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Wireless Markup Language
WML was designed to describe content and format for presenting data on devices with limited bandwidth, limited screen size and limited user input capability. WML is a tagged language similar to HTML.Features of WML:
Text and Image support: Formatting and layout commands are provided for text and image support. Deck/card organizational metaphor: WML documents are subdivided into well-defined cards. Users navigate by moving back and forth between card s. Support for navigation among cards and decks: WML documents provide support for event handling which is used for navigation.
WML Tags:Tag Description
Deck Structure<access> Access control<card> Card Definition<head> Deck level Information<template> Deck level event bindings<wml> Deck definition
Content<img> Image<p> Paragraph<table> Table<td> Table data<tr> Table row
Formatting<b> Bold<big> Large font<br> Next line<small> Small font<strong> Strong font
User Input<input> Data entry<option> Single choice in a List<select> Choice List
Variables<post field> Set an http request variable<setvar> Set a variable in task
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Tasks<go> Go to a URL<noop> No action<prev> Go to previous card<refresh> Screen redraw
Tasks/Event Bindings<a> Abbreviated anchor<anchor> Anchor<do> Response to user button press
WMLScript:
It is similar to javascript. It is designed for defining script-type programs in a user device with limited processing power and memory.
Features of WMLScript:
Javascript based scripting language: WMLscript is a subset of javascript. Procedural Logic: It adds power of procedural logic to Wireless Application Environment. Event Based: WMLScript may be invoked in response to certain user environmental events. Compiled implementation: It can be compiled down to a more efficient byte code that is transported to client.
WMLScript Stataments:
Statement Description= AssignmentBreak Terminate current loopContinue Current loop iterationFor Indexed loopfunction Function declarationreturn Exit the current functionvar Variable declaration
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Program 1: Write a program for card Navigation.
WML Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd"> <wml> <template>
<do type="accept" label="Home"><go href="#index"/></do>
</template>
<card id="index" title="Welcome"> <p align="center"> <big><b>Welcome</b></big> </p> <p> <anchor> <go href="#card2"/> Go to card 2 </anchor> </p><do type="accept">
<noop/></do> </card>
<card id = "card2" title="aditya"><p> <big><b>This is card 2</b></big>
<br></br><a href="#index">Home</a><br></br><a href="#card3">go to card3</a><br></br><a href="#card4">go to card4</a><br></br>
</p></card><card id="card3" title="aditya"> <p> <big><b>This is card 3</b></big>
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<br></br><a href="#index">Home</a><br></br><a href="#card2">go to card2</a><br></br><a href="#card4">go to card4</a><br></br>
</p><p><table columns="3"> <tr> <td>Cell 1</td> <td>Cell 2</td> <td>Cell 3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cell 1</td> <td>Cell 2</td> <td>Cell 3</td> </tr></table></p></card>
<card id="card4" title="aditya"> <p> <big><b>This is card 4</b></big>
<br></br><a href="#index">Home</a><br></br><a href="#card2">go to Card 2</a><br></br><a href="#card3">go to Card 3</a><br></br>
</p>
<p>
<img src="image001.gif" alt="Smile" height="5" width="5" /><br/>
Welcome
</p>
</card>
</wml>
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Output:
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Program 2: Write a Program to make an interactive interface asking user to enter details and show that details in the next card.
First Name Last Name Password Gender Hobbies Qualification
WML Code:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd"> <wml> <card id="card1" title="aditya"> <p align="left"> <big><b>First Name </b></big>
<input name="fn" size="15"/> <big><b>Last Name </b></big>
<input name="ln" size="15"/> <big><b>Password </b></big>
<input name="ps" size="15" type="password"/> <big><b>Gender </b></big>
<select name="gn"><option value="Male">Male</option><option value="Female">Female</option>
</select> <big><b>Hobbies </b></big>
<select name="hb" multiple="true"><option value="Tenis">Tenis</option><option value="cricket">cricket</option><option value="Hocky">Hocky</option>
</select> <big><b>Qualification</b></big> <select name="qn">
<option value="BE">BE</option><option value="MCA">MCA</option>
</select> <a href="#card2">Submit</a> </p> </card> <card id="card2" title="aditya">
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<p><b>First name:</b> $(fn)<br></br> <b>Last name:</b> $(ln)<br></br><b>Password:</b> $(ps)<br></br><b>Gender:</b> $(gn)<br></br> <b>Qualification:</b> $(qn)<br></br><b>Hobbies:</b> $(hb)<br></br>
</p></card> </wml>
Output:
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Program 3: Write a Program to validate Password. It should have following fields: Login Password Country
Display error message if any of the fields is empty or length of password is less than 6 characters.
WML code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd"> <wml> <card id="card1" title="LOGIN"> <do type="accept" label="Login"> <go href="valid.wmls#validate()"/> </do> <p align="left">
Login: <input name="login" size="10"/>Password:<input name="password" type="password" size="10"/>Country: <input name="country" size="10"/>
</p> </card> <card id="card2" title="Username Empty"> <p>User field is empty..</p> </card> <card id="card3" title="Password Empty"> <p>Password field is empty..</p> </card> <card id="card4" title="Password length"> <p>Password size at least 6</p> </card> <card id="card5" title="Country Empty"> <p>Country field is empty..</p> </card> <card id="card6" title="Login Successful"> <p>Login Successful..</p> </card></wml>
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WML Script:
extern function validate(){
var log = WMLBrowser.getVar("login");var pass = WMLBrowser.getVar("password");var ctry = WMLBrowser.getVar("country");var temp = String.length(pass);if(String.isEmpty(log))
WMLBrowser.go("P3Validation.wml#card2");else if(String.isEmpty(pass))
WMLBrowser.go("P3Validation.wml#card3");else if(temp<6)
WMLBrowser.go("P3Validation.wml#card4");else if(String.isEmpty(ctry))
WMLBrowser.go("P3Validation.wml#card5");else
WMLBrowser.go("P3Validation.wml#card6");}
Output:
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Program 4: Write a Program to validate a Date.
WML Code:
<wml> <card id="card1" title="DateValidation"> <p>
<big><b>Date</b></big> <input name="dt" size="15"/>
<do type="Accept" label="OK"><go href="validation.wmls#valid()"/>
</do> </p>
<p align="center"> Date Should be in dd-mm-yyyy format
</p> </card> </wml>
WML Script:
extern function valid()Page 12 of 23
{ var date1=WMLBrowser.getVar("dt");
var day=String.elementAt(date1,0,"-");var mo=String.elementAt(date1,1,"-");var year=String.elementAt(date1,2,"-");
var d=Lang.parseInt(day);var m=Lang.parseInt(mo);var y=Lang.parseInt(year);
if(m<1||m>12){
Dialogs.alert("Invalid Date");}else if(y%4==0&&m==2&&(d<1||d>29)){
Dialogs.alert("Invalid Date");}else if(y%4!=0&&m==2&&(d<1||d>28)){
Dialogs.alert("Invalid Date");}else if((m==1||m==3||m==5||m==7||m==8||m==10||m==12)&&(d>31||d<1)){
Dialogs.alert("Invalid Date");}else if((m==4||m==6||m==9||m==11)&&(d>30||d<1)){
Dialogs.alert("Invalid Date");}else{
Dialogs.alert("Valid Date");}
}
Output:
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Program 5: Write a Program to design a Registration Form.
WML Code:
<wml> <template> <do type="prev"><prev/></do> </template> <card id="card1" title="RegistrationForm"> <do type="unknown" label="REGISTER"> <go href="regVal.wmls#validate()"/> </do>
<p align="left"> <big><b>$(err1)</b></big>
<br></br> <big><b>First Name * </b></big> <input name="fname" size="8"/> <big><b>Last Name * </b></big>
<input name="lname" size="8"/>
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<big><b>Gender * </b></big> <select name="gender" multiple="false"> <option value="Male">Male</option> <option value="Female">Female</option> </select> <big><b>DOB * </b></big>
<input name="dob" size="8"/> <big><b>Email * </b></big> <input name="email" size="8"/> <big><b>User ID * </b></big> <input name="uid" size="8"/> <big><b>Password * </b></big> <input name="pass" size="8" type="password" /> </p> </card> <card id="card2" title="Card #2"> <p> <big><b>Successfully Registered</b></big> </p> </card> </wml>WML script:extern function validate() { var Login= WMLBrowser.getVar("dob"); var m = String.elementAt(Login,1,"-"); var d = String.elementAt(Login,0,"-"); var y = String.elementAt(Login,2,"-"); WMLBrowser.setVar("mon",m); WMLBrowser.setVar("day",d); WMLBrowser.setVar("yy",y); var mm=Lang.parseInt(m); var dd=Lang.parseInt(d); var yr=Lang.parseInt(y);
var fn=WMLBrowser.getVar("fname"); var ln=WMLBrowser.getVar("lname");
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var gr=WMLBrowser.getVar("gender"); var db=WMLBrowser.getVar("dob"); var em=WMLBrowser.getVar("email"); var ud=WMLBrowser.getVar("uid"); var ps=WMLBrowser.getVar("pass"); if(noEmptyField(fn,ln,gr,db,em,ud,ps)) { if(isEmailValid(em))
{ }
else { } if(date_validate(mm,dd,yr)) { } else { } if(((isEmailValid(em)))&&((date_validate(mm,dd,yr)))) { WMLBrowser.go("regVal.wml#card2"); } }}function date_validate(mm,dd,yr){ if(mm >= 1 && mm <= 12) { if(mm==2) { if(yr%4 == 0) { if(dd > 29 || dd < 1) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Date"); return false; } } if(yr%4 != 0) {
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if(dd > 28 || dd < 1) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Date"); return false; } } } if(mm==1 || mm==3 || mm==5|| mm==7 || mm==8 || mm==10 || mm==12) { if(dd > 31 || dd < 1) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Date"); return false; } } if(mm==4 || mm==6 || mm==9|| mm==11) { if(dd > 30 || dd < 1) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Date"); return false; } } else { return true; } } else { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Date"); return false; } return true;}
function noEmptyField(fn,ln,gr,db,em,ud,ps){ if(String.isEmpty(fn) || String.isEmpty(ln) || String.isEmpty(gr) || String.isEmpty(db) || String.isEmpty(em) || String.isEmpty(ud) || String.isEmpty(ps) ) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Empty Fields");
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return false; } else if(String.length(ps) < 6) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Password Length should be greater than 6 char"); return false; } else { return true; } return true;}
function isEmailValid(em){ if(String.elements(em,"@")!=2) { WMLBrowser.setVar("err1","Invalid Email ID"); return false; } else
{ return true; }return true;}
Output:Validation for Empty Fields:
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Validation for Date:
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Validation for E-mail-ID:
Validation for Password Length:
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Valid Input:
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