WLesson 1 Intro and Atomic Structure

8/3/2019 WLesson 1 Intro and Atomic Structure

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Introduction to CHEM 102B

and Atomic Structure


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CHEM 102B Information

E-mail: [email protected]

Office Hours: T, Th 2 3 p.m.;

M, W 11-12 a.m.

Lecture Times: Tuesday and Thursday 9 to 9:50 a.m.

Instructor: Dr. Kelly Marville

Office Location: 205 Chem Annex

Office Phone: 244-0402


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CHEM 102B Homepage

Choose course websites and click on the 102B icon

Go to: http://www.chem.illinois.edu/clcwebsite

Please go to this website regularly to:

i. Log into your grade book using your net-id and password to check

your grades for the course.

Grades for CHEM 102B are NOT kept in Lon-capa.

ii. Log into Lon-capa (https://access1.lon-capa.uiuc.edu )using your

netid and password

iii. Access the link used to register your i-clicker


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Lon-Capa

The Lon-capa website will be where you access:

(i) The weeks worksheet.

Printed worksheets will not be provided during discussion

Please attempt worksheet problems related to the last lecture BEFORE

the discussion sections.(ii) Power points for lecture. They are available before lecture.

(iii) Course Syllabus and Course Policy (please read both before the end of

week 1).

(iv) Lon-capa online homework.

(v) Online quizzes.

(vi) Keys for Worksheets and Hour Exams.


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Text: Chemistry, 8th or earlier ed., Zumdahl

I-clicker (can be bought at the bookstore)

Scientific calculator with log function

Required Materials

Please see course website to correctly register your I-clicker.

Registration must be done before January 24, 2012


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On-line Homework:8

0 pts.I-Clicker: 20 pts.

Quiz score: 150 pts.

Hour Exams: (3 x 150) 450 pts.

Final Exam: 300 pts.

Total : 1000 pts.

No make-up quizzes

or exams

Excused Absences are required for a pro-rated grade.

Pro-rated: Average of other scores will be used for the missing

grade.

Grading Policy


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Grades

97-100% (970 - 1000) = A+

93 - 96% (930 - 969) = A

90 - 92% (900 - 929) = A-

87 - 89% (870 - 899) = B+

83 - 86% (830 - 869) = B

80 - 82% (800 - 829) = B-

etc., etc., etc.

1000 points total


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Online quizzes will open every Friday at 1 a.m. and close on Sunday

at 11:59 p.m. Each quiz is worth 15 points.

Online quizzes are accessed through Lon capa .

There will be 12 online quizzes given and the top ten will be kept.

YOU WILL HAVE 30 MINUTES ONLY TO COMPLETE AN ONLINE QUIZ

AND TWO CHANCES TO ANSWER EACH QUESTION DURING THIS

TIME.


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I-Clicker

Participation points: 0.2 points for first question answered using i-clicker

(answer right or wrong).

i-clicker points earned over 20 points will be added to your CHEM 102B

point total.

Question answered correctly: 0.4 points awarded per question.

I-clicker questions will be multiple choice and the

i-clicker bought needs to be able to answer multiple choice

questions.


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Graded Homework is online through the Lon capa link that can be found

by going to the courses website.

Log into Lon capa using your netid and password.

First Lon-capa homework opens Tuesday, January 24 at 9 a.m. and is

due Tuesday, January 31 by 9 a.m.

Worksheets and suggested Zumdahl problems will not be graded. These

problems will prepare you for Hour Exams and quizzes.

Online Homework opens Tuesday at 9 a.m.

and is due the following Tuesday by 9 a.m.


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Hour Exams

There are three of these exams, each worth 150

points for a total of 450 points of your final grade.

These exams are 75 minutes long and are multiple choice.

These are tough exams and seek to test you on the material covered

throughout the course. Be prepared!

At the end of the worksheets, beginning in week 2, there will be

Getting ready for Hour Exam problems. There will be extra

sessions held beginning Friday, January 27 in Noyes 165 from 1 to

1:50 p.m. where these problems will be addressed.


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Words of Advice Begin working from today! You will have to work hard to do well.

Complete all worksheet problems and do as many chemistry problems

as you can.

As soon as a topic is not clearly understood seek help immediately.

Use the resources provided.

Keep track of your performance by checking the online grade book

weekly.

Be confident, be determined to make it and believe in yourself !


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Must-Know Definitions

Compound: Substance with a constant composition that can be broken

down into its elements by chemical processes.

Atom: The smallest representative particle of an element.

Element: A substance that CANNOT be broken into simpler substances

by chemical or physical means.

Molecule: The chemical combination of two or more atoms.


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Structure ofatoms Properties ofelements

Links between CHEM 102B Topics

Compound and

molecule formation,

their structures and

properties

Performing chemical reactions

with solid, liquid and gaseous

molecules and compounds

Energy changes involved in

chemical reactions and determiningif a chemical reaction will occur

Chemical reactions in equilibrium


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Understanding the structure and properties of atoms is critical as

combinations of atoms lead to the formation of unlimited number of

chemical compounds, some of which are essential for life.

Atomic Structure

Scanning

Tunneling

Microscope


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Daltons Atomic Theory

1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

John Dalton

Still true

5. A compound forms from its elements through the combination of

atoms of unlike elements in small whole number ratios.

2. All atoms of a given chemical element have

identical properties.

3. Different chemical elements are composed of

different atoms of different masses.

4. Atoms are indestructible and chemical reactions are a rearrangement

of atoms.


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1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms

Particle Symbol Absolute

Charge (C)

Relative

Charge

Absolute

mass (kg)

Electron e- -1.60 x 10-19 -1 9.11 x 10-31

Proton p+ 1.60 x 10-19 +1 1.673 x 10-27

Neutron n0 0 0 1.675 x 10-27

We now know that atoms have subatomic particles called electrons,

neutrons and protons.


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The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.

1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms

Electrons move around the

nucleus. This electron cloud

makes up the volume of the

atom.

An atom is electrically neutral when # protons = # electrons


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This number of protons within the atom is called the atomic number

(abbreviated Z).

2. All atoms of a given element have identical properties

All carbon (C) atoms contain 6 protons, Z = 6

A neutral carbon atom contains 6 electrons and 6 protons

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they

contain are collectively called isotopes and individually are called

nuclides.


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The mass number (abbreviated A) is the total number of protons and

neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass number = Total number of protons + Total number of neutrons

2. All atoms of a given element have identical properties

xAz Atomic numberChemical symbolMass number

Nuclide general

symbol

6 C12

6 C

14


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4. Atoms are indestructible and chemical reactions are a

rearrangement of atoms

In chemical reactions but not in nuclear reactions

5. Compounds contain a definite and small number of atoms

This is not true in complex organic compounds like sucrose, C12H22O11


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Atoms with similar chemical properties are in the same Group of the Periodic Table.

Vertical columns = Groups The Periodic Table has seven periods

Ds Rg Cn Uut Uuq114 115 116 117 118

Uup Uuh Uus Uuo

1/1A

13/3A14/

4A 15/5A16/

6A

17/

7A

18/8A

2/2A

Horizontal rows = Periods


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Noble gases

Unreactive

monatomic gases

Group 8A / 18

Alkali metals soft solids

Very reactive

Group 1A / 1


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Alkaline earth metals

Reactive solids

Group 2A / 2

Halogens (X2)

Very reactive non-metals

Group 7A / 17


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conduct heat, electricity

solids (except for Hg)

lose electrons

Metals:

Non-metals:

solids, liquids, gases

Metalloids exhibit

both metallic and

nonmetallic

properties

3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

poor conductors


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Atoms of non-metallic elements take part in chemical reactions by

gaining electrons, forming ions called anions.

Atoms of metallic elements take part in chemical reactions by losingelectrons, forming ions called cations.

Ions

Number of electrons lost = Group number

Number of electrons gained = 8 Group Number


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These metals can form ions

with different charges

except Ag+

Zn2+

Cd2+For example:

Ions of manganese: Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+

Transition Metals


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H

Why? Hydrogen atoms can lose or gain their one electron

H H+

protonhydridelose e-

1 proton

The Hydrogen Atom is an Anomaly

1 proton

1 electron 0 electrons

H H -gain e-

1 proton 1 proton

1 electron 2 electrons


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Isoelectronic Series

Definition: Atoms/ions that contain the same number of electrons

In3+ Sn+4 Sb+5

Number of electrons:

Z = 49 50 51

Example:

Documents

WLesson 1 Intro and Atomic Structure