fragrancescenting my sleeveas we culled petals over the firewhen as far as the eye could seewere dragon boats on the rivergraceful horses and gay cartswhen I did not fear the mad windsand violent rainas we drank to good fortunewith warm blackberry winenow I cannot conceivehow to retrieve that time.

China Middle Ages• Yuan Dynasty: 1260-1368 AD.

– First foreign dynasty, Mongol– Kublai Khan– Capital City at Beijing– Peace established, trade expanded, tax

exempt for Central Asian Muslim Merchant Association, link renewed with the West

– Tried to invade Japan twice but the war ships wrecked from kamikaze storm

– Tibetan style white pagoda in Beijing’s royal gardens

– 1331 AD Bubonic plague in China

• Ming Dynasty:1368 AD.– Chu Yuan Chang, rebellion leader

against Mongols, became the first Ming Dynasty Emperor.

– Peak of blue and white porcelain– Emperor Yung lo encyclopedia (1403

AD), Forbidden City

India Middle Ages• The Muslim invaders• The conquests of the Turks and Afghans

(North, Hindustan, Deccan)• Factors aiding the conquerors

– Caste system: Kshatriyas’ duties, lower classes had no incentive to fight

– Muslim were fresh and energetic people, excited by the prosperity, “Slave Kings”

– Muslim fight on the horse, Hindu on the elephant (not flexible)

• Will Islam and Hindu have a problem? What did the Aryan do to the Dravidian?– Islam is monotheistic– Some Hindus converted to Islam because

they didn’t want to pay tax (unbelievers have to pay jeziya tax)

– Lower caste of Hindu like the equality in Islam

– Intermarriage

• Why did they have to mix the culture?– Muslims had only military people. They

needed help from other occupation.– After WWII they had to separate into: India

and Pakistan

• Kutb Minar near Delhi: Pillar of Victory

• 238 feet high, erected by Kutb-ud-din, the founder of a Muslim sultanate at Delhi

India Middle Ages

• Chola Dynasty in Southern India: 886-1267 AD

• Feudal society• Bhakti movement: fight against

Islam• Sikh

– Reconcile for Hindu and Muslim: only one god for all mankind

– Prophet: Guru Nanak– 5 symbols: uncut hair, wooden

comb, undergarment to wear, iron bracelet, strapped dagger

– Immortal Pond (same as Mecca in Islam)

• Middle ages ended in 1398 AD. Hun invasion (Tamerlane)

India Middle Ages

• Art

– Bronze sculptures: Shiva Nataraja,

– Hindu RajarajeshvaraTemple, Southern Indian style, built by King Rajaraja I

• University of Nalanda

WK12 Agenda

• Discussion

• Japanese poem: D_ad Poet Society?

• Lecture continue: Japan, Thailand

• Memory Bingo

• Homework: Medieval World exam next week

Discussion• Why China could reunited again after the fall of

the Han dynasty? After the fall of Rome, Europe could never reunited in a single empire again.

– Confucianism: concept of unified empire, Mandate from Heaven What about Constantine?

– China’s greater cultural homogeneity (although many tribes but they have common written language)

– China’s population density (more people=more communication=more trade)

Sounds familiar in business?

– ASEAN, EU, NAFTA, AFTA, APEC etc.

Japanese Poem

• Manyoshu (700-800 AD.)

• Smooth and energetic (Chinese influence)

• All class of people could write

• 31 Syllables in 5 lines

• (5 7 5 7 7)

• Haiku Since 1700 AD.

• 17 syllables in 3 lines

• (5 7 5)

• Famous poet: Matsuo Basho (1644-1694 AD.)

• Zen inspiration

• In group of 4 or 5 start writing your poem and post it on Facebook.

Japan Middle AgesBefore Chinese influence• What’s the geography effect

to early Japanese politic?– Village, Clan (Uji), leader,

strong relationship– Yayoi 300 AD.– Tomb Culture– Yamato State (near Kyoto)– Sun Goddess

• 604 AD. Prince Shotokuannounced The 17 Article Constitution– Sent Ambassadors to China

– Confucianism: obey the rulers– Stability for the society– Horoyuji Temple (607 AD.)

Japan Middle Ages

• What’s the religion during this time?

• Kami: Holy things in nature

• Shinto: the way of the gods: belief in spiritual in nature: force of nature– Respect Kami– Worship ancestors and

respect unity– Emphasis on simplicity and

hygiene– Purification

What’s this water for?

Japan Middle AgesChinese influence period• 645 AD: The Taika Reform:

– Centralized economy

– Built roads to connect with the center

– Set up local management

– Equal field system: government as a landowner, assigned amount of land according to labor work capability and would revert to the government again after death (prevent local power and asset accumulation)

• 701 AD: The Taiho Code:

– Prefecture, province, and district

– Quota tax: rulers could make a fortune through the difference they got from their people and the required quota

Japan Middle Ages• Nara:710-781 AD.

– Copied Nara from Chang-an(Xian):East/West

– Grid city• 600 AD. Spread of Buddhism from China

and Korea– Todaiji Temple

• Japanese Garden (Shinto)–Leaf, grass, moss, pond

•Literature: The history of Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters 712 AD.)–3 Sections:5Gods from heaven including Amatera’s descendant to rule Japan, Jimmu Emperor empire expansion to the East, Nintoku Emperor success–Showed the belief that link God to the emperor and the birth of Japan=>Nationalism

Nihon Shoki (720 AD.)–30 books of ancient tales of miracle things–Chinese tradition and philosophy

Japan Middle Ages• Heian:794-1192 AD: Kyoto

– Moved here to avoid politics from the Buddhist temple and better link with N/E cities

– The estate: Shoen: owned large piece of land, farmers preferred to be serfs in the estate to avoid tax

– worsened centralized economy, the start of feudalism

• Fujiwara: most powerful family: married with the emperor

• Kana Alphabet invention (women started to write)– Lady Murasaki Shikibu: The Tale of

Genji (1002-1019 AD.): World first novel

– Story of Prince Genji and his love– Reflect the life, taste, and belief of

the royal families during those time.– Emaki painting (Genji)

• New School of Buddism: – Tendai:praying, Shingon:ritual ceremony– Biyodoing Temple: The Phoenix

Pavillion: private chapel of the regent Fujiwara Yorimichi(994-1074 AD.)

Japan Middle AgesMilitary Leader period•Kamakura:1192-1333 AD•Internal conflict between Tiara and Minamatofamilies•Minamato Yoritomo:1st Shogun•Headquarters: Kamakura but the emperor’s still lived in Kyoto•Yoritomo Government: Bakufu (Tent government)•Feudalism: Peak of Samurai•Coincidence with Western Europe? What’s the difference?

Similarities–Knight: Samurai: expensive and long training, came from good family–Code of chivalry :Bushido: brevity, loyalty, prefer death over dishonesty

•Later(Diamyo as a vassal of Shogun)•Bakuhun: Decentralized(autonomy) management with Centralized national policy: Diamyo’s family as a hostage in Edo•Samurai increased power (700 years)•The Tale of Heike: Gempei war between the two families•Azuma Kagami: Reflection of the East: Information on the start of feudalism in Japan, Minamato Yoritomo•Kamakura:sword making

Japan Middle Ages

• Muromachi:1333-1700 AD.• Weak Shoguns; continual warfare

among the daimyos and samurais• Chinese style pavilions built by

Shoguns for tea house or retreat: Golden Pavilion: Kyoto

• Zen: experience a sudden flash when tune in with nature

• Zen influence: Ryoanji Rock Garden in Kyoto; Can you intepret?

• Samurai entertainment:– No drama: mask for main actor,

imitating samurai, devil, or god– Tea ceremony: peace, calm

• Civilian entertainment: Kabuki

Thailand• Sukothai Dynasty 1230

AD.

– King Sriintaratitannounced Thai Independence from Khorm

– King Ramkamhangcreated Thai Alphabet

– Spread of Buddhism from Srilanka

•Mahatat Temple in Sukothai, JD style?•Ramkamhaeng Stone

Thailand• Ayudhaya Dynasty 1350 AD.

– King Uthong constructed Ayudhaya as the new capital city of Thailand

– 1492 AD: Sailed boat to Japan– 1531 AD: Portuguese merchant

arrival

• 1560 AD. Portuguese Missionary spread Christianity in Thailand

• 1569 AD. Lost Ayudhaya to Burma– Praya Jackri:traitor

• 1592 AD. King Narasuan the great fought on the elephant’s back (ยทุธหตัถี) With whom?

Asian Middle Ages

Time: AsianMiddle Ages

Politic, Economic, Society

Knowledge, Philosophy, Religion, Technology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

Sui Dynasty: 581-618 AD.Yayoi,Tomb , Yamato State 300-600 AD (Before Chinese influence)

Sui Yangdi: China reunited strong centralized state, equal field systemSun Goddess, 604 AD. Prince Shotoku announced The 17 Article Constitution

Grand Canal for trade, repairing the great wall Kami: Holy things in natureShinto: the way of the gods: belief in spiritual in nature: force of nature

Cave temples: Lung menHoryuji Temple

Tang: 618-907 AD.

Chinese influence periodNara:710-781 AD.Heian:794-1192 AD, Fujiwara

Arab Muslim:712 ADSlave DynastyKhilji DynastyTughlak DynastySayyid DynastyLodhi Dynasty

Chola Dynasty in Southern India 886-1267 AD

Military Expansion Period: Largest empire: Korea to Turkestan, Capital City @ Chang-an, centralized state with 6 ministries, prefecture and province, Agricultural expansion: economic revolution period, Migration to the South645 AD: The Taika Reform: Centralized economy, equal field system 701 AD: The Taiho Code: prefecture, province, taxCopied Nara from Chang-an(Xian):East/WestMoved the capital to Heian (Kyoto) 784 AD: politics avoidance from the Buddhist temple and better link with N/E cities, Shoen system worsened centralized economyFeudal society 800-1000 AD.1000 AD. Mahmud of Ghazni from Afghanistan invaded Northern India, Delhi Sultanatee began 1192 (followed by 5 Muslim dynasties), Jeziya tax(non Muslim tax)

Hanlin Yuan: Royal Academy, Neo Confucianism: Chu Hsi, Wang Yang Ming, Wood Block Printing, Ship, Gunpowder, Fireworks, Cannon, Ceramics, AbacusHsuan-tsang monk traveled to India for 16 years, Zhen Hur 7 trips to Indonesia, Arabia, and Africa600 AD. Spread of Buddhism from China and Korea, Heian: New School of Buddhism Tendai, ShingonKana Alphabet

Bhakti movement: fight against Islam University of Nalanda, Islam, Sikh

Cave Temples, Ceramics

Nara Period: Todaiji Temple Heian:Biyodoing Temple: The Phoenix PavillionJapanese Garden (Shinto)Yamato-e PaintingEmaki painting (Genji)

Islamic MosquesChola:Bronze sculptures: Shiva Nataraja, Hindu Rajarajeshvara Temple: Southern Indian style

The history of Kojiki(Records of Ancient Matters 712)Nihon Shoki (720)

Lady MurasakiShikibu: The Tale of Genji (1002-1019 AD.): World first novelBook of Wonders by Buzurg ibnshahriyar

Sung: 960-1279 AD.Yuan: 1260-1368 AD.Mongol, Kublai KhanMing:1368-1644 AD.

Military Leader periodKamakura:1192-1333 ADMuromachi:1333

Islam period in India (1000-1500 AD.)

Sung: China reunited, Capital City@Kaifeng, centralized state, peak of international trade Yuan: 1279 AD. Kublai Khan, Capital City@Beijing, peace established, trade expanded, tax exempt for Muslim Merchant Association, link renewed with the West, Tried to invade Japan twice but the war ships wrecked from kamikaze storm, 1331 AD Bubonic plague in China, Ming: 1368 AD. Chu Yuan Chang, rebellion leader against Mongols, became the first Ming Dynasty Emperor, limited trade and collect tribute, paper currencyFeudalism: Peak of Samurai: Tiara vs. MinamatoMinamato Yoritomo is the first Shogun, headquarters moved to Kamakura but the emperor’s still in Kyoto, samurai increased power (700 years)1206 AD. Aibak Sultan of Delhi1300 AD. Sultan expand the kingdom to S. India 1336 AD. Hindu fought back and constructed Vijayanagar (วิชัยนคร)1398 AD. Hun invasion (Tamerlane)

Sung: translucent porcelain, spinning machine, coinage, a golden age of calligraphy and ink painting (mountain landscape, romantic landscape, and Buddhist simplicity), magnetic compassYuan: color printing

Bushido: loyalty, brevity, death over dishonestyKamakura: sword makingZen (Chinese Ch’an):sudden flash experience when in tune with nature

Yuan dynasty: Tibetan style white pagoda in Beijing’s royal gardensMarble Gate: 1345 ADMing dynasty: peak of blue and white porcelain, Forbidden City

Chinese style pavilions built by Shoguns for tea house or retreat: Golden Pavilion: Kiukakuji: Kyoto

Ryoanji Rock Garden in Kyoto (Zen)

Kutb Minar: Pillar of Victory

Sung: Li Ching Chao, composer of tzu(greatest female poet)Ming: Emperor Yung lo encyclopedia (1403 AD)

Azuma Kagami: Reflection of the EastThe Tale of the Heike No drama: male onlyThe Tale of Ise

Memory Bingo

• Use 1-3 keywords to summarize each box of our table for Japan. For example:

• Draw a new 3X3 table

• Select 9 keywords and put them in your 3X3 table

• Answer the following questions using your keyword list

• “Bingo” when you get 3 words in a row, column, or diagonal.

Japan Middle Ages Politic, Economic, Society

Knowledge, Philosophy, Religion, Technology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

Before Chinese Influence

Kami, Shinto

Chinese Influence: Nara, Heian

Military Leader Period: Kamakura

Discussion• What’s the theme for Ancient World? What

about the Middle Ages?• What are the similarity and difference during the

Middle Ages in Europe and Asia?– Think of the Intellectual resources– Invasions– Politics and Society– Technology

• What about Thailand? Where are we now?• Should be able to understand the table vertically

and across continents.• Think about the cause and effect of the events.