WLAN AP Network Planning and Optimization-20110913-B

7/27/2019 WLAN AP Network Planning and Optimization-20110913-B

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

Maximize your network value

WLAN AP Network Planning and

Optimization



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

1. WLAN Deployment Process

2. Specifying Requirements

3. Onsite Survey

4. Power Evaluation and Channel Planning

5. Installing Distributed Indoor APs

6. Installing Indoor APs

7. Installing Outdoor APs

8. Acceptance of the WLAN Signal Deployment

9. Optimizing WLAN

10. Attachment 1: Examples for Planning the

Distributed Indoor Network

11. Attachment 2: Huawei WLAN Products

Page 2




WLAN Deployment Process

Coverage mode

Device capacity

Frequency band

Link budget

Device configuration and

networking

Power distribution mode

Project implementation

Acceptance criteria

……

Specifyrequirements

Make deploymentplan

Is the plan

approved? Modify the plan

Is project accepted?

End

No

No

Yes

Yes

Page 3

Conduct

onsite survey

Install devices

Conduct

acceptance test

Optimize the

network






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 4




Basic Requirements for WLAN Network

Construction

Areas and

deployment

methods

Field strength

requirements

Networking

mode

Power distribution

mode

Bandwidth

requirementsBasic requirements

for planning the

network

Page 5




Areas

Based on the onsite survey and construction drawing, determine

that the WLAN areas covers, and focus on key areas where many

users have access to the Internet.

Key areas

Secondary areas

Areas where many users have access to the Internet, such

as dormitories, library rooms, classrooms, hotel rooms,halls, conference rooms, offices, and exhibition halls.

Areas where users do not need Internet access, such as

washing rooms, stairs, elevators, aisles, and kitchens.

Specified areas Areas that need Internet access or cannot have access to

the Internet according to the carrier's requirement.

Page 6




Deployment Methods

ribution

tion Outdoor

coverage

Indoor

distribution

Outdoor

coverage

Combining 2G/3G signals

Independent WLAN distributed

indoor system

Outdoor sector coverage

Outdoor signals covering indoor

areas Bridge backhaul

Indoor

installation

Covering single hot spots

AP intelligent antennas

Indoor

distribution

Indoor

installation

Page 7




Field Strength Requirements

The transmit power of an AP is controlled to adjust the field

strength of covered areas. Before deploying the WLANnetwork, consider the following requirements:

Field strength of The primarycoverage area

Field strength of

the edge area

Restrict the field strength of key areas within -40 dBm to -

65 dBm. High power may lead to overload while low

power may lead to decrease in the connection rate.

Based on the receive sensitivity and edge bandwidth, thefield strength of edge areas is higher than -75 dBm. To meetthe requirement for accessing the Internet, reduce theconnection rate.

Interference

field strength

The interference field strengths at the same frequency

in the same area cannot exceed -80 dBm.

Leaked

field strength

It is recommended that the field strength at a place 10

m away from the building is less than -90 dBm.

Page 8




System Bandwidth Requirements

The WLAN network capacity is represented by bandwidth. For example, if the packet

transmission rate on an air interface of an AP is 54 Mbit/s based on the 802.11g

standard, the AP throughput is approximately 20 Mbit/s, excluding the overheads. There

are 20 dormitories on one floor of the building and five users in a dormitory have access

to the Internet with 2 Mbit/s bandwidth for each user. If the concurrence rate is 30%,

three APs are needed on this floor.

The number of APs = 20 x 5 x 2 Mbit/s x 30% / 20 Mbit/s = 3

It is not recommended that an AP supports more than 30 users. If there are more than 30

users in the covered area, add APs.

Total bandwidth

of the system

Required

Number of APs

Total number of users x Concurrence rate x

Bandwidth requirement of each user

Requirements for total

bandwidth/Bandwidth of each AP

Page 9




Networking Requirements

Multiple APs are aggregated to the upper-layer device. The

networking is planned based on the site requirements. The

following networking methods are used:

1. Aggregate APs to the upper-layer network using LAN

switches such as Huawei S switch series. 2. Aggregate APs to the upper-layer OLT using the MXU, ONU, or

ONT device.

3. Determine the AP type in coverage mode.

4. Determine the number of required switches based on thenumber of APs, interface type, and layout location.

5. Select the AC model based on the number of APs on the entire

network.

Page 10




AC Directly Connected to the BRAS

Page 11




AC Connected to the Side of BRAS

Page 12




Power Distribution

The following three modes are available for power distribution:

PoE switch

If no AC power supply is available, use the PoE adapter to

supply power.

PoE switches using the 802.3af standard are preferred

to supply power.

If the AC power supply is available, use the AC power supply

or AC adapter to supply power.

1

23

Page 13






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 14




Surveying the Building

Get the detailed construction drawing, including the plane graph of the targeted floor,

block diagram in all directions, drawing for strong and weak electric wells inside thebuilding. Mark the available transmission link and the place for cabling on the

construction drawing.

Survey the building structure, record the materials and widths of interior walls, floor

plates, doors, and window, and evaluate the passing-through attenuation.

Check the site for the ceiling board, record its materials, and determine the mode to

install antennas. Record the height and position of the cross beam and evaluate whether the cross beam

affects antenna signal transmission.

Determine areas for high and low bandwidths and assign the number of APs in different

areas as required.

Determine the current networking mode and the installation position of APs, switches,

and antennas. Evaluate the number of devices and device model.

Determine the cabling mode and length based on the building structure.

Determine the power supply mode.

Take sufficient photos for displaying the detailed structure of the interior building and

exterior appearance.

Page 15




Antenna System and Interference Source

Survey

Determine the specifications of the feeder, combiner, coupler, power

splitter, and antenna in the distributed indoor system.

Determine whether the antenna components of the original distributed

indoor system require reconstruction.

Evaluate the onsite link budget and signal attenuation. Specify the

hotspot and blind spot areas.

Check the site for the 2G/3G antennas and RRU base station

interference source.

Check the site for the Wi-Fi routers and test the channel distribution.

Check the site for the interference source such as microwave oven,

wireless camera, or cordless telephone.

Page 16




Outdoor Installation Survey

Check whether the AP is installed on a holding pole or on a wall. Determine the maximum installation heights for an AP and an

antenna.

Determine the distance between the AP, the antenna, and the

covered area.

Check whether the AP is installed using the same address as that

of the base station. If yes, check the frequency band, transmit

power, and the antenna direction for the onsite base station.

Verify that the AC power supply is available and that a surge

protection box is installed to protect the AC.

Check the GND points.

Check the probability that the installation site gets caught in surge.

Page 17






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 18




Free Space Attenuation

The free space attenuation is used when signals on the link are evaluated in

the distributed indoor and indoor modes. The following formulas are used:

20logf + 20logd - 28 (f: MHz; d: m)

20logf + 20logd + 32.4 (f: MHz; d: km)

20logf + 20logd + 92.4 (f: GHz; d: km)

If the distance is doubled, the attenuation increases by 6 dB.

Distance (d) 5 m 10 m 15 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 200 m 300 m

2400 MHz 54.02 60.04 63.56 66.06 69.58 72.08 74.02 75.61 86.06 89.58

Page 19




COST231-Hata Model

The outdoor coverage uses the COST231-Hata model and is applicable to the

frequency band lower than 2000 MHz. Therefore, the following parameters require

modification at the 2.4 GHz frequency band:

PL = 46.3 + 33.9lg(f) – 13.82lg(hb) – a(hm) + (44.9 – 6.55lg[hb])lg(d) + cm

Cm parameters at the 2.4 GHz frequency band in different areas:

› Dense Urban: –3

› Urban: –6

› Suburban: –12

› Rural: –20

› In the preceding formula,

hb (in meter) is the height of the antenna in the base station and hm (in meter) is the height of

the antenna in the mobile station.

f (in MHz) is the working frequency and d (in km) is the transmission distance.

The formulas for a are as follows:

› For dense urban and urban areas, a(Hr) = 3.2log2(11.75 Hr) – 4.97

› For the suburban and rural areas: a(Hr) = (1.1logf – 0.7) Hr – (1.56logf – 0.8)

Page 20




Pass-Through Loss

The multipath effect in the environment restricts the effective coverage

of APs. Due to poor penetration and diffraction, the strength of WLAN

signals attenuates when being blocked by an obstacle. The following is

the empirical values of attenuation generated when a 2.4 GHz microwave

passes through the obstacle of different materials:

8 mm wooden board: 1 dB to 1.8 dB 38 mm wooden board: 1.5 dB to 3 dB

40 mm wooden door: 2 dB to 3 dB

12 mm glass: 2 dB to 3 dB

250 mm concrete wall: 20 dB to 30 dB

Brick wall: about 15 dB

Floors: about 30 dB

Elevators: 20 dB to 40 dB

Page 21




Component Attenuation and Connection

Attenuation When evaluating the power, consider the insertion loss of RF

components such as cable connector, power splitter, coupler,

combiner, and filter.

The splice loss ranges from 0.1 dB to 0.2 dB.

Generally, the insertion loss of a combiner is 0.5 dB.

For the specifications of passive components, see the Component

Manual.

Cable attenuation

Name Transmission Loss

900M dB/100 m

Transmission Loss

2100M dB/100 m

Transmission

Loss 2400M

dB/100 m

1/2 feeder 7.04 9.91 12.5

7/8 feeder 4.02 5.48 6.8

Page 22




Basic Principles

Power evaluation

› Transmit power + Tx gain – Path loss + Rx gain = Field strength

Transmit power of the AP

› Depends on the AP.

Tx gain of the AP and Rx gain of the STA

› Depends on the antenna specifications. The gains are generally 2 dBi. Accounting the transmission path loss

› Requires site confirmation, including attenuation on space, cables, and blocking.

› Has uncertain blocking attenuation related to the angle of incoming signals. In most

cases, the transmission path loss is calculated using 25 dB as the blocking

attenuation.

Target field strength > requirement for field strength

Page 23




Channel IDCenter Frequency

(MHz)

North

America

Europe Spain France Japan China

1 2412 √ √ √

2 2417 √ √ √

3 2422 √ √ √

4 2427 √ √ √

5 2432 √ √ √

6 2437 √ √ √

7 2442 √ √ √

8 2447 √ √ √

9 2452 √ √ √

10 2457 √ √ √ √ √

11 2462 √ √ √ √ √

12 2467 √ √ √

13 2472 √ √ √

14 2484 √

Note:

The channel in Japan ranges from 2.471 GHz to 2.497 GHz, which is out of Channel 13.

Channel 1, 6, and 11 are used as non-overlapping channels in China and North America.

Channel 1, 7, and 13 are used as non-overlapping channels in Europe.

Channel Planning at the 2.4 GHz

Frequency Band

Page 24

Ch l Pl i t th 5 GH F




Channel Planning at the 5 GHz Frequency

Band

Channel

Number (Nch)Frequency Band (GHz) Center Frequency (MHz) America China

36

5.15 to 5.25

UNII Low-frequency band

5180 √

40 5200 √

44 5220 √

48 5240 √

52

5.25 to 5.35

UNII Middle-frequencyband

5260 √

56 5280 √

60 5300 √

64 5320 √

149

5.725 to 5.825

UNII High-frequency band

5745 √ √

153 5765 √ √

157 5785 √ √

161 5805 √ √

165 0 to 5.850 5825 √

Note:

Center frequency = 5000 + 5 x Nch

The standard frequency band in China can be extended to 5.850 GHz on the basis of UNII high

frequency band. Five non-overlapping channels are provided.

Page 25




Channel Planning in HT 40 Mode

Channel ID Frequency (MHz)Regulation Domain

America EMEA Japan China

(36, 1) (40,-1) 5190 X - X -

(44, 1) (48,-1) 5230 X - X -

(52, 1) (56,-1) 5270 X - X -

(60, 1) (64, -1) 5310 X - -

(100, 1) (104, -1) 5510 - X -

(108, 1) (112, -1) 5550 - X -

(116, 1) (120, -1) 5590 - X -

(124, 1) (128,-1) 5630 - X -

(132, 1) (136,-1) 5670 - X -

(149, 1) (153,-1) 5755 X - - X

(157, 1) (161,-1) 5795 X - - X

5 GHz channel separation in HT 40 mode

Channels 1 to 9 or Channels 5 to 13 are used in Europe.

Channels 1 to 7 or Channels 5 to 11 are used in America.

Only one non-overlapping HT 40 frequency exists at the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The

interference between APs cannot be avoided in HT 40 mode.

The following table lists the 5 GHz channel separation in HT 40 mode.

Page 26




Channel Planning for the Distributed

Indoor System (1)

The 2.4 GHz frequency resources of WLAN are limited. To prevent

interference between signals at the same frequency, alternate space for

channel planning, which increases the network capacity. Plan the channel

based on the principle of minimizing overlapping between co-channel

signals. This brings the distributed indoor system the following

requirements:

› The frequency points of APs on the same floor are deployed in the alternating position.

› The frequency points of APs at the vertically same areas on two neighboring floors are

deployed in interlaced positions.

› The APs are deployed in interlaced positions in order of Channel 1, 6, and 11. The APs at

the same frequency are kept away from each other.

› If more than three APs are deployed on a floor, it is recommended that you deploy

distributed indoor antennas in rooms rather than corridors to prevent co-channel

interference between APs.

› If the interference is caused by multiple carrier or proprietary Wi-Fi routers at the same

frequency, prevent conflicts between channels by means of avoidance and negotiation.

Page 27





Indoor System (2)Floor Number One AP on One Floor

7 1

6 11

5 6

4 1

3 11

2 61 1

Floor Number Two APs on One Floor

7 1 6

6 11 1

5 6 114 1 6

3 11 1

2 6 11

1 1 6

Page 28





Indoor System (3)Floor Number Three APs on One Floor

7 1 6 11

6 11 1 6

5 6 11 1

4 1 6 11

3 11 1 6

2 6 11 11 1 6 11

Floor Number Four APs on One Floor

7 1 6 11 1

6 11 1 6 11

5 6 11 1 64 1 6 11 1

3 11 1 6 11

2 6 11 1 6

1 1 6 11 1

Page 29





Indoor System (4)

Antennas installed in the room eliminate the pass-through lossof signals and increases the isolation degree between APs.

Therefore, installing APs in corridors and antennas in rooms can

reduce interference between APs at the same frequency.

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

Dorm Dorm Dorm

1 6 11 1

Page 30




Channel Planning for Installing Indoor APs

To prevent interference between channels, the interval between central frequencies of

each two channels in the 2.4 GHz frequency band must be larger than or equal to 25

MHz. It is recommended that channels 1, 6, and 11 be used alternately. In the 5.8 GHz

frequency band, non-overlapping channels 149, 153, 157, 164, and 165 are used, with 20

MHz of separation between each two channels.

1

11

11

6

1

11

1

6

1

1

11

6

1

611

6

6

1

11

6

111

11

11

6

111

1

Carrier A Carrier B Carrier C

6

1

1

11

61

6 1

11

11

6

1

11

1 11

6

6

1

116

11

Channel overlapping

+ + =

Page 31




Channel Planning for Outdoor APs (1)

When the outdoor APs use omnidirectional antennas, plan the channel

according to the planning for installing APs indoors.

When the outdoor APs use directional antennas, plan the channel in

combination with the area direction to prevent interference between APs at

the same frequency in the same overlap.

two APs and four antennasOne AP and two antennasOne AP and one antenna

Channel 1 Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 11Channel 11Channel 1

Three APs and three antennas Four APs and four antennastwo APs and two antennas

Channel 1Channel 11

Channel 1Channel 1

Channel 11 Channel 11Channel

11

Channel 6

Channel 6

Page 32




Channel Planning for Outdoor APs (2)

Three APs and three MIMO antennas Four APs and four MIMO antennasOne AP and one MIMO antenna

Channel 1Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 11 Channel 6

Channel 1

Channel 11 Channel 11

Channel 6

The outdoor APs using 802.11n can be covered with multiple-

input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas to increase access

bandwidth in a sector.

The 45-degree dual-polarized antennas and dual vertically

polarized antennas can both be used as MIMO antennas.

Page 33




Network Planning Tools and Emulation

Tools

Recommendations for network planning tools include:TYCAD and iBwave for the indoor distribution system

AirMagnet for the indoor installation system

Huawei U-Net for the outdoor coverage

Recommendations for emulation tools include:

TYCAD

iBwave

AirMagnet

Network planning tools are used to calculate the power distribution in the

antenna system.

Emulation tools are used to calculate the link loss and check the feasibility of

the network plan.

Page 35

Planning the Distributed Indoor System




Planning the Distributed Indoor System

Using CAD

Page 36




Use Emulation Tools to Emulate the Field

Strength Distribution

Page 37






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 38

Combining Channels into a Single AP on




Combining Channels into a Single AP on

a Floor

2G RRU

Coupler

Coupler

Coupler Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

3G RRU

Combiner

AP

AP

AP

The coverage based on the floor is applicable

to most application scenarios.

Page 39

Combining Channels into Multiple APs




Combining Channels into Multiple APs

on a Floor

2G RRU

Coupler

Coupler

Power splitter

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

3G RRU

Combiner

AP

AP

AP

Multiple APs on a floor increase the WLAN capacity.

Power splitter

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Combiner

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

AP

AP

AP

Page 40

Combining Multiple Channels into APs in




Combining Multiple Channels into APs in

the Specified Areas

AP

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

AP

Combiner

Antenna

3G RRU

2G RRU

WLAN signals cover the specified areas.

Combiner

Antenna AP

Antenna Antenna Page 41

I d d t WLAN Di t ib t d I d




Independent WLAN Distributed Indoor

System

Power splitter Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

Coupler Coupler

Antenna

APCoupler

Antenna Antenna

AP

Antenna

Antenna

Antenna

A WLAN is established independently.

Page 42




Power Distribution: Coupler

Name Coupling Insertion Loss (dB)

Coupler (5 dB) 5 + 0.5 ≤ 2.0

Coupler (7 dB) 7 + 0.5 ≤ 1.4

Coupler (10 dB) 10 + 0.5 ≤ 0.9

Coupler (15 dB) 15 + 0.5 ≤ 0.6

Coupler (20 dB) 20 + 0.5 ≤ 0.5

Coupling and Insertion Loss of Commonly-Used Couplers

Coupling (C) = 10logP1/P3

P1 is the input power and P3 is the output power

from the coupler.

Insertion Loss (IL) = 10logP1/P2

P1 is the input power and P2 is the power on the

outgoing interface.

Page 43




Power Distribution: Power Splitter

Name Insertion Loss (dB)

2-way power splitter ≤ 3.5

3-way power splitter ≤ 5.1 4-way power splitter ≤ 6.4

Insertion Loss of Commonly-Used Power Splitters

A power splitter divides the input power

equally to multiple outgoing interfaces.

Page 44




Power Distribution: Antenna

In the distributed indoor system, the following factors affect the output

power from the antenna interface:1. Power distribution by the coupler and power splitter

2. Number of distributed indoor antennas on an AP

3. Cable attenuation and insertion loss

4. Output power of the AP source signal.

The distribution proportion of the output power from antennas is determined

by the coupler and power splitter parameters.

The attenuation caused by the cable length cannot be ignored.

If the antenna topology of the distributed indoor system is determined, the

output power of antennas is only determined by the AP output power.

Therefore, the network can be optimized by adjusting the AP output power.

It is recommended to control the output power of each antenna in the

distributed indoor system between 8 dBm and 15 dBm. The specific power

is related to the field strength requirement and wall structure.

Page 45




Power Distribution: Combiner

The 2G/3G distributed indoor system has been installed in most scenarios, so on this

basis you only need to add a WLAN to the combined system. The WLAN combination point

combines signals based on the floor by the combiner. Notes:

› 1. The power distribution of the antenna in the existing 2G/3G distributed indoor system may not meet the

power requirement of the WLAN. In this case, adjust the power, otherwise signals cannot be combined.

› 2. Check whether the existing components in the distributed indoor system support the WLAN frequency

band. If not, adjust the frequency bands of the components.

› 3. The number of APs on a floor is limited due to the signal combination and only one AP is installed on a

floor. If more APs are required, redesign the WLAN antenna system.

› 4. The combiner causes insertion loss that affects the results from evaluating power for 2G/3G and WLAN

signals. Therefore, reserve the loss when establishing a distributed indoor system.

› 5. Select a combiner with an isolation degree higher than 90 dB, to prevent interference from 2G/3G signals.

ATN WLAN

2G/3G

Page 46

P Di t ib ti P Di t ib ti




Power Distribution: Power Distribution

for Antennas (1)

The position, distance from each other, and transmit power isrelated to the field strength of the coverage target. The distance

between antennas should be considered in combination with the

building structure. The following is the recommended distance:

1. Dormitory, hotel, and hospital: 10 m

2. Teaching building, library, and shopping center: 30 m

3. Large venue, exhibition hall, departure lounge, underground

garage, and open indoor environment: 60 m

Distribution indoor antennas of an AP cannot be deployed densely

and generally father than 8 m away from each other, due to the

phase interference between two antenna signals.

Page 47






for Antennas (2)

In typical scenarios, the coverage target is similar, so the consistency in

antennas is required during power distribution. Consider the cable

attenuation when selecting parameters of the coupler and power splitter. In

the actual design, determine the components and the topology of power

distribution based on the building structure and specific coverage targets.

The following is a recommended networking for two-to-four-antenna

design.

Two-antenna design: 2-way power splitter

2-way power splitter

Antenna1 Antenna2

AP

Page 48






for Antennas (3)

Three-antenna design with a coupler (7 dB) and a 2-way power splitter

Coupler (7 dB) 2-way power splitter

Antenna1 Antenna2 Antenna3

Four-antenna design with a coupler (10 dB), a coupler (7 dB), and a 2-way

power splitter

Coupler (10 dB) Coupler (7 dB)

Antenna1 Antenna2 Antenna3


Antenna4

AP

AP

Page 49

L i t R di C bl




Laying out Radio Cables

1. The 1/2 coaxial cables are the preferred radio cables. If the distance is longer than 50

m, use 7/8 coaxial cables.

2. The bending radius of a feeder must comply with that described in technical

specifications and the curvature radius of the feeder must comply with the following

table.

Name Radius when the

feeder bends once

Radius when the

feeder bends twice1/2 feeder 125 mm 210 mm

7/8 feeder 250 mm 360 mm

3. Consider minimizing the transmission distance when deploying the cable topology in

the distributed indoor system. This can prevent unnecessary transmission loss.

4. Use slot to protect the main feeder cabling. In the scenario without a ceiling, use PVC

pipe to protect the branch feeder cabling and fix cables by the line code. The cabling in

the ceiling does not require PVC pipe protection.

5. Attach labels for each device and two ends of each feeder and mark the device name,

device number, and the feeder direction.

Page 50

D l i A t (1)




Deploying Antennas (1)

1. Install the omnidirectional antenna on the surface of the ceiling or

inside the non-metal ceiling.

2. Ensure that the antenna is exposed from the metal ceiling. The

antenna can also be installed inside the plaster ceiling.

3. Install the antenna vertically to ensure that the beam covers the

target area evenly.

4. Install a support to fix the antenna in the area without a

suspended ceiling.

Page 51

Installing an antenna on a floor

without a suspended ceilingInstalling an antenna on a floor

with a suspended ceiling







Deploying Antennas (3) 6. Consider the minimum number of times that signals pass through walls to

reduce the pass-through loss. In the following figure, signals sent from A6 (in

red) pass through two dormitory walls, while signals sent from A5 pass

through no walls.

Page 53





7. A combiner is not installed when the WLAN distributed indoor system

does not combine with 2G/3G RRU. If a 2G/3G distributed indoor system

that is provided by another carrier is installed on the same floor,

interference may occur. In this case, increase the isolation degree

between systems as follows:

Ensure WLAN antennas and 2G/3G antennas are spaced out at least 2m from each other.

If the interference cannot be prevented, connect a combiner or

bandpass filter to the AP antenna interface.

8. Decrease the antenna distance to 6 to 10 m for signals to cover an area

evenly. This, however, increases the number of and costs in antenna

components.

9. Avoid overlapping areas covered by antennas.

Page 54

Deploying the Combiner, Power Splitter,




Deploying the Combiner, Power Splitter,

and Coupler

1. Consider the frequency bands that the coupler, power splitter, and antennasupport when adding a WLAN combiner to the original distributed indoor

system. If they do not support the 2.5 GHz frequency, rectify the antenna

components.

2. The passive components in the new distributed indoor system must

support the frequency band from 800 MHz to 2500 MHz.

3. Use a dual-frequency combiner whose isolation degree is greater than 90

dB and insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB in Level-2 combination mode.

4. Test the standing wave of the antenna system after installing the indoor

distribution system. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) must be less

than 1.5.

5. Fix the passive components using binding tapes and fasteners. Ensure

that the feeder connectors are firmly and smoothly connected to the power

splitter and coupler.

Page 55






Deploying Power Supplies

1. If AP radio cables are too long, use the PoE power supply so as

to replace radio cables with Ethernet cables to prolong the

distance.

2. Install the adapter, socket, and protection switch in an ironcabinet for power supplies. Install the AC adapter next to the AP

and use a PoE adapter to prolong the distance.

3. Connect AC power cables following the PGND cable, neutral

wire, and live wire standards. Protect the power cables using PVCpipes and ensure the cable layout is straight and nice.

4. The WA631 must be grounded for security compliance.

Page 57






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 58

D l i I d A ith I t ll d AP




Deploying Indoor Areas with Installed APs

As a method commonly used for covering with radio signals, indoor APs and

omnidirectional antennas are easy and flexible to install and require low construction

costs. APs work independently, which enables you to change the number of APs based

on the area to provide users with different bandwidths.

Indoor APs are installed in the buildings where the distributed indoor system cannot be

installed or the small areas where centralized users have large capacity requirements.

The APs installed indoors are applicable to the scenarios such as conference rooms,

offices, old buildings, bars, entertainment centers, VIP departure lounges, and

shopping centers.

Page 59

Bandwidth Requirements and Transmit




Bandwidth Requirements and Transmit

Power Adjustments

If the deployment area

requires a 60 Mbit/sbandwidth, distribute three

APs using 802.11g. Modify

the transmit power of each

AP to reach a receive field

strength of –60 dBm in the

coverage target.

If the deployment area

requires a 120 Mbit/s

bandwidth, distribute six

APs. Minimize the transmit

power of each AP to reduce

the probability of the co-

channel interference.

61 11

111 6

16 11

Page 60

Distributing Multiple APs in the Open and




Distributing Multiple APs in the Open and

Blocked Areas

An open area lacks blocking from

walls, so co-channel interference

occurs if the number of APs exceeds

three. The increased power of APs

ensures good signals in the

deployment area, but this interferes

APs on the neighboring channels. In

this case, use intelligent antennas

preferentially.

The walls greatly reduce co-channel

interference. If each wall brings anattenuation of 20 dB and the signal

reaches –60 dBm, the interference on

the neighboring channels can fall to –

80 dBm.

111 6

16 11

111 6

16 11

Page 61

Coverage Area with One AP




Coverage Area with One AP

AP TransmitPower

Field Strength of Coverage Target

Number of Walls (20dBm)

Coverage Radius(meter)

20 dBm –60 dBm 0 90

20 dBm –60 dBm 1 10

20 dBm –70 dBm 2 3

› Signals of a 2.4 GHz AP have a wide coverage range when passing through no blocking, a

relatively wide coverage range when passing through a wall (causing 20 dB attenuation), and

a small coverage range when passing through two walls.

Coverage of 2.4 GHz signals:

AP Transmit

Power

Field Strength of

Coverage Target

Number of Walls (20

dBm)

Coverage Radius

(meter)

20 dBm –60 dBm 0 4020 dBm –60 dBm 1 4

20 dBm –70 dBm 1 13

› Signals of a 5.8 GHz AP have a relatively wide coverage range in the open area. The

coverage radius is limited when signals pass through a wall.

Coverage of 5.8 GHz signals:

Page 62

D l i th N t k f I t ll d AP




Deploying the Network for Installed APs

1. Plan and emulate the network with AirMagnet planner according to the construction

drawing.

2. Compare the AirMagnet emulation result and actual evaluation result to eliminate

modeling errors. This is applicable to the same construction scenarios.

3. The coverage range of installed APs is smaller than that of distributed indoor APs

because free space attenuation is higher than cable attenuation. Therefore, multiple

APs should be installed to increase the coverage. 4. Use walls to block co-channel interference. Do not distribute co-channel APs in the

open area. At the same time, plan the channels to prevent co-channel interference.

Channel 1, 6, and 11 are preferentially used.

5. APs can be installed flexibly for convenient adjustment. Determine the field strength

and prevent co-channel interference before testing the survey site with several

versions of the fat AP.

6. It is recommended that the overlapping area between APs is from 15% to 20%

considering AP roaming.

Page 63

Installing Installed APs




Installing Installed APs

1. It is recommended that you install APs on the wall with the network interfaces

downwards. Install APs in network cabinets where there is no water leakage or

mouse urine that may cause AP faults.

2. APs can be installed on the desk.

3. Install APs at least 5 m away from each other to prevent neighboring-channel

interference and blocking interference. Do not stack APs during the installation to

ensure normal heat dissipation of the APs.

4. Protect Ethernet cables with corrugated pipes. Install an Ethernet lightning arrestor

when laying out shielded network cables outdoors.

5. If the Ethernet electrical interfaces are more than 100 m away from each other, use

optical fibers for transmission. This scenario requires an O/E converter on thenetwork.

6. Use local the power supply first when it is available.

Page 64





2. Specifying Requirements3. Onsite Survey



6. Installing Indoor APs7. Installing Outdoor APs


9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 65

O td D l t f WLAN




Outdoor Deployment of WLAN

The outdoor deployment of the WLAN is applicable to scenarios requiring

wireless services, such as public squares, residential areas, schools,

dormitories, campuses, open areas where people are collected, and

pedestrian streets.

Some application scenarios require wireless backhaul, such as scenario of

wireless bridge or transmit at the 2.4 GHz frequency band and backhaul atthe 5 GHz frequency band.

High-power outdoor APs are used for outdoor deployment. The deployment

is affected by factors such as the transmit power, antenna model and gains,

AP height, and blocking. During the network construction, consider the

system capacity, the number of APs, antenna gains, antenna angle, signal

penetration, power evaluation, and protection level.

Page 66

Outdoor WLAN Deployment




Outdoor WLAN Deployment

Determine deployment scenarios based on the service requirement, land form, coverage

area, and building structure. Use high-power APs (27 dBm) and high-gain antennas

(including directional, omnidirectional, and intelligent antennas).

When deploying antennas, prevent radio signals from being blocked by objects such as

metal racks or metal screens. Install APs and antennas at a high place to minimize

impact on signals of environment changes and improve receiving performance of APs.

Keep antennas away from high-power electric devices such 2G/3G network devices and

wireless monitoring devices.

Reserve 5 dB signal to offset rain impact on outdoor AP signals.

When covering indoor areas from outdoor areas, signals face difficulties in the system

capacity and limited signal pass-through capability. Consider transmit powers of both

APs and STAs.

Use indoor APs to cover indoor areas if the method to cover outdoor areas is used. Use

outdoor APs to cover indoor areas if the negotiation between indoor areas fails while the

indoor deployment area is important.

Page 67

Outdoor WLAN Signals Covering Indoor





Areas (1)

Use this mode to cover the buildings without cable resourcesincluding twisted pair cables, category 5 cables, and distributed

system. Dormitories are used as a typical scenario.

Deployment requirements:

Use high-power APs and high-gain directional antennas to cover

indoor areas. Use the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

Consider the relationship among the installation distance,

coverage area, and signal attenuation. APs are installed a

distance away from floors. Ensure that the antenna angle covers

the deployment area while preventing high attenuation of

signals due to long distance.

Page 68






Areas (2)

› Evaluate the power and pass-through loss. If the pass-through capability of signals is

limited, cover the deployment area with multiple APs from multiple angles. Radio signals

have the priority to enter rooms from glasses. The capability to unidirectionally pass

through a building is limited, so use multiple APs to cover the building from multiple angles.

› Determine the number of APs based on the capacity requirement and deployment area.

Separate channels for multiple APs.

Page 69

Wireless Bridge




Wireless Bridge

Use APs in back-to-back mode to implement wireless interconnections

between buildings.

Deployment requirements:› Ensure that the sight distance between antennas meets non-blocked Fresnel zone, which

enables signals to be transmitted point-to-point within 500 m.

› The refined HATA model and free space model are recommended for long-distance

transmission.

› Use high-power APs and high-gain directional antennas.

› The 5 GHz frequency band can be used for backhaul in the scenario of accessing the 2.4 GHz

frequency band.

Page 70

Deployment in Cellular Coverage Model




Deployment in Cellular Coverage Model

The cellular coverage model can be used to cover middle- and small-scaled

outdoor areas such as squares, residential areas, campuses, parks, and open

areas where people are collected. Deployment requirements:

› Use APs (27 dBm) and omnidirectional or directional antennas.

› Adjust AP power based on the deployment area. APs can be installed in the cellular coverage

model is similar to the indoor installation.

› Antennas and APs can be installed on top of the buildings, on poles, or on walls.

› When separating channels, prevent co-channel interference, reduce the frequency overlap

between co-channel APs, and distribute signals evenly to improve frequency multiplexing

efficiency.

Page 71



Lobe Widths of Antenna Vertical and




Horizontal Planes

Antenna gain 17dbi

DirectionHorizontal: 90°

Vertical: 7°

Frequency

band2400 MHz to 2500 MHz

Input

connector N socket

Applicable

scenario

Used to cover outdoor areas (such as buildings)

together with down angle.

90°

50 m

7°

50 m

If the antenna is 50 m away from the

deployment area, the horizontal

coverage is 100 m and the verticalcoverage is 6 m.

The field-strength level of the coverage

is calculated based on the AP transmit

power, antenna gain, and space loss.

100 m6.12 m

Page 73

Down Angle and Coverage of an Antenna




g g

The down angle is calculated as:

θ = arctan(H/D) + A/2

› H is the antenna height.

› D is the coverage radius from the external edge.

› A is the antenna lobe angle.

H

D

Down angle θ

Lobe angle A

Page 74






Inner cell radius:

Inner cell radius = H/tan(θ + A/2)

Outer cell radius:

Outer cell radius = H/tan(θ – A/2)

Page 75

D A l d C f A t





Distance between the antenna and building:

Distance = (Hb – Hr)tanθ

Page 76

Fresnel Radius During the Outdoor




Backhaul

A Fresnel zone is an ellipsoid formed with R as the radius and a

line between transmit and receive antennas as the axis. During

the construction, ensure no obstacles in the Fresnel zone.

Page 77

Fresnel Radius During the Outdoor




g

Backhaul

F1 = (λd1d2/d) ^ 1/2 = 17.32 x {[d1 x (d – d1)/(d x f)] ^ 1/2}

› F1 is the first Fresnel radius (in meters).

› λ is the wavelength (in meters).

› The units of d1, d2, and d are kilometer.

› F is the frequency (in GHz).

T RF1

Pd1

d2

µÚÒ»· ÑÄù¶úÇø°ë¾¶ Í ¼1

d

The first Fresnel radius of any distance on the backhaul path is:

Page 78

Protecting Outdoor APs




Protecting Outdoor APs

Lightning strikes on buildings can be ignored, because buildings are protected from lightning. Application scenarios in

open areas require protection from lightning strikes, but this is not common and APs are always used to cover hotspots.

Protect APs with junior protection measures on buildings, such as lightning networks, GND networks, and AC power

supplies. Install APs and antennas within the protection range of 45-degree angle below the lightning arrestor.

Ground APs (excluding WA652) with short and thick GND cables and GND impedance smaller than 10 ohm. Ensure

that the potential of APs are equal to that of the GND network. If APs are installed on poles, consider insulating paint

on poles when APs are grounded. A GND cable is made of multiple copper wires and its cross-sectional area meets

the maximum load.

Implement cabling in the building or under the ground rather than expose cabling or deploy cables without cabling

trays. Lay out shielded cables in the outdoor areas. Ground cable layers or ensure cabling in metal pipes.

Do not lay out cables on the discharge loop of the lightning network. Enhance protection if the pole for the bleeder

circuit is used.

When the installation scenario does not reach the protection level, add protection devices that require proper

grounding, including the lightning arrestor, AC power supply SPD, antenna lightning arrestor, and Ethernet lightning

arrestor.

The adapter mode is preferred for PoE power supplies. Ports of the indoor switches have a poor protection capability.

Protection for switches can be ignored if an O/E converter is used, but a strong protection capability of the O/E

converter is required.

If protection devices are installed in a building, ensure security of the permanent staff.

Page 79




Installing APs on Exterior Walls (1)

APs installed on exterior walls are prevented from lightning

strikes, because buildings are protected from lightning and

power supplies are protected with basic measures.

If the distance between an antenna and an AP is short and the

feeder is short, the awareness level of the lightning is low. In

this case, a 1/4 wavelength can be used for protection and no

antenna lightning arrestor is required.

Signal cables and power supply cables pass through the

nearest walls. The exposed cable is short and has a low level of

lightning awareness. Long-distance cabling should consider

protection for signals and power supplies.

Page 80

Installing APs on Exterior Walls (2)




g ( )

Supplying power with a PoE adapter:

Huawei PoE adapter uses the floating design and the dual-core LN

AC power supply, which meets protection requirements of users.

Supplying power with a PoE switch:

The protection capability of the Huawei PoE switches is not strong

to meet protection requirements of users, so add a PoE lightning

arrestor.

The AP, Ethernet lightning arrestor, and PoE switch require proper

grounding.

Outdoor Indoor

AP

Antenna

PoE adapter

Switch

220 V

Outdoor Indoor

AP

Switch

Ethernet

lightning

arrestor

Exterior wall

The AC power supply uses power in the building

that is protected with basic measures. Ensure that

AC power supplies are connected to PE properly.

Ensure that Ethernet interfaces protect usersaccording to Huawei protection specifications. Add

an Ethernet lightning arrestor for further protection.

The Ethernet lightning arrestor and PoE switch

require proper grounding.

Antenna

Page 81

Installing APs on the Poles on Top of the




Installing APs on the Poles on Top of the

Buildings

APs are installed in the protected area of the building, which

minimizes the probability of the lightning.

An AP and an antenna are installed on a pole and connected to the

same PE. The feeder is short, so ground only the AP. If the AP uses the same address with the base station and PHD, use

the existing lightning arrestor for power supplies.

Evaluate the impact on protection from poles.

Page 82

Pole as a Bleeder Circuit with PoE and ACPower Supplies




Power Supplies

AP

PoE switch

Ethernet lightning arrestor

45° protection

range

Outdoor

Indoor

Antenna

Network

cabinet

Top floor

Supply power using a PoE adapter or PoE switch. If the

protection of PSE interfaces does not comply with required

specifications, add an Ethernet lightning arrestor.

Huawei PoE adapters require no Ethernet lightning arrestor

when supplying power. Use PoE adapters as a top priority,

because PoE switches have poor protection capabilities.

AP

Switch


Lightning arrestor Outdoor

Network

cabinet

AC power supply

distribution

cabinet

0 to 220 V

Indoor

PSD

Top floor

Supply 220 V AC power. Add a 20 KA PSD in case of

large current, because the bleeder circuit greatlyaffects the protection for AC power supplies.

If the protection of switch interfaces does not comply

with required specifications, add an Ethernet lightning

arrestor.

Antenna

45° protection

range

Lightning arrestor

Page 83

Pole as a non-Bleeder Circuit with PoE andAC Power Supplies




AC Power Supplies

Supply power using a PoE adapter or PoE switch. If

the protection of PSE interfaces does not comply with

required specifications, add an Ethernet lightning

arrestor.

Huawei PoE adapters require no Ethernet lightning

arrestor and meet requirements for protection. Use

PoE adapters as a top priority, because PoE

switches have poor protection capabilities.

PoE switch


Lightning arrestor

45° protection range

Outdoor

Network

cabinet

Indoor

AP

Antenna

Top floor

Switch


Lightning arrestor


Outdoor

Network

cabinet

Indoor

AP

Antenna

AC power supply

distributioncabinet 220 V

Top floor

Supply 220 V AC power that has first-

level protection and requires no

additional SPD.

If the protection of switch interfaces does

not comply with required specifications,

add an Ethernet lightning arrestor.

Page 84

Floating Installation




g

WA652 APs use the floating design

and do not require grounding.

Supply power using PoE. If the

protection of PSE interfaces does not

comply with required specifications,

add an Ethernet lightning arrestor.

Huawei PoE adapters require no

Ethernet lightning arrestor when

supplying power.

APs use the floating design. Ground

PoE switches and Ethernet lightning

arrestor properly.

A

P

PoE switch


Lightning arrestor


Outdoor

Indoor

Network

cabinet

Top floor

Page 85




Outdoor Poles

The antenna is 3 to 4 m high from the ground. The AP feeder is not

long. The pole is higher than the AP and antenna so that the AP has

little probability to be damaged by strike lightning.

Power supply cables and network cables are laid out under the

ground; otherwise, protect cables using shield pipes from being

affected by induction lightning.

Protect open areas, especially antenna system, from lightning

strikes.

If the AP is installed on top of the pole which is a bleeder circuit,

protect the power supply and signal cables from lightning.

Page 86

Installing APs at the Bottom of the Poles




g

The pole is protected from lightning and the AP

and antenna installed on the pole is within the

protection range.

Power supply cables and network cables are laid

out under the ground, preventing lightning impact.

› The DC power supply in the power supply cabinet

requires basic lightning protection.

› PoE adapters are preferentially used to supply

power if PoE is used for supplying power.

Interfaces on PoE switches require protection by

the Ethernet lightning arrestor.

Lightning strikes may damage APs if the APs are

installed in the rural open area, which hardlyoccurs because APs are commonly used to cover

hot spots. In this case, use antenna lightning

arrestor whose current is higher than 15 KA.

AP

Lightning arrestor

Antenna lightning arrestor

Outdoor

Antenna

Network

cabinet

AC power

supply

distribution

cabinet

220 V

Ground

Page 87

Installing APs on Top of Poles




An antenna is fixed on an AP that is installed on top

of the pole within the protection range.

Protect power supply cables and network cables,

because the pole is a bleeder circuit.

› If AC power supplies are used, install an SPD under

the AP.

› PoE adapters are preferentially used to supply

power if PoE is used for supplying power. Interfaces

on PoE switches require protection by the Ethernet

lightning arrestor.

If APs are installed in open areas, add an antenna

lightning arrestor whose protection current is higher

than 15 KA.

AP

Lightning arrestor

Antenna lightning arrestor

Outdoor

Antenna

Network

cabinet

AC power

supply

distribution

cabinet

220 V

Ground

SPD

Page 88






3. Onsite Survey





9. Optimizing WLAN

10. Attachment 1: Examples for Planning theDistributed Indoor Network


Page 89

Acceptance of the WLAN Signal




p g

Deployment (1)

Page 90

Acceptance tools:

Portable computer and wireless network card

Note: A poor-quality network card has a high temperature when working for a

long time, which may result in unreliability. The Intel or Atheros network card is

recommended, such as Intel 5100, Intel 5300, or Intel 3945.

Acceptance software:

Network Stumbler: analyzes the field strength and signal-to-noise ratio.

WirelessMon: supports drive test with a user-friendly GUI.

AirMagnet: has a strong analysis capability and requires binding to the specified

network card.

Acceptance of the WLAN Signal

Deployment (2)




Deployment (2)

Page 91

1. Requirement of the field strength in the deployment area:

The field strength of the signals is from –40 dBm to –65 dBm and the accessrate is fast in the area where users require access to the Internet.

2. Requirement of the edge field strength:

The quality of 90% signals in the deployment area is high and the edge field

strength is higher than –75 dBm.

3. Field strength requirement of the co-channel interference If co-channel interference exists in a room where users are surfing the

Internet, ensure that the field strength of the interference source is less than

–80 dBm.

4. Field strength requirement of the leakage signals:

The field strength of the leakage WLAN signals is less than –90 dBm at theplace 10 m away.

5. Signal-to-noise ratio requirement:

The signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 28 dBm.

Acceptance of the WLAN basic services




p

Page 92

1. Delay jitter during forwarding:

Verify that the delay jitter range is smaller than 2 millisecondsby pinging packets.

The total delay does not exceed 10 milliseconds.

The packet loss ratio does not exceed 5%.

2. Throughput:

The download and upload rates of a single user is higher than

18 Mbit/s in an area with good signals.

3. Roaming between APs:

When STAs roam between areas covered by AP signals, the

service is not interrupted. Network jitter cannot be detected at

the download rate of 2 Mbit/s.






3. Onsite Survey





9. Optimizing WLAN



Page 93

Optimizing WLAN (1)




1. Adjusting AP power:

› If the signal strength is insufficient in the deployment area, increase the transmit power.› If signal strength in a deployment area is high and interferes those in other deployment areas,

decrease the transmit power.

› If the field strength of the leakage signals is high, decrease the AP transmit power.

› If the total power is insufficient, add an amplifier on the trunk line, which is not recommended.

2. Adjusting the antenna system:

› No adjustment is required after the antenna system is established. To adjust the transmit

power of antennas, use the following methods:

› 1. Change the coupler model to reallocate the power to increase or decrease the field strength

of the signals in the area covered by an antenna.

› 2. If the area is not covered evenly or entirely by signals, add antennas.

› 3. If a small area is not covered properly, change the antenna and adjust the gains.

› 4. Ensure that the number of APs with antennas is even.

› 5. Replace high-consumption cables with low-consumption cables.

Page 94

Optimizing WLAN (2)




p g ( )

3. Adjusting AP channels:› When planning the network, ensure that channels between APs are separated properly to

prevent co-channel interference.

› Analyze potential interference sources using drive test software. If a Wi-Fi router works in the

AP coverage and generates co-channel interference, enable the router and the AP to negotiate

and change the channel, minimizing co-channel interference in a coverage.

4. Adjusting interference:

› Reduce the transmit power of the interference source and optimize channel planning method to

reduce co-channel interference.

› Increase the distance between antennas and the distance between APs to reduce spurious

interference from neighboring channels.

› If a 2.4 GHz interference device exists around, such as a wireless camera, the AP may fail to

work properly. In this case, negotiate with the property company to shut down or limit the

interference source.

Page 95





2. Specifying Requirements3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN




Page 96

Examples for Planning the Distributed

Indoor Network (1)




Indoor Network (1)

1. Determine bandwidth requirements:

There are 20 rooms on a floor of a seven-floor dormitory building. Six users

live in a room and each of them requires 2 Mbit/s bandwidth. Plan the WLAN

distributed indoor system based on the 30% penetration rate.

› Total bandwidth requirement on a floor = 12 x 7 x 2 x 0.3 = 50.4 Mbit/s› Number of APs required on a floor = 50.4/20 = 2.52

2. Determine the number of APs:

› Install three APs on a floor. The dormitory building requires 21 APs in total.

› Use a 24-port PoE switch as the aggregation device and for the PoE power supply.

› The AC connection mode is determined by the number of APs on the entire network. In this

scenario, a WS6603 can be connected to the side of the BRAS.

Page 97


I d N t k (2)




Indoor Network (2) 3. Determine the coverage (50 m x 13 m for indoor areas):

› Dormitories are key areas to cover.

› Washing rooms, water rooms, and the aisle can be ignored.

4. Determine the antenna location, coverage radius, and distance between each other

based on the coverage requirements.

› Antennas are located between the four rooms so that signals pass through only one wall to cover a

room. The distance between antennas is 7.5 m.

› The dormitory at the end is covered by a single antenna to ensure the signal performance. The

aisles, washing rooms, and water rooms are not covered.

Page 98


Indoor Network (3)




Indoor Network (3) 5. Determine the distributed indoor structure:

› The site has no 2G/3G distributed indoor system. The WLAN can be used to construct the

network.

› Three APs are installed on a floor and each AP has two distributed indoor antennas

installed. Two power splitters can be used.

› Use 1/2 cables to cover the area that is 50 m long.

› Calculate the length of each cable.

› APs can be installed on the walls or in the cabinets. The shortest cabling is recommended

for feeders at the installation site.

AP3


Antenna1 Antenna2


Antenna3 Antenna4


Antenna5 Antenna6

AP2

AP1

0.5 m 8 m 0.5 m 15 m 0.5 m 5 m

5 m

20 m

45 m

Page 99


I d N t k (4)




Indoor Network (4)

6. Evaluate the power of each antenna interface:› The coverage radius of each antenna is 6.5 m.

› The free space attenuation at 6.5 m is 56.5 dB.

› The attenuation caused when signals pass through a wall to cover the room is 25

dB.

› The field strength required by the area is –65 dBm.

› The transmit antenna gain is 2 dBi.

› The transmit power of the antenna interface is calculated as: –65 + 25 + 56.5 – 2 =

14.5 dBm

› Note: The preceding evaluation does not consider the STA receive antenna gain. If

the receive antenna gain is 2 dBi, the antenna power is 12.5 dBm. The receive

antenna gains of STAs can be ignored in actual application to ensure good signals,

because gains are hard to determine.

Page 100


I d N t k (5)




Indoor Network (5)

7. Calculate the antenna attenuation and determine the AP transmit power:› An AP has two antennas installed and uses a 2-way power splitter. The transmit

power of antennas are not the same due to cable attenuation. The transmit power of

the antenna interface is calculated using a distributed indoor counter as follows:

› If the transmit power of AP1 is set to 20 dBm, the transmit power of antennas is:

» Antenna1: 15.4 dBm» Antenna2: 14.5 dBm

› If the transmit power of AP2 is set to 22 dBm, the transmit power of antennas is:

» Antenna3: 15.5 dBm


› If the transmit power of AP3 is set to 24 dBm, the transmit power of antennas is:» Antenna5: 14.4 dBm


Page 101


I d N t k (6)




Indoor Network (6)

8. Determine the channeldistribution:

Plan the channels with minimum

co-channel interference.

If the planned AP channels have

conflict with the channels of Wi-Fi

devices installed by single users,

modify the AP channel structure.

If interference exists between

multiple Wi-Fi channels and the

AP channels and cannot be

avoided, negotiate with users to

plan the channels.

Floor Number Three APs on One Floor

7 1 6 11

6 11 1 6

5 6 11 1

4 1 6 11

3 11 1 6

2 6 11 1

1 1 6 11

Page 102






3. Onsite Survey






9. Optimizing WLAN



Page 103

Huawei WLAN Products: Distributed




Indoor APs

WA631:

› Supports 802.11b/g and a transmit power of 27 dBm.

WA633SN:

› Supports 802.11b/g/n, a transmit power of 27 dBm, and a bandwidth of 150

Mbit/s.

Page 104

Huawei WLAN Products: Indoor APs




WA601:› Supports 802.11b/g and a transmit power of 20 dBm.

WA602:

› Supports 802.11b/g, a transmit power of 20 dBm, and intelligent

antennas.

WA603SN:

› Supports 802.11b/g/n, a transmit power of 20 dBm, and a bandwidthof 300 Mbit/s.

WA603DN:

› Supports 802.11a/b/g/n, a transmit power of 20 dBm, and a

bandwidth of 300 Mbit/s + 300 Mbit/s.

Page 105

Huawei WLAN Products: Outdoor APs




WA651:

› Supports 802.11b/g and a transmit power of 27

dBm.

WA652:

› Supports 802.11b/g, a transmit power of 27 dBm,

and built-in intelligent antennas.

Page 106

Huawei WLAN Products: ACs




WS6603

› Box-shaped AC.

› Providing 24 GE ports and two 10GE ports.

› Supporting 1024 APs.

WS6803

› Chassis-shaped AC.

› Providing 8 GE ports and two 10GE ports on a

board.

› Supporting 1024 APs connected to a board.

› Providing six slots for AC boards.

WS6800

› Chassis-shaped AC.

› Providing 8 GE ports and two 10GE ports on a

board.

› Supporting 1024 APs connected to a board.

› Providing 14 slots for AC boards.16

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WLAN AP Network Planning and Optimization-20110913-B